Showing papers in "Science & Justice in 2022"

TL;DR: In this article, a literature search was performed in Medline, CINAHL, Scopus, individual journals, grey literature and google search with assessment based on their content and significance.

TL;DR: In this paper , the authors examined all cases of female homicide encountered at the Institute of Legal Medicine of Milan (Italy) spanning from 1999 to 2019; data from 2020/2021 were shown separately given the bias that the forced cohabitation and stay at home during the lockdowns of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic may represent regarding violence against women and femicide.

TL;DR: In this paper , the authors focus on the discussion of pedagogy, access, and ethics surrounding digital osteology, using three online resources (3D MMS, MapMorph, and J-Skel) as case studies.

TL;DR: DecDecolonising the Curriculum (DtC) as discussed by the authors seeks to question and dismantle colonial structures of knowledge and support contextualisation to broaden, rather than narrow, the curricula.

TL;DR: The Digital Forensic Workflow Model (DFWM) as mentioned in this paper is an approach to the structuring and definition of the procedures and tasks involved in the digital forensic investigation process starting from the initial 'Review of Client Requirements & Planning' stage, right through to the 'Evaluation of Deployed Workflow' stage.

TL;DR: The International Cold Case Analysis Project (ICCAP) learning objectives were to collect the necessary information about the victim, reconstruct the crime, and investigate trace control as mentioned in this paper , and 76 participating students from the German and International ICCAP teams were asked to complete a pre- and post-review questionnaire to self-assess their personal competence development.

TL;DR: In this paper , the adoption of a subject-specific, classroom-based, voluntary extra-curricular student mentoring scheme could provide an effective mechanism and andragogic approach to enhance higher education students' employability potential pre-graduation.

TL;DR: In this article , the authors argue that machine learning techniques (ML) may enhance the biological sex determination on trans-population application and demonstrate the capability of enhancing sex estimation using ML on an independent population sample however, differences in the underlying probability distribution generated by models were detected.

TL;DR: In this paper , the authors discuss the structure of a Bayesian network, elaborates on the in-and output data and evaluates two examples, one using source level propositions and one using activity level propositions, which can be applied as a template to construct a case specific network and can be used to assess sensitivity of the target output to different factors.

TL;DR: In this paper, an extensive review of common impurities and adulterants encountered in cocaine is presented, based on their incidence, concentration in the end product and compatibility with GC-MS methods, their overall usefulness as candidates for the statistical investigation of existing forensic data is evaluated.

TL;DR: In this paper , an extensive review of common impurities and adulterants encountered in cocaine is presented, based on their incidence, concentration in the end product and compatibility with GC-MS methods, their overall usefulness as candidates for the statistical investigation of existing forensic data is evaluated.

TL;DR: A review of the most recent advancements in the forensic analysis of biological fluids, fingermarks and hair can be found in this article , where a focus is placed on analytical methods that can expand the information obtained from the trace beyond what is achieved in the usual practices.

TL;DR: In this article , a database of cosmetic foundations on different materials and to access the robustness of using Near-infrared with chemometrics as a non-destructive technique to identify unknown samples collected from a crime scene.

TL;DR: In this article , the accumulated degree day (ADD) model was applied for the post-mortem interval estimation on wolf cadavers for the first time, and a total of 20 coleopteran species and 14 different dipteran species were discovered and identified.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors provide an overview of recent research on latent fingerprint evidence featured in reported legal decisions from England and Wales, Australia and New Zealand, and cast doubts on the effectiveness of adversarial criminal procedure.

TL;DR: In this paper , a 3D laser scanner point cloud, projective geometry, and processing of video footage from moving vehicle camera is used for forensic reconstruction of traffic situations from vehicle video.

TL;DR: In this paper , the authors present an analysis of two approaches used in consecutive years on two modules, a traditional flipped learning approach "standard learning" where material is released weekly online and there are supporting tutorials and an end-term assessment; and a structured active learning strategy where a more scaffolded approach is applied, requiring participation to progress.

TL;DR: In this paper , the effects of Parkinsonism and medication used for its treatment on handwriting were investigated. And the results showed significant changes in most of the characteristics in both affected writings of majority of participants as compared to their corresponding earlier writings.

TL;DR: In this article , the authors examine an active learning approach to using simulated crime scenes to provide an impactful learning experience for students in forensic science undergraduate courses, and discuss best practices for using such high impact activities.

TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of Parkinsonism and medication used for its treatment on handwriting were investigated. And the results showed significant changes in most of the characteristics in both affected writings of majority of participants as compared to their corresponding earlier writings.

TL;DR: In this paper , the authors investigated potential strategies for rapid detection of seed-based toxins and seed mashes containing these toxins using chemical signatures obtained by direct analysis in real-time mass spectrometry (DART-MS).

TL;DR: In this paper , the authors investigated strength of agreement between three expert footprint examiners' overlay comparisons of ten reference insole footprints using Cohen's weighted kappa (Kw), and explored the validity of method was explored using measures of sensitivity, specificity, false positive rate (FPR), false negative rates (FNR), receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and area under the ROC curve (AUC).

TL;DR: The Forensic Science Regulator Act 2021 as mentioned in this paper provides new statutory powers for the FSR of England and Wales to penalise forensic science providers who remain unaccredited or fall below published standards.

TL;DR: In this article , the reliability of post-mortem interval (PMI) information sources was evaluated using the 3x5 aspects of the UK police National Intelligence Model (NIM) to determine the confidence level associated with each source.

TL;DR: In this article , a study was conducted using an online activity to compare the comprehension scores of students educated using 2D textbook style images or 3D models on Sketchfab, and the results showed that the use of 3D images was not detrimental to comprehension.

TL;DR: In this paper , the authors investigated the forensic value of 27 Yfiler™ Plus loci in the South African population and found that of the 271 unique samples, 261 were identified to be unique, with an overall discrimination capacity of 98.15%.

TL;DR: The Forensic Science Regulator Act 2021 as discussed by the authors provides new statutory powers for the FSR of England and Wales to penalise forensic science providers who remain unaccredited or fall below published standards.

TL;DR: In this paper , a reductionist approach was taken to assess the impact of force, time, and rotation on the transfer of an explosive compound, and the results showed that ammonium nitrate is readily transferred from one surface to another, even when contact occurs for a short duration with a relatively low force.

TL;DR: In this article , a femur and a rib bone were extracted from a former convent graveyard for conversion to a community centre and radiocarbon dating was performed to determine whether the remains belonged to a mature adult female.

TL;DR: In this paper, the ForenSeq DNA Signature Prep Kit was used to identify the true relationship between two anonymous DNA samples, distinguishing it from other possible relationships, and the results showed that for more distant relationships the proportion of cases correctly and significantly identified is 10% or less.