Showing papers in "Revista Mexicana De Biodiversidad in 2015"
TL;DR: The results of the non-volant mammal survey at the Maracaju Mountains located in the central region of Mato Grosso do Sul State, southwestern Brazil were reported in this paper.
Abstract: We report the results of the non-volant mammal survey at the Maracaju Mountains located in the central region of Mato Grosso do Sul State, southwestern Brazil. The sampling encompasses different vegetation types of the Cerrado domain that occur in the region. The mammal survey was conducted by the use of pitfalls (1804 bucket-nights), live traps (7508 trap-nights), direct observation and indirect evidence (624 hours of observations). Fifty-eight non-volant mammal species of 9 orders and 20 families were recorded, representing 12% of the Brazilian terrestrial mammal species. The non-volant mammal community of Maracaju Mountains is typical of the Cerrado, but some species found occur in other domains, especially from Pantanal, Atlantic and Amazonian Forests. Among the recorded species, 11 are threatened in Brazil or on a global scale. Therefore, the Maracaju Mountains have a high richness of mammals with endangered and rare species that are still present in the extensive natural areas which persist in the region. These areas are very important for conservation of mammals and should be considered relevant areas for the establishment of Conservation Units in Cerrado and in the Mato Grosso do Sul State.
51 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors proposed statistical methods to solve drawbacks frequently disregarded when such models are built, such as the spatial autocorrelation of presence data or the multi-collinearity of the environmental predictors used.
Abstract: Prior to modeling the potential distribution of a species it is recommended to carry out analyses to reduceerrors in the model, especially those caused by the spatial autocorrelation of presence data or the multi-collinearity ofthe environmental predictors used. This paper proposes statistical methods to solve drawbacks frequently disregardedwhen such models are built. We use spatial records of 3 species characteristic of the Mexican humid mountain forestand 2 sets of original variables. The selection of presence-only records with no autocorrelation was made by applyingboth randomness and pattern analyses. Through principal component analysis (PCA) the 2 sets of original variableswere transformed into 4 different sets to produce the species distribution models with the modeling application inMaxent. Model precision was higher than 90% applying a binomial test and was always higher than 0.9 with the areaunder the curve (AUC) and with the partial receiver operating characteristic (ROC). The results show that the recordsselected with the randomness method proposed here and the use of the PCA to select the environmental predictorsgenerated more parsimonious predictive models, with a precision higher than 95%, and in addition, the responsevariables show no spatial autocorrelation.
47 citations
TL;DR: The results are consistent with a contextual account of resurgence, which emphasizes that reinforcers presented during response elimination have a discriminative role controlling behavioral inhibition.
Abstract: Extinguished operant behavior can return or “resurge” when a response that has replaced it is also extinguished.Typically studied in nonhuman animals, the resurgence effect may provide insight into relapse that is seen when reinforcement is discontinued following human contingency management (CM) and functional communication training (FCT) treatments, which both involve reinforcing alternative behaviors to reduce behavioral excess.Although the variables that affect resurgence have been studied for some time, the mechanisms through which they promote relapse are still debated.We discuss three explanations of resurgence (response prevention, an extension of behavioral momentum theory, and an account emphasizing context change) as well as studies that evaluate them. Several new findings from our laboratory concerning the effects of different temporal distributions of the reinforcer during response elimination and the effects of manipulating qualitative features of the reinforcer pose a particular challenge to the momentum–based model.Overall, the results are consistent with a contextual account of resurgence, which emphasizes that reinforcers presented during response elimination have a discriminative role controlling behavioral inhibition.Changing the “reinforcer context” at the start of testing produces relapse if the organism has not learned to suppress its responding under conditions similar to the ones that prevail during testing.
41 citations
TL;DR: The results show that self-efficacy has a significant direct effect and an indirect effect (through social support and satisfaction with support) on patient adherence, specifically regarding diet and exercise.
Abstract: Treatment adherence is a key health behavior in chronic patients. This study investigates the mediating role of perceived social support in the relationship between perceived self-efficacy and adherence to treatment. The sample is composed of 202 chronic patients living in Spain. Stratified random sampling was used to select participants based on the variables age group and type of disease. As predicted, patient self-efficacy is associated with lower levels of nonadherence as well as greater perceived social support. The results show that self-efficacy has a significant direct effect and an indirect effect (through social support and satisfaction with support) on patient adherence, specifically regarding diet and exercise. This study contributes to understand the processes underlying increased levels of nonadherence to treatment in people with lower self-efficacy and less social support. The results are discussed in terms of their contribution to future intervention programs for improving adherence to treatment in chronic patient groups.
39 citations
TL;DR: For instance, it is not uncommon for previously reinforced, but thereafter eliminated or abandoned respondent or operant behavior to recur as mentioned in this paper, which has implications for both the theoretical understanding of behavior and application.
Abstract: It is not uncommon for previously reinforced, but thereafter eliminated or abandoned respondent or operant behavior to recur. As the articles in this special issue of the Mexican Journal of Behavior Analysis attest, such recurrence has implications for both the theoretical understanding of behavior and application. Perhaps the first type of recurrence to be investigated was spontaneous recovery, which occurs after a period of nonexposure to the context in which the response was extinguished (e.g., Pavlov, 1927). Later, other circumstances of recurrent behavior were discovered, and theoretical infrastructures developed to not only account for recurrence, but also to integrate these circumstances according to their commonalities. Observing and harnessing the understanding of these recurrence phenomena for application developed concurrently.
35 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a lista actualizada of mamiferos terrestres de Oaxaca is presented, including 48 monotipicas and 168 politipicas with 209 subespecies; esto suma un total de 257 taxones.
Abstract: En este trabajo se presenta una lista actualizada de las especies de mamiferos terrestres de Oaxaca Se analizo la riqueza acumulada, los patronesespaciales de riqueza, endemismo, estado de conservacion y la diversidad beta taxonomica La informacion proviene de recolectas recientes y secomplementa con los registros de ejemplares depositados en colecciones cientificas y de literatura especializada Los resultados obtenidos muestranque a partir de la decada de 1960 se incremento el esfuerzo de recolecta; actualmente se conocen 28,060 registros La composicion taxonomica enOaxaca esta representada por 216 especies, incluyendo 48 monotipicas y 168 politipicas con 209 subespecies; esto suma un total de 257 taxonesLa mayor riqueza de especies se registro en las subprovincias fisiograficas: Sierra Madre de Oaxaca (154), Planicie Costera de Tehuantepec (135)y Sierra Madre del Sur (127) La baja similitud taxonomica entre subprovincias (036-082) explica la elevada diversidad de mamiferos en Oaxaca
29 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors conducted a thorough literature review in order to assess the state of the art in the scientific research that has been performed on Mexican coastal dunes and found that 47% of the studies focused on plant ecology mostly along the Atlantic coast.
Abstract: The knowledge on key ecosystems is necessary to promote scientific policies that encourage science projects that aim at fulfilling information gaps. We conducted a thorough literature review in order to assess the state of the art in the scientific research that has been performed on Mexican coastal dunes. We found that 47% of the studies focused on plant ecology mostly along the Atlantic coast. The state of Veracruz has been the most studied (86). In addition, the spatial distribution of 844 plant species and 166 of animal species have been reported. Four hundred ecological interactions have demonstrated the relevance of different species for reproductive fitness in plants and plant succession processes. The studies highlight human activities as the main stressor on coastal dunes systems. We conclude that it is necessary to use biodiversity variables as ecological indicators for monitoring climate changes as well as the impacts of human activities on coastal dunes. The above will enable us to devise conservation and environmental management strategies where economic development and environmental impact are integrated within the ecological studies hypothesis.
29 citations
TL;DR: Six reasons why applied behavior analysts should know about resurgence are outlined, including the generality of the phenomenon, the diversity of responses that resurge, the extent to which procedures parallel common clinical treatment, the likelihood of particular topographies resurging, and the extent that clinicians can structure reinforcement histories to affect resurgence.
Abstract: To date, the majority of resurgence studies have occurred in controlled contexts with nonhuman subjects. However, understanding resurgence has implications for application. In this article, I outline six reasons why applied behavior analysts should know about resurgence. These reasons are the generality of the phenomenon, the diversity of responses that resurge, the extent to which procedures parallel common clinical treatment, the likelihood of particular topographies resurging, the extent to which clinicians might want resurgence, and the ways that clinicians can structure reinforcement histories to affect resurgence. Although we have a growing body of knowledge about the conditions under which resurgence occurs, further research is needed to determine the generality of existing studies to clinical contexts. In the meantime, clinicians should plan for resurgence when working with their clients.
29 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors assess the relative contribution of behavioral processes related to stimulus control, reinforcer control, and response competition to relapse, and use behavioral momentum theory and contextual control of behavior to provide different ways to understand the processes contributing to relapse.
Abstract: Behavioral treatments for problem behavior arranging differential reinforcement can result in relapse due to a range of conditions. Basic research using nonhuman animal models in particular is useful because relevant behavioral processes can be revealed through systematic research that is impossible or unethical in clinical situations.Because relapse in clinical situations often will be determined by multiple factors, a range of preclinical animal models exists to isolate the influence of environmental events contributing to relapse.For example, resurgence procedures are ideal for assessing processes relevant to relapse due to failures in treatment integrity with differential–reinforcement treatments, which is common in clinical situations.We review our efforts to uncover fundamental behavioral processes underlying the resurgence of previously extinguished behavior upon extinguishing a more recently reinforced behavior.Furthermore, we use behavioral momentum theory and contextual control of behavior to provide different ways to understand the processes contributing to relapse and offer different avenues for mitigating relapse effects.Through the lenses of these frameworks, we assess the relative contribution of behavioral processes related to stimulus control, reinforcer control, and response competition to relapse.
26 citations
TL;DR: The effects of reinforcement rates of alternative responding on resurgence were studied in two experiments with rats and for two of the four rats, the magnitude of resurgence was positively related to reinforcement rates in the Alternative-Reinforcement phase.
Abstract: The effects of reinforcement rates of alternative responding on resurgence were studied in two experiments with rats. In both experiments, left-and right-lever pressing were reinforced according to a multiple schedule in the Training and Alternative Reinforcement phase, respectively. In the Test phase, reinforcers were discontinued. In Experiment 1, reinforcement rates were similar between components in the Training phase, and different between components in the Alternative Reinforcement phase. This latter difference was manipulated parametrically across conditions. Resurgence occurred more frequently (i.e., in more sessions) and was of greater magnitude (i.e., response rates were relatively higher) in the rich (i.e., higher reinforcement rate) than in the lean (i.e., lower reinforcement rate) component. Additionally, for two of the four rats, the magnitude of resurgence in both components was positively related to reinforcement rates in the Alternative-Reinforcement phase. In Experiment 2, reinforcement rates were different between components in the Training phase, and similar between components in the Alternative Reinforcement phase.
24 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors analyzed the distribution and diversity patterns of ground dwelling spiders in the main plant associations of the protected area known as Churince, in the Cuatro Cienegas Basin, Coahuila, Mexico.
Abstract: We analyzed the distribution and diversity patterns of ground dwelling spiders in the main plant associations of the protected area known as Churince, in the Cuatro Cienegas Basin, Coahuila, Mexico. Spiders were collected with pitfall ramp traps during the years 2011 and 2012. We found 29 families and 144 morpho-species. The most abundant families were Gnaphosidae, Lycosidae and Salticidae. The most common species were Gnaphosa sp. and G. hirsutipes. There were 4 new records for Mexico and 4 for the Chihuahuan Desert, including 2 possible new species of Sergiolus and Oecobius. The number of species was high in comparison when compared with other studies in the Chihuahuan and Sonoran deserts. The species abundances were fitted to the Fisher distribution. The rarefied richness was highest at sites with denser vegetation and high humidity. Dominance was high and richness low in sparsely vegetated sites. The wandering hunters were dominant in all sites, but the guild diversity was higher in sites with high plant complexity
TL;DR: Experimental conditions similar to those described by Lieving and Lattal (2003) were used within two experiments to evaluate the resurgence of mands with humans to identify the mand with the weaker response strength that persisted and was placed on extinction.
Abstract: Experimental conditions similar to those described by Lieving and Lattal (2003) were used within two experiments to evaluate the resurgence of mands with humans. Two mands from the same operant class were trained with three participants with developmental disabilities during Experiment 1 and with two participants with developmental disabilities and a history of problem behavior during Experiment 2. The two mands were then placed on extinction. Both persisted, but showed different response strength during extinction. The mand with the weaker response strength was targeted for additional functional communication training and the alternative mand was placed on extinction. Following steady levels of occurrence of the targeted mand and no occurrences of the alternative mand, both mands were placed on extinction again. At least one instance of resurgence of the alternative mand occurred with every participant and resurgence of problem behavior occurred for both participants during Experiment 2.
TL;DR: Todas las especies encontradas son primer registro para el agroecosistema cacao en Tabasco, y Trichoderma pleuroticola es registro nuevo para Mexico.
Abstract: Las plantaciones de cacao de Tabasco tienen similitud con las selvas tropicales. Este agroecosistema ayuda a conservar la biodiversidad. En la entidad, los estudios de diversidad en el agroecosistema cacao estan relacionados con la vegetacion, mamiferos, avifauna, insectos y aranas. La diversidad de hongos no se ha estudiado. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue caracterizar la diversidad de Hypocrea/Trichoderma presente en la rizosfera de Theobroma cacao en Tabasco, Mexico. Para este fin, se obtuvieron e identificaron 96 aislamientos de Hypocrea /Trichoderma mediante morfologia y secuencias de ITS. Las especies encontradas fueron Trichoderma asperellum , T. brevicompactum , T. harzianum/H. lixii , T. koningiopsis/H. koningiopsis , T. longibrachiatum/H. sagamiensis , T. pleuroticola , T. reesei/H. jecorina , T. spirale y T. virens/H. virens . Los indices de riqueza (DMg) y abundancia (H′) fueron de 1.75 y 1.69, respectivamente. El indice de uniformidad de Pielou (J ) fue de 0.77. La mayor diversidad de Trichoderma /Hypocrea se detecto en la subregion Chontalpa. Trichoderma harzianum/H. lixii fue la especie mas abundante. Todas las especies encontradas son primer registro para el agroecosistema cacao en Tabasco. Trichoderma asperellum , T. brevicompactum , T. koningiopsis/H. koningiopsis , T. pleuroticola , T. reesei/H. jecorina y T. spirale son registros nuevos para la entidad y Trichoderma pleuroticola es registro nuevo para Mexico
TL;DR: The authors describe the patrones de actividad de los visitantes a las inflorescencias of 3 especies of Agave: Agave difformis, A. garciae-mendozae and A. striata in distintas localidades de la Barranca de Metztitlan, Hidalgo, Mexico.
Abstract: Se describen los patrones de actividad de los visitantes a las inflorescencias de 3 especies de Agave: Agave difformis, A. garciae-mendozae y A. striata en distintas localidades de la Barranca de Metztitlan, Hidalgo, Mexico. Se define el posible papel de estos visitantes en el proceso de polinizacion, ya sea como ladrones de polen o nectar, o como polinizadores primarios o secundarios, estos ultimos visitan menos flores y/o lo hacen de manera ineficiente. Se filmo la actividad de visitantes durante 24 h continuas en 5 inflorescencias. Se encontraron los siguientes grupos de visitantes: esfingidos, murcielagos, abejas y colibries. Los horarios de mayor actividad en las 3 especies de Agave se registraron durante la noche, entre las 21:00 y 03:00 h. La presencia de visitantes diurnos (abejas y colibries) en las inflorescencias abre la posibilidad de que estos tambien actuen como polinizadores. Los polinizadores clasificados como primarios fueron los murcielagos nectarivoros Leptonycteris yerbabuenae, L. nivalis y Choeronycteris mexicana. El polinizador secundario mas comun fue el esfingidos Erinnyis ello. El principal ladron de polen y nectar fue la abeja europea, Apis mellifera, en A. striata, aunque tiene las flores mas pequenas; A. mellifera podria ser considerada como polinizador secundario.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors realizo un estudio faunistico de la comunidad de las aranas de 4 oasis de Baja California Sur, in which 34 families, 130 generos, and 243 especies were captured.
Abstract: Resumen Se realizo un estudio faunistico de la comunidad de las aranas de 4 oasis de Baja California Sur. Los organismos fueron recolectados en ambientes xerico y mesico con trampas de caida y captura manual y por medio de golpeo y con redes de manta. Se capturaron 34 familias, 130 generos y 243 especies que representan el 63.2% de las registradas para la peninsula de Baja California. Un genero y 11 especies son citados por vez primera para Mexico, y 13 generos y 18 especies son nuevos registros para Baja California Sur. Las familias Salticidae (36), Araneidae (29), Theridiidae (27) y Gnaphosidae (24) fueron las de mayor riqueza especifica. En el ambiente xerico se registraron 32 familias, 125 generos y 215 especies, y en el mesico 26 familias, 96 generos y 157 especies, con 128 especies compartidas. Ochenta y siete especies fueron unicas en el ambiente xerico y 29 en el mesico. La complementariedad entre ambientes fue del 47.5%. En el suelo se registraron 28 familias, 89 generos y 144 especies, y en la vegetacion 16 familias, 45 generos y 119 especies. Ambos estratos compartieron 19 especies, 125 especies se registraron solo del suelo y 100 en el matorral con una complementariedad de 92,2%.
TL;DR: Phylogenetic relationships in the genus Helvella were investigated using both LSU rDNA sequences and morphological features, resulting in better-supported clades.
Abstract: Phylogenetic relationships in the genus Helvella were investigated using both LSU rDNA sequences and morphological features. The latter were coded and included in the analyses, resulting in better-supported clades. Helvella is monophyletic and Wynnella is its sister genus. Aporhynchous vs. pleurorhynchous asci are the synapomorphies for the 2 subgenera, Leucomelaenae and Helvella, which were confirmed as natural groups. Other recovered supported clades were section Leucomelaenae in the subgenus Leucomelaenae, and sections Elasticae, Helvella, and Lacunosae within the subgenus Helvella. Generic description, comments on taxonomically informative features, species complexes, and species that need typification are presented.
TL;DR: In this article, an analisis of the riqueza and distribucion of Tigridieae in Norteamerica was performed using 2,769 registros georreferenciados.
Abstract: La tribu Tigridieae (Iridoideae: Iridaceae) es un grupo americano y monoletico. Sus centros de diversificacion se localizan en Mexico y la parte andina de Sudamerica. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue analizar la riqueza y distribucion de Tigridieae en Norteamerica. Para ello, se utilizo una base de datos con 2,769 registros georreferenciados. Mediante sistemas de informacion geografica (SIG) se analizo la riqueza de Tigridieae por division politica, ecorregion y una cuadricula de 45×45 km. Tigridieae esta representada por 66 especies y 7 subespecies. De estas, 54 especies y 7 subespecies son endemicas. Tigridia es el genero mas diverso con 43 especies y 6 subespecies. La riqueza de taxa se concentra en Mexico en los estados de Oaxaca, Mexico y Jalisco. El analisis por ecorregiones muestra al bosque de pino-encino de la Faja Volcanica Transmexicana como la mas diversa con 36 taxa. Por ultimo, la celda mas diversa contiene 14 taxa y se localiza en donde convergen el bosque de pino-encino de la Faja Volcanica Transmexicana, el bosque tropical caducifolio del Bajio y el bosque tropical caducifolio de la cuenca del rio Balsas. Derechos Reservados © 2015 Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Instituto de Biologia. Este es un articulo de acceso abierto distribuido bajo los terminos de la Licencia Creative Commons CC BY-NC-ND 4.0
TL;DR: Se sugiere that la prevalencia, abundancia e intensidad of infeccion of ectoparasitos tambien podrian relacionarse with patrones de conducta social and habitos of refugio.
Abstract: Resumen Se estudio a las moscas parasitas (Diptera: Streblidae) en una comunidad de murcielagos en la cueva de San Francisco, Chiapas. Los datos se obtuvieron entre febrero y agosto de 2013 mediante captura y revision de 569 individuos de 12 especies de murcielagos. Se identificaron 3 especies de moscas: Trichobius joblingi , Metelasmus pseudopterus y Megistopoda aranea ; T. joblingi se presento en 6 especies de murcielagos mostrando los mayores valores de prevalencia y abundancia. En este trabajo se registra por primera vez en Mexico la presencia simultanea de estas 3 especies como parasitos en Artibeus jamaicensis , ademas, la presencia de T. joblingi es un nuevo registro para A. jamaicensis y Pteronotus parnellii en Chiapas. La mayor prevalencia y abundancia de T. joblingi se presento en hembras de Desmodus rotundus y en juveniles de A. jamaicensis , aunque no se encontro diferencia en la intensidad de infeccion, lo que demuestra que las caracteristicas biologicas, como el sexo y la edad de los hospederos, pueden influir en la relacion ectoparasito-hospedero. Se sugiere que la prevalencia, abundancia e intensidad de infeccion de ectoparasitos tambien podrian relacionarse con patrones de conducta social y habitos de refugio.
TL;DR: Nuestro trabajo presenta una revision sobre el estado actual del conocimiento de the quitridiomicosis como uno of los factores causales del declive de las poblaciones de anfibios a nivel mundial and analiza la informacion recabada al momento sobre the presencia of this patogeno in Mexico.
Abstract: Chytridiomycosis is a disease caused by the fungal pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), which affects the skin of amphibians and may cause deathABS. The decline of amphibian populations as a result of the effect of this pathogen occurred simultaneously in various parts of the world from the early 1980's. In Mexico the epidemic wave of Bd was identified in the 1970's, which is consistent with the decline of salamander (caudate) populations in the southern part of the country. Our work presents a review of the state of knowledge of chytridiomycosis as a factor in the decline of amphibian populations worldwide and the information gathered until now of the presence of this pathogen in Mexico. To date, there has been infection in 50 Mexican amphibian species that are mainly distributed in the mountainous regions of central and southern Mexico, and was determined that the families Hylidae and Plethodontidae are the most affected. Several authors have suggested that global climate change has played a key role in the occurrence and virulence of Batrachochytrium because the temperature increase induces an imbalance in the pathogen-host relationship to increased virulence of Bd and/or increased susceptibility to infection in amphibians. On this matter, we analyzed the reported temperatures of 1964-1989 in areas where the decline of caudates was more drastic. We found no relationship between the decline of salamanders with temperature. However, the international trade, the introduction and displacement of the “bullfrog” Lithobates catesbeiana are important factors for the spread of the pathogen.
TL;DR: The principle sheds light on ubiquitous phenomena such as shaping and extinction, helps to explain a variety of otherwise mysterious results found in the published literature on behavior, has possible clinical applications, and plays an important role in the emergence of novel behavior.
Abstract: “When behavior that was recently reinforced is no longer reinforced, other behavior that was reinforced under similar stimulus conditions tends to recur.” This fundamental behavioral principle was first formulated in the early 1900s but subsequently disappeared almost entirely from the scientific literature on behavior. Faced with some puzzling phenomena I had observed in pigeon laboratories in the early 1980s, I formulated this principle as a way of explaining these phenomena. It is notable that the process described by this principle probably played an important role in generating the first occurrence of this principle in my own covert verbal behavior. The principle has considerable explanatory power. It sheds light on ubiquitous phenomena such as shaping and extinction, helps to explain a variety of otherwise mysterious results found in the published literature on behavior, has possible clinical applications, and plays an important role in the emergence of novel behavior.
TL;DR: In this paper, the structure and seasonality variation of phytophagous scarab beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) in the Reserva Campesina La Montana were studied.
Abstract: Dry forests areas in the Caribbean region of Colombia have been deeply impacted lagging far precious few remnants and traces of its original dynamics, so the objective of this research is to study the structure and seasonality variation of phytophagous scarab beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) in the Reserva Campesina La Montana. Nine samples were obtained from January to September 2011. Four points distanced approximately 150 m were marked. In each one, a light trap was settled, for a total of 4 (2 white and 2 violet) operating since 18:00 until 24:00 h. 3,007 individuals and 18 species clustered in 3 subfamilies were collected: Rutelinae (7 species), Melolonthinae (6 species) and Dynastinae (5 species). Melolonthidae were the most abundant and Liogenys quadridens its most abundant specie (1,667 individuals), characterized by an important pest of semestral crops, and wide distribution in the Colombian Caribbean. The highest richness (16) was obtained in May, while April presented higher abundance (1,421), which coincides with the beginning of the rainy season, showing a marked seasonality showed by the analysis of similarity Anosim (R = 0.277, p < 0.003).
TL;DR: 4 types of land use and the preserved forest are able to host a diverse braconid community and a positive relationship between braconids and adult host abundance is detected, even when comparing idio- and koinobionts.
Abstract: The abundance, species richness, similarity and dominance of braconid parasitoid wasps were estimated for 4 types of land use (secondary forest, rubber plantations, living fences and pastures), and remnants of preserved tropical rain forest in southern Mexico. We also analyzed whether specialist (koinobionts) taxa are more negatively affected by forest disturbance than generalists (idiobionts), and whether braconid abundance is correlated with adult host abundance. Braconids were sampled using 3 Malaise traps for each type of land use during March 2010 and May 2011. We collected 143 individuals belonging to 65 species and 15 subfamilies. Species richness and abundance were higher in preserved and secondary forests, than in other types of land use. Although abundance and richness were low in pastures, these sites potentially contain hosts for braconids. We detected no variation in abundance or species richness by land use, even when comparing idio- and koinobionts. The most dominant species belonged to the genera Apanteles (Microgastrinae) and Hetersopilus (Doryctinae) in all land use types, except pasture, where Bracon (Braconinae) dominated. We detected a positive relationship between braconids and adult host abundance. Altogether, the 4 types of land use and the preserved forest are able to host a diverse braconid community.
TL;DR: The authors revisar la confiabilidad y validez de la Escala de Ideacion Suicida de Roberts and el punto de corte conveniente for registrar la presencia of ideación suicida.
Abstract: Se presenta una investigacion cuyos objetivos son revisar la confiabilidad y validez de la Escala de Ideacion Suicida de Roberts y el punto de corte conveniente para registrar la presencia de ideacion suicida. Metodo: A una muestra no aleatoria de 200 hombres (42%) y 276 mujeres (58%), estudiantes del ciclo escolar 2012-2 del Colegio de Ciencias y Humanidades plantel Vallejo, se les aplico el instrumento para la Evaluacion de Ideacion Suicida en Jovenes, integrado por tres secciones; Identificacion personal, Constructos psicologicos e Ideacion Suicida. Se registro la confiabilidad, la validez factorial, convergente y predictiva de la Escala de Ideacion Suicida. Y se identifico el punto de corte adecuado de la escala por medio del registro de sensibilidad y especificidad. Resultados: Confiabilidad de .76, validez factorial con agrupacion de reactivos en un factor, varianza explicada total del 63.4 %; porcentajes adecuados de pronostico al grupo de pertenencia; 70 % al 90 %. Correlacion positiva con variables psicologicas y de identificacion personal asociadas generalmente a la presencia de ideacion suicida. Identificacion de punto de corte correspondiente a la + 5 DE . Conclusiones: La Escala de Ideacion Suicida de Roberts es una opcion adecuada para el registro de la presencia de ideacion suicida, pero se requiere corroborar los resultados encontrados en investigaciones posteriores. Normal 0 21 false false false ES-MX X-NONE X-NONE
TL;DR: In the Mexican Pacific coast, imposex was observed in Plicopurpura pansa, a snail used by indigenous people to dye cotton and traditional fabric clothing, which has the development of male features in female prosobranch gastropods.
Abstract: Imposex is the development of male features in female prosobranch gastropods, caused by organotin compounds. In the Mexican Pacific coast, imposex was observed in Plicopurpura pansa. This snail has been used by indigenous people to dye cotton and traditional fabric clothing. During 2010 and 2011, 5 habitats were visited along the coastline of Nayarit and Sinaloa, Mexico. At low tide, 675 snails were collected. Shell length, sex ratio and imposex incidence were measured. Imposex incidences were higher in the samples collected near harbor areas.
TL;DR: The diversity of anthropogenic spiders in the city of Chilpancingo, Guerrero, Mexico was studied using a systematized collection method in 4 sampling zones: urban with a garden, urban without a garden and suburban, and rural as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: The diversity of anthropogenic spiders in the city of Chilpancingo, Guerrero, Mexico was studied using a systematized collection method in 4 sampling zones: urban with a garden, urban without a garden, suburban, and rural. The total species richness was 63 morphospecies, 49 genera and 21 families. The family Theridiidae had the highest diversity (22 species). The total abundance of spiders was 4,120 individuals, with the highest abundance in the urban zone with a garden (1,163 individuals). The most abundant species were: Physocyclus globosus (1,998 individuals) (Pholcidae), Oecobius navus (1,388) (Oecobidae), Nesticodes rufipes (313) (Theridiidae), Filistatoides sp.1 (83) (Filistatidae), and Dictyna jacalana (52) (Dictynidae). The abundance of spiders found on the first story of the 16 sampled houses was higher than the abundance of spiders found on the second one. The morphospecies richness was higher for spiders from the first story than those from the second one and higher in the rainy season than in the dry season. The highest diversity of spiders was found in the urban zone with a garden, both in the rainy and dry seasons. Based on the Morisita–Horm index, the urban zone with a garden and the suburban zone were the most similar in terms of spider diversity. The species accumulation curves are still a useful tool to evaluate sampling quality and compare inventories of mega-diverse groups, such as spiders.
TL;DR: This is the first study for the benthic diatoms of Isla Guadalupe, and the best represented genus was Mastogloia which has tropical affinity, and Cocconeis thalassiana was also identified, a new species recently recorded for the Mexican Caribbean.
Abstract: Guadalupe Island represents a unique ecosystem. Its volcanic origin and remoteness from the Baja California peninsula have allowed for the successful establishment of its distinctive flora and fauna. However, the difficulty in accessing the island has precluded the study of its biotic communities, mainly the marine ones. Consequently, no studies on benthic or planktonic diatoms have been hitherto published. Thus, the first records of marine benthic diatom species (epiphytic, epilithic, epizoic) from Guadalupe Island in the NW Mexican Pacific are here provided. One hundred and nineteen diatom taxa belonging to the Bacillariophyceae and Fragilariophyceae were identified, including species and varieties. The former with 87 taxa was the most diverse. Thirteen taxa are new records for Mexico; photographic images of these are provided. Because this is the first study for the benthic diatoms of Isla Guadalupe, a particular bio-geographical affinity is not proposed. However, the best represented genus was Mastogloia which has tropical affinity, and Cocconeis thalassiana was also identified, a new species recently recorded for the Mexican Caribbean.
TL;DR: Las mariposas presentaron principalmente el habito alimenticio nectarivoro y en menor porcentaje el acimofago e hidrofilo, corresponde al 28.5% of las especies registradas para Yucatan.
Abstract: Resumen Este estudio presenta la fauna de mariposas en la selva mediana subcaducifolia de la zona sur, municipio de Tzucacab, del estado de Yucatan. Durante la temporada de lluvias, entre mayo y octubre de 2012 se recolectaron mariposas en 18 sitios. Se obtuvo un total de 1,035 individuos pertenecientes a 6 familias, 82 generos y 99 especies; 4 especies representan nuevos registros para Yucatan. La familia Nymphalidae fue la mas diversa con el mayor numero de especies (42), seguida de Hesperiidae (19), Lycaenidae (13) y Pieridae (13), mientras que Riodinidae y Papilionidae tuvieron menor numero (7 y 5, respectivamente). Las mariposas presentaron principalmente el habito alimenticio nectarivoro (41.4%) y en menor porcentaje el acimofago (19.2%) e hidrofilo (1%); el 38.3% presentaron mas de un tipo de habito alimenticio. La riqueza de mariposas encontrada en esta area de estudio corresponde al 28.5% de las especies registradas para Yucatan.
TL;DR: This work reviewed databases of scientific collections, taxonomy, and published herpetological lists to produce the most recent updated list of amphibian and reptile species in the Lacandona rainforest (35 amphibians and 90 reptiles).
Abstract: The Lacandona rainforest represents one of the most diverse Mexican tropical wet forests. Although some studies have described the amphibians and reptiles of the region, most herpetological lists come from the northern part of the Lacandona, and there are no confirmed records for many of the expected species. We reviewed databases of scientific collections, taxonomy, and published herpetological lists to produce the most recent updated list of amphibian and reptile species in the region (35 amphibians and 90 reptiles). Furthermore, based on recent inventories (2007–2013) we establish 40 range extensions of 8 amphibians and 32 reptiles for the southeastern part of the Lacandona rainforest. Four out of these 40 records confirmed the occurrence of Dermophis mexicanus, Eleutherodactylus leprus, Pantherophis flavirufus, and Bothriechis schlegelii in the region.
TL;DR: In this article, a modelo de the distribucion potencial del habitat adecuado for 47 especies, mediante la aplicación del metodo MaxEnt for the prediccion of Guerrero's geografica, was presented.
Abstract: Resumen Guerrero es el cuarto estado mas biodiverso en Mexico, incluyendo 930 especies de vertebrados en su territorio. Sin embargo, ha mostrado una perdida significativa de habitats naturales originales. Se hace evidente la necesidad de generar informacion sobre los procesos involucrados en perdida de habitats naturales, asi como identificar los impactos que tienen tales perdidas sobre la distribucion de especies. Se generaron modelos de la distribucion potencial del habitat adecuado para 47 especies, mediante la aplicacion del metodo MaxEnt para la prediccion de su distribucion geografica y se refinaron, a su vez, a modelos de la distribucion actual de habitats adecuados. Se analizo la relacion entre la amplitud de la distribucion potencial de habitats adecuados y la proporcion de habitat natural remanente para cada especie, tanto a nivel estatal (Guerrero) como nacional (Mexico), y se identificaron zonas de Guerrero necesarias para alcanzar metas fijas de conservacion de las especies. Los resultados no mostraron una correlacion significativa entre la amplitud de la distribucion potencial de habitats adecuados de las especies y las areas remanentes de habitats originales a nivel estatal o nacional. De hecho, existen diferencias significativas en las proporciones de habitat remanente entre ambas escalas. Esto sugiere que la escala es un factor importante para establecer estrategias de conservacion para las mismas especies a nivel local, regional o nacional.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors evaluated the RESILience Scale (READ) with a sample of Mexican adolescents living in the Metropolitan zone of Guadalajara (Mexico) and concluded that the READ in Spanish is a valid measure for the Mexican context.
Abstract: Given the impact of resilience in youth´s personal and social development, it is important to concentrate efforts in building or adapting instruments that can evaluate resilience with validity and reliability. To date, there is no adequate instrument that evaluates resilience with the population of Mexican adolescents in Spanish language. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the Resilience Scale (READ) with a sample of Mexican adolescents. Participants were 840 adolescents living in the Metropolitan zone of Guadalajara (Mexico). Factor, exploratory and confirmatory analyses were conducted, and the convergent and divergent validity of the scale was also evaluated. Results are similar to other validation studies of the READ, with the difference of a new factor arising related to goal-orientation and which was probably derived due to the cultural differences of the population. The findings conclude that the READ in Spanish is a valid measure for the Mexican context. Implications are discussed.