Showing papers in "Schizophrenia Research in 2011"
••
TL;DR: Life-expectancy was much shorter in persons with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder, and excess mortality from physical diseases and medical conditions exerts a far greater influence on the curtailed life-ex expectancy, when compared against the impact of death by external causes.
426 citations
••
TL;DR: The meta-analyses revealed overlapping GM and WM structural findings in schizophrenia, characterized by bilateral anterior cortical, limbic and subcortical GM abnormalities, and WM changes in regions including tracts that connect these structures within and between hemispheres.
405 citations
••
TL;DR: A systematic review of long-term studies of depot antipsychotic drugs in outpatients with schizophrenia was conducted in this article, where data on relapse, rehospitalization, non-adherence, and dropout due to any reason, inefficacy of treatment and adverse events were summarised in a meta-analysis using a random-effects model.
367 citations
••
TL;DR: The results indicate that resting-state networks are differentially affected in schizophrenia, and the alterations are characterized by reduced segregation between the default mode and executive control networks in the prefrontal cortex and temporal lobe, and reduced connectivity in the dorsal attention andExecutive control networks.
327 citations
••
TL;DR: The results suggest that the PQ-B may be used as an effective, efficient self-report screen for prodromal psychosis syndromes when followed by diagnostic interview, in a two-stage evaluation process in help-seeking populations.
305 citations
••
TL;DR: The results suggest that, in addition to reducing classic psychotic symptoms, oxytocin may diminish certain social cognition deficits that are not improved by current antipsychotic medications.
280 citations
••
TL;DR: A substantial proportion of patients in first-episode psychosis commit an act of violence before presenting for treatment, including a number who commit an acts of more serious violence causing injury to another person, but severe violence resulting in serious or permanent injury to the victim is uncommon in this population.
267 citations
••
TL;DR: Results suggest that multiple separable dimensions of social cognition can be identified in psychosis, and these factors show distinct patterns of correlation with clinical features and functional outcome.
261 citations
••
TL;DR: Results indicate that the CAINS is a promising new measure for quantifying negative symptoms in clinical neuroscience and treatment studies.
257 citations
••
TL;DR: The study provides strong evidence for a specific defect of hippocampus interneurons in schizophrenia and has implications for emerging models of hippocampal dysfunction in schizophrenia.
245 citations
••
United States Department of Veterans Affairs1, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior2, University of Maryland, Baltimore3, National Institutes of Health4, University of California, Los Angeles5, University of Kansas6, Duke University7, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center8, Harvard University9
TL;DR: The cognitive profile findings provide a standard to which future studies can compare results from other schizophrenia samples and related disorders; the classification results point to specific areas and levels of cognitive impairment that may advance work rehabilitation efforts.
••
TL;DR: The detection of individuals with poor functioning at follow-up, against a background of previously identified risk factors for psychotic disorder, may yield a valid group in which to study biomarkers and treatment of schizophrenia.
••
TL;DR: An example, involving a neurodevelopmental imbalance in excitatory/inhibitory neural systems leading to impaired neural plasticity, is discussed; this imbalance could result from a variety of genetic, epigenetic and environmental causes as well as pathophysiological processes such as inflammation and oxidative stress.
••
TL;DR: Both the results of this study and the possible explanations have significant implications for early detection and intervention in the pre-psychotic phase and for designing future treatments.
••
TL;DR: Although the observed effects are subtle, using high cannabidiol content cannabis was associated with significantly lower degrees of psychotic symptoms providing further support for the antipsychotic potential of cannABidiol.
••
TL;DR: Study results suggest theory of mind serves as an important mediator in addition to previously investigated social cognitive domains of emotional and social perception, and negative symptoms and social competence demonstrated significant direct paths with self-reported functioning.
••
TL;DR: Results are consistent with literature suggesting that clinical objective recovery is not synonymous with personal subjective recovery yet can be conceptualized as complementary and suggested that the impact of social support and loneliness upon self-reported recovery was mediated by quality of life.
••
TL;DR: In the context of a 29-site antipsychotic trial in stable outpatients with schizophrenia, the MCCB is sensitive to cognitive deficits in all domains, demonstrates excellent test-retest reliability and small practice effects, and is strongly correlated with a leading measure of functional capacity.
••
TL;DR: This is the first study to assess cognition and functional outcomes using MCCB, SAS II and MSIF, and it is found that work/education functioning is predicted by working memory performance and negative symptoms; residential status (independent living) is expected to be predicted by verbal memory scores; and social functions are predicted by social cognition, attention andnegative symptoms.
••
TL;DR: The data suggest a hybrid conceptualization model with a representation of cases with prototypic schizophrenia or bipolar disorder at the extremes, but a large group of patients on the continuum between them that traditionally would be considered schizoaffective.
••
TL;DR: Epigenetic dysregulation of HTR2A may contribute to SCZ, BD and earlier age of disease onset and further research is required to delineate the Dysregulation of other components of serotoninergic pathway to design new therapeutics based on the downstream effects of serotonin.
••
TL;DR: The 'resting state hypotheses' of AVH suggest that AVH may be traced back to abnormally elevated resting state activity in auditory cortex itself, abnormal modulation of the auditory cortex by anterior cortical midline regions as part of the default-mode network, and neural confusion between auditory cortical resting state changes and stimulus-induced activity.
••
TL;DR: Tentatively, cognition may be prognostic in EP, especially for longer-term outcomes; further research that addresses the methodological issues identified, including examination of social cognition and other non-cognitive predictors, is needed.
••
TL;DR: Stress was the only significant predictor for both symptom measures and that the relationship was not moderated by self-esteem, and psychosocial interventions targeted at reducing stress levels and improving resilience in this population may be beneficial in improving outcomes.
••
TL;DR: This pilot study examined loving-kindness meditation with 18 participants with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders and significant negative symptoms to indicate that the intervention was feasible and associated with decreased negative symptoms and increased positive emotions and psychological recovery.
••
TL;DR: The findings suggest that a stable social life with normal social functioning has a predictive value for good outcome, and that, after first-episode psychosis, some patients can still experience psychotic symptoms, but have a job and a fairly stable life.
••
TL;DR: This study indicated that UHR patients who later converted to psychosis performed more poorly on tasks involving social cognition and neurocognition than did those who did not convert, suggesting that deficits can serve as specific markers to predict the development of psychosis.
••
TL;DR: Half of young adolescents meeting UHR criteria continue to experience prodromal or psychotic symptoms after 2 years, however, they are at least three times more likely to have remitted from their UHR status than to have made a transition to psychosis.
••
TL;DR: The studies reporting remission rates suggest that UHR criteria capture a non-negligible proportion of subjects that do not convert to psychosis, which illustrates that the long-term outcome of UHR subjects thatDo not develop psychosis is to date under-investigated.
••
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present and quality assess current evidence for non-genetic risk factors and putative antecedents derived from well-conducted systematic reviews that report pooled data.