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Showing papers in "Russian Chemical Bulletin in 1966"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The reaction of primary alcohols with formalin or paraformaldehyde initiated by t-butyl peroxide in a glass apparatus under atmospheric pressure leads to the formation of alkane-1,2-diols as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: The reaction of primary alcohols with formalin or paraformaldehyde initiated by t-butyl peroxide in a glass apparatus under atmospheric pressure leads to the formation of alkane-1,2-diols.

17 citations



Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the phase equilibria were established in the system Yb2O3-Al 2O3 and the properties of rare earth aluminates were compared.
Abstract: 1. The phase equilibria were established in the system Yb2O3-Al2O3. 2. The properties of the rare earth aluminates were compared. 3. The investigations indicated refractory qualities of the rare earth aluminates, high hardness, density, and chemical stability.

14 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the reactions of pyrimidinethiols and pyridinols with 2-chloroethanol and 2 -chloro-1-propanol 2-(pyrimidinylthio)alkanols and N-(hydroxyalkyl)pyriminones are formed.
Abstract: In the reactions of pyrimidinethiols and pyrimidinols with 2-chloroethanol and 2-chloro-1-propanol 2-(pyrimidinylthio)alkanols and N-(hydroxyalkyl)pyrimidinones are formed.

9 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The rate constant of the trimolecular process N+H2+M →NH 2+M was measured at various temperatures and pressures as discussed by the authors, and the rate constant was shown to be constant at the same temperature and pressure.
Abstract: 1. The rate constant of the trimolecular process N+H2+M →NH2+M was measured at various temperatures and pressures. 2. Ammonia is one of the secondary products of the reaction of nitrogen atoms with molecular hydrogen.

8 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the kinetics of desorption of water vapors from molded zeolites NaA and NaX was investigated under vacuum and from a flow of carrier gas.
Abstract: 1. The kinetics of the desorption of water vapors from molded zeolites NaA and NaX was investigated under vacuum and from a flow of carrier gas. Under nonisothermal conditions, desorption in the initial stage is determined chiefly by the rate of heating of the sample. After equalization of the temperature of the grain and that of the surrounding medium, desorption proceeds slowly, and the rate of the process is determined by the rate of diffusion within the grain. 2. The rate of desorption in a flow of carrier gas is lower than under vacuum. At high rates of flow, this difference, due to the difference in the diffusion coefficients in the secondary pores, decreases with increasing temperature and becomes inconsequential at a temperature of 300–350°.

7 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the dependence of the rate of combustion of ammonium perchlorate on the pressure, temperature, particle size, density, and ammonium chloride added to the mixture was studied.
Abstract: The dependence of the rate of combustion of ammonium perchlorate on the pressure, temperature, particle size, density, and addition of ammonium chloride was studied, and a mechanism of the combustion of ammonium perchlorate was formulated on the basis of the principles obtained

7 citations



Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The splitting constant of the nitrogen triplet in the EPR spectrum of an aqueous solution of the radical is 16.2 oe as discussed by the authors, which is the smallest constant known.
Abstract: 1. A method for the synthesis of a new water-soluble organic radical with a primary amino group has been developed. 2. The splitting constant of the nitrogen triplet in the EPR spectrum of an aqueous solution of the radical is 16.2 oe.

6 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The standard heat of formation of trimethyl and triamyl phosphate and the dibutyl ester of butylphosphinic acid were calculated in this paper, and a linear dependence of the standard heat on the empirical parameter Σσ and the molecular weight was established.
Abstract: 1. The heats of combustion and standard heats of formation of tributyl and tripropyl phosphate, the butyl ester of dibutylphosphinic acid, and tributylphosphine oxide were determined. 2. A linear dependence of the standard heat of formation on the empirical parameter Σσ and the molecular weight was established in the series tributylphosphine oxide-tributyl phosphate and triethyl phosphate-tributyl phosphate. 3. The standard heats of formation of trimethyl and triamyl phosphate and the dibutyl ester of butylphosphinic acid were calculated.

6 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that the volume of the transitional and micropores increases severalfold during the process of activation to a combustion loss of ∼ 35%, and that the total volume of micropore is more than 20 times as great as that of transitional pores.
Abstract: 1. Sucrose, carbonized to the temperature of activation (850°), possesses a substantial volume of micropores inaccessible to most molecules to be adsorbed. 2. During the process of activation to a combustion loss of ∼ 35%, the volume of the transitional and micropores increases severalfold. However, the total volume of the micropores is more than 20 times as great as the volume of the transitional pores. 3. The dimensions of the micropores (radii of inertia 6–7 A) vary little within the investigated interval of combustion losses. 4. During the process of activation, two stages are distinctly revealed. In the first stage, the total volume of the micropores increases on account of burnout of the reactive amorphous mass, chiefly in the form of radicals. In the second stage, the increase in their volume results from the appearance of new micropores, formed in the burnout of the crystallites.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The complete structure of kalopanax saponin B, a pentaoside of hederagenin isolated from the roots of Kalops septemlobum (Aralia family) was established as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: The complete structure of kalopanax saponin B — a pentaoside of hederagenin isolated from the roots ofKalopanax septemlobum (Aralia family) — was established

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In the aromatic series, the decarboxylation of mercuric arenecarboxylates goes much less readily due to the introduction of a substituent into the aromatic nucleus.
Abstract: 1. Under the action of peroxides or UV radiation mercuric alkanoates undergo initiated free-radical decarboxylation with formation of alkylmercury compounds. 2. For the lower alkanoates — mercuric acetate and propionate — the decarboxylation reaction has a chain character and provides a convenient method for the synthesis of organomercury compounds, particularly (alkanoyloxy) methylmercurys. 3. In the aromatic series the decarboxylation of mercuric salts goes much less readily. The introduction of a substituent into the aromatic nucleus hinders the decarboxylation of mercuric arenecarboxylates. 4. Mercurous carboxylates react with peroxy compounds with formation of organomercury compounds. The reaction is of preparative interest and can be applied for the fixation of free radicals in the liquid phase.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the reaction of trialkyl halosilanes with triethyl phosphite at high temperatures (155-180°) goes with formation mainly of silyl-substituted tervalent phosphorus derivatives, which readily combine with sulfur and undergo Arbuzov reaction with ethyl bromide.
Abstract: 1. The reaction of bromotriethylsilane with triethyl phosphite at high temperatures (155–180°) goes with formation mainly of silyl-substituted tervalent phosphorus derivatives, which readily combine with sulfur and undergo Arbuzov reaction with ethyl bromide. 2. In the reactions of trialkylhalosilanes with sodium diethyl phosphite the products are not quinquevalent phosphorus compounds containing the Si-P bond as was supposed earlier, but the isomeric tervalent phosphorus compounds containing the Si-O-P link. 3. The thione-thiol isomerization of Si-P was effected in presence of ethyl bromide.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The interaction of the iodomethylated copolymer of styrene and divinylbenzene with amides of α-amino acids was studied, and anion exchange resins were produced on the basis of these compounds, and their properties were studied as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: 1 The interaction of the iodomethylated copolymer of styrene and divinylbenzene with amides ofα-amino acids was studied, anion exchange resins were produced on the basis of these compounds, and their properties were studied 2 Amphoteric ion exchange resins were produced by hydrolysis of the amide groups on the resin 3 Optically active ion exchange-resins with L-leucinamide and L-leucine as the ionogenic groups were synthesized, and the possibility of separation of racemic amygdalic acid with their aid was demonstrated

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The mechanism of the formation of zirconates during coprecipitation from salt solutions is the same for all the rare earth oxides that were investigated in this paper, and the investigated oxides, with the exception of Ce2Zr2O7, are stable to heating in air.
Abstract: 1. The mechanism of the formation of zirconates during coprecipitation from salt solutions is the same for all the rare earth oxides that we investigated. The height of the peaks of the first exothermic effect, due to the crystallization of the rare earth zirconate from an amorphous coprecipitation product, decreases in the series La2O3→ (CeO2) → Pr2O3 → Nd2O3 → Sm2O3 → Y2O3 → Yb2O3. This corresponds to a decrease in the reactivity of the indicated oxides with respect to zirconium dioxide. 2. Zirconium dioxide apparently forms compounds Ln2Zr2O7 (where Ln is a rare earth element), with pyrochlore structure, with all the oxides of the trivalent rare earth elements. 3. The investigated zirconates, with the exception of Ce2Zr2O7, are stable to heating in air. 4. The physicochemical properties of the rare earth zirconates: lattice parameter, x-ray density, specific gravity, index of refraction, and melting point, are closely dependent upon the atomic number and upon the ionic radius of the rare earth element.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the dissociation constants of p-, m-, and o-ferrocenylbenzoic acids, ferrocenecarboxylic acid, and p-ferricenylphenol were determined.
Abstract: 1. The dissociation constants of p-, m-, and o-ferrocenylbenzoic acids, ferrocenecarboxylic acid, and p-ferrocenylphenol were determined, along with the basicity constants of p-, m-, and o-ferrocenylanilines and ferrocenylamine. 2. The values of the σ constants for ferrocenyl as a substituent in the phenyl ring were calculated. 3. The nature of certain electronic effects of ferrocenyl as a substituent was studied. Ferrocenyl exhibits a strong positive inductive effect and a weak positive conjugation effect.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a vapor phase catalytic method was proposed for the preparation of difficultly accessible pyridine ketones over a ZrO2 or 15 mol.% ZRO2-Al2O3 catalyst, which has very good stability.
Abstract: 1. A vapor-phase catalytic method is proposed for the preparation of difficultly accessible pyridine ketones over a ZrO2 or 15 mol.% ZrO2-Al2O3 catalyst, which has very good stability. 2. With increase in the molecular weight of the fatty acid the yield of ketone falls, and the yield of pyridine rises. 3. By the catalytic coketonization of ethyl nicotinate and isonicotinate with acetic, propionic, butyric, and valeric acids at a molar ratio of 1 ∶ 4 at 450–460°, 3- and 4-acetyl-, 3- and 4-propionyl-, 3- and 4-butyryl-, and 3- and 4-valerylpyridines were isolated in good yields.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The interaction of perfluoroisobutylene oxide with ammonia and dimethylamine leads to the formation of α-aminoperfluorois-obutyric acids as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: 1. The interaction of perfluoroisobutylene oxide with ammonia and dimethylamine leads to dimethylamides ofα-aminoperfluoroisobutyric acids. 2. The isomerization of perfluoroisobutylene oxide is a convenient comparative method for the production of perfluoroisobutyryl fluorides.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Water participates in the decomposition reaction of sodium acetate, forming the source of the methane hydrogen atoms as mentioned in this paper, and is the main source of hydrogen atoms in the hydrogen atoms.
Abstract: Water participates in the methane decomposition reaction of sodium acetate, forming the source of the methane hydrogen atoms.


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, an analysis was made of the experimental isotherms of the adsorption of cyclohexane, benzene, and pyridine vapors on activated charcoals for temperatures from 20 to 140° and a broad interval of equilibrium pressures.
Abstract: 1. From the standpoint of the theory of volume filling of microporous adsorbents, an analysis was made of the experimental isotherms of the adsorption of cyclohexane, benzene, and pyridine vapors on activated charcoals for temperatures from 20 to 140° and a broad interval of equilibrium pressures. The investigated activated charcoals represented different types of microporous structures. 2. For the adsorption of cyclohexane and benzene, the temperature invariance of the characteristic curves and their correspondence to the characteristic equation for microporous hydrocarbon adsorbents are well confirmed experimentally. The peculiarities of the adsorption of pyridine were discussed. 3. The basic principles of the difference in the microporous structures of activated charcoals and the peculiarities of the filling of the adsorption space by the adsorbed molecules were considered.


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the kinetics and composition of the products of coupled oxidation of propylene and acetaldehyde were studied at the temperature 75° and the pressure 50 atm at the same time.
Abstract: 1. The kinetics and composition of the products of coupled oxidation of propylene and acetaldehyde were studied at the temperature 75° and the pressure 50 atm. 2. Propylene oxide and acetic acid are final products of the reaction; propylene glycol monoacetate is formed parallel with propylene oxide. 3. The basic epoxiding agents in the process of coupled oxidation of propylene and acetaldehyde are acetyl peroxide radicals . The reactions of formation of propylene oxide and propylene glycol ester represent a second direction of the reaction of chain propagation, which parallels the reaction of RO2+ with acetaldehyde.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, anionic copolymerization of vinyltrimethylsilane with styrene was conducted in the presence of butyllithium, and copolymers were obtained from the indicated monomers.
Abstract: 1. The anionic copolymerization of vinyltrimethylsilane with styrene was conducted in the presence of butyllithium, and copolymers were obtained from the indicated monomers. 2. The relative activity of the pair styrene-vinyltrimethylsilane in the process of anionic copolymerization was investigated. The constant of the relative activity of styrene is 5.7±0.03, while that of vinyltrimethylsilane is 0.06±0.01.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The existence of sodium peroxide monohydrate Na2O2 · H2O was not confirmed as mentioned in this paper, and some properties of the latter were studied, but the existence of such a substance is not confirmed.
Abstract: 1 The dehydration of sodium peroxide octahydrate gave sodium peroxide dihydrate Na2O2 · 2H2O, and some of the properties of the latter were studied 2 The existence of sodium peroxide monohydrate Na2O2 · H2O was not confirmed

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the adsorption properties of crystalline zeolites CaA and NaX with respect to vapors of various substances were studied in the region of relatively high degrees of filling.
Abstract: 1. The adsorption properties of crystalline zeolites CaA and NaX with respect to vapors of various substances were studied in the region of relatively high degrees of filling. 2. The limiting values of the adsorption of vapors of various substances correspond to volume filling of the zeolite cavities by molecules of the substances to be adsorbed. 3. The molar volumes of maximally adsorbed substances are practically the same for CaA and NaX zeolites. Depending on the nature of the substances to be adsorbed, they may be close to or differ substantially from the molar volumes of normal liquids. 4. A specific peculiarity of microporous adsorbents of different kinds in comparison with coarsepored adsorbents was demonstrated for the example of the adsorption of argon.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the kinetics of trans-β-chlorovinylmercury chloride with iodine were studied in nonpolar solvents-carbon tetrachlorine and benzene.
Abstract: 1. The kinetics of the reaction of trans-β-chlorovinylmercury chloride with iodine was studied in nonpolar solvents-carbon tetrachlorine and benzene. 2. In nonpolar solvents the reaction proceeds without conservation of the geometrical configuration. Each of the isomers ofβ-chlorovinylmercury chloride gives the same equimolar mixture of trans- and cis-1,2-chloroiodoethylenes.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the industrial catalyst Ni/kieselguhr with 50% Ni catalyzes the reduction of p-chloronitrobenzene to pchloroaniline in an autoclave under a pressure of 50-100 atm with a yield of up to 99% under optimum conditions.
Abstract: 1. The industrial catalyst Ni/kieselguhr with 50% Ni catalyzes the reduction of p-chloronitrobenzene to p-chloroaniline in an autoclave under a pressure of 50–100 atm with a yield of up to 99% under optimum conditions. The catalyst is deactivated during operation as a result of of the influence of the HCl partially formed upon it. 2. When this catalyst is used in a flow-type apparatus under atmospheric pressure, it is found that under optimum conditions the reaction proceeds to an extent of 64% with 0.8% splitting out of HCl. 3. An investigation of powdered nickel as a catalyst for the reduction of p-chloronitrobenzene indicated that when experiments are conducted in an autoclave it is inactive, while in a flow-type apparatus at atmospheric pressure, up to 88% p-chloroaniline can be obtained with 0.4–0.9% splitting out of HCl. 4. An alloy of Ni — Cu (1 ∶ 1) proved inactive for the investigated reaction when the experiments were conducted in an autoclave; in a flow-type catalytic apparatus at atmospheric pressure, the yield of pchloroaniline did not exceed 25%.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The use of active additives (anhydrous sodium carbonate, sodium metasilicate, and carboxymethylcellulose) with the alkylarenesulfonates obtained leads to considerable increase in the detergent effect of the aqueous solutions of the latter as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: 1. Alkyltetralinsulfonates with an alkyl group of compositions C9, C10–C11, or C12 and alkyltoluenesulfonates with an alkyl group of composition C10–C11 have surface-active properties. 2. It was shown that surface-active substances can be prepared from alkanes. 3. The use of active additives (anhydrous sodium carbonate, sodium metasilicate, and carboxymethylcellulose) with the alkylarenesulfonates obtained leads to considerable increase in the detergent effect of the aqueous solutions of the latter.