Showing papers in "Safety Science in 1997"

TL;DR: It is argued that risk management must be modelled by cross-disciplinary studies, considering risk management to be a control problem and serving to represent the control structure involving all levels of society for each particular hazard category, and that this requires a system-oriented approach based on functional abstraction rather than structural decomposition.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors developed a measure of perception and attitudes about safety as an indicator of safety culture for use with working populations, which was distributed in a self-administered form to 1560 workers in a wide variety of types of jobs.

TL;DR: Data is summarized from ten studies examining the relationship between organizational and workplace factors and injury rates and variables ‘consistency’ associated with lower injury rates were empowerment of the workforce; delegation of safety activities; and an active role of top management.

TL;DR: This paper shows that one way of using the traffic conflict technique effectively is to ensure that conflicts are quantitatively defined, objectively measured and suitably applied.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present work in progress on the Southampton Driver Simulator on driver workload and the driver's ability to reclaim control from the Adaptive Cruise Control system in a malignant scenario.

TL;DR: This paper presents a framework within which the total activity of an SMS can be presented using a consistent descriptive language and aims to provide an abstract ordering of the field which can clarify and specify research and policy needs for the future.

TL;DR: Four key features associated with the subcontracting of work have been identified as crucial influences on the OHS of subcontractors: economic and reward factors, disorganisation, inadequate regulatory controls, and the ability of workers to organise to protect themselves.

TL;DR: Findings suggest that public policy issues relating to occupational health and safety in the construction industry may need to be focussed on small to medium sized firms rather than large firms.

TL;DR: In this article, a set of nine Human Reliability Assessment (HRA) quantification techniques are reviewed and compared to historical data, or some other form of benchmark, to see how accurate the predictions are.

TL;DR: Accident reports from the 1230 work-related single fatalities in the years 1989, 1990, and 1992 were collected and analyzed to reveal the significant factors contributing to such fatalities, and it was discovered that industry and age were the main significant factors.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigate the compliance experiences of small businesses and find that small business employers are becoming increasingly reliant on their accountant to provide a range of compliance advisory services, including occupational health and safety.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the nature of work practices involved in these fatalities and their relationship to subsequent behavioural events in the accident sequence, finding that the most common work practices were those associated with procedures, either originating from management or individual practices.

TL;DR: In this article, a step-by-step approach to better work, aimed at reducing physical workload among scaffolders, is evaluated, based on a strong commitment of the management in the enterprise.

TL;DR: Evaluating the outcomes of training in a method of manual handling of people, Dotte's Manutention method, which claims to decrease back strain and effort in carers found a clear pattern of declining incidence of nurses' back pain for the nurses trained in ManutENTION and increasing incidence in the other two homes.

TL;DR: Two techniques are described: a formal expert judgement technique to establish quantitative subjective expert assessments on design and model parameters and a system failure analysis technique which uses operational evidence of system failures to derive the system failure probability of the system as a whole.

TL;DR: This occupational injury problem ought to be handled in the same way as other occupational safety problems, i.e. protective equipment in a vehicle should be used and the use of safe vehicles should be encouraged.

TL;DR: In this article, a case study of an aluminium plant, covering ten years, is presented, where an upgrade of the plant's management system based on IC principles from the offshore industry, was integrated part of this program.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors explore underlying understandings of risk in OHS that produce conflicting risk judgements and explore the implications of these understandings for occupational injury prevention strategies in an Australian blue-collar, small business industry.

TL;DR: In this article, new techniques in uncertainty analysis are illustrated with simplified examples from recent applications of interest for safety science, such as BLEVE (boiling liquid expanding vapor explosions) models, satellite life distributions, dispersion coefficients and modeling contamination in food chains.

TL;DR: The Safety Science Group at Delft University as discussed by the authors was created to address the question as to whether a separate discipline could offer extra value to the teaching and research of the technical faculties, mirroring discussions in companies and government about the necessity of separate departments with a specific safety function.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors trained undergraduate engineering students of the University of Ballarat in creative thinking based on de Bono's Six Thinking Hats method and tested their ability to generate solutions and make decisions about hazard control options.

TL;DR: In this article, the effectiveness of explicitness in warnings provided with children's products was investigated, and the results indicated that with explicit warnings, subjects perceived the products investigated as more hazardous and the possible injuries as more severe.

TL;DR: This article reviews three of the most commonly-used sincerity of effort tests and investigates their accuracy and reliability.

TL;DR: The main elements of the West Jutland Study on the Prevention of Farm Accidents were presented in four separate papers at the 1996 Occupational Injury Symposium in Sydney, Australia as discussed by the authors.

TL;DR: A broad-brush overview of developments in transport safety is given in this paper, which indicates a number of trends in the development of transport systems, taking into account operational and technological, institutional, and policy-making perspectives.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors suggest that more controlled and consistent production processes are likely to remove, or reduce, the need for post-production quality control using vibrating hand-held grinding, sanding and polishing tools.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors present evidence for and against risk compensation among Finnish loggers as regards the use of personal protectors, and conclude that the change in behaviour when using protectors does not entirely nullify the protecting effect of protectors.