Showing papers in "Science of The Total Environment in 1979"

TL;DR: In this article, the size distribution of urban aerosols in the size range from 0.002 to 16 μm was measured using a special cloud chamber and a low pressure cascade impactor.

TL;DR: Street and household dusts have been sampled within the Lancaster area and analysed for Pb, Cd, Cr, Co, Cu, Ni and Zn, and the results are discussed in relation to the sources of the metals, and possible health hazards to children exposed to the dusts.

TL;DR: In this paper, a new particularly sensitive and reliable procedure to determine trace metal levels in rain and snow is presented, which demonstrates the versatile potentialities of this approach to follow trace metals levels in the dissolved state and that bound to particulate matter associated with rain water and snow.

TL;DR: In this paper, the concentration of lead, cadmium and copper in the sewage sludges, sewages and effluent of a sewage treatment works was determined by analysis of composite samples corresponding to a 24-h input of raw sewage to the works.

TL;DR: In this article, a farm-to-farm survey of 11 agricultural watersheds averaging 4279 ha was conducted and it was found that on average 18% of the watersheds were devoted to corn production and 73% of this production was treated with atrazine at a mean rate of 1.7 kg/ha.

TL;DR: The content of organohalogenated compounds in spent bleach liquor from different bleaching stages in a sulphate and a sulphite plant has been determined by a combination of glass capillary gas chromatography, gas-liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry and neutron activation analysis.

TL;DR: In this article, the concentration of chromium, nickel and zinc in the sewage sludges, sewages and effluent of a sewage-treatment works was determined by analysis of composite samples corresponding to a 24-h input of raw sewage to the works.

TL;DR: The versatile, significant and specific potentialities of advanced polarographic and voltammetric methods are compared with relevant non-electrochemical alternatives and their particular potentialities for speciation studies in natural waters at realistic trace levels of the dissolved toxic metals are demonstrated.

TL;DR: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons have been determined, by glass capillary gas chromatography, in two species of bivalves and sediments of Saudafjorden, Norway, and up to 34 PAH compounds were identified, including some reported to be carcinogenic.

TL;DR: The major unsaturated hydrocarbons reviewed, primarily in terms of their synthesis, utility, stability, distribution and levels of exposure as well as their reactivity, carcinogenicity, mutagenicity and metabolism, include vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride, trichloroethylene, perchloroethylenes and allyl chloride.

TL;DR: A variety of halogenated aryl derivatives possess significant activity as solvents for pesticides, heat transfer agents, pesticide intermediates, additives for rubber products, intermediates in organic synthesis and as insect repellants and deodorants.

TL;DR: In this article, a rapid procedure is described and data derived from the analysis of individual samples by several methods are presented for determining the metallic content of sewages at various points within the sewage treatment process.

TL;DR: In this paper, the mercury level has been determined in the edible part of 36 marine species (867 specimens) caught from 1975 to 1976 mainly close to the Western Italian coast, the Strait of Gibraltar and in some selected regions of the North Sea.

TL;DR: In this article, the deposition of trace and major elements from the atmosphere was measured throughout 1976 at a rural site in the Nigerian savanna, and separate measurements were made of the deposition in rainwater and dry deposition, and of the dry deposition velocity that is related to particle size.

TL;DR: In this article, the analytical data obtained for the organic composition of airborne particulate matter collected with a high volume cascade impactor and a filtration sampler were compared and it was concluded that both sampling and analytical procedures give consistent results for organic compounds of low volatility.

TL;DR: Results indicate that the lungs of sub-urban populations will be exposed to about 34 ng of benzo[a]pyrene per day, which is roughly equivalent to the exposure to this chemical experienced by the lung when one cigarette is smoked per day.

TL;DR: In this article, the acidity of rainwater collected monthly from dustfall monitoring gauges at 100 low-dustfall sites in the U.K. has been assessed and the greatest rainwater acidity values occur in winter months at sites at the outskirts of towns in the centre of England.

TL;DR: In this paper, the level of PCB in the sediments was found to be of the order of 1 ppm and no significant levels of poly-chlorinated napthalene (PCN) or DDT and related species were found.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors outline the spectral characteristics of glycol derivatives, along with methods for their exact structural determination, and show that there have been very few reported incidences of environmental contamination caused by these compounds even though their commercial production is quite high.

TL;DR: In this paper, the inputs of iron, lead, chromium and zinc to a 0.6 acre road surface were investigated, and it was found that the primary source of metals at the road surface was the operation of motor vehicles.

TL;DR: It is suggested that clearly-defined standards and procedures are necessary in order to deal efficiently with similar cases as they are found and to assess the potential hazard and the steps taken to control the emission.

TL;DR: Residues of organochlorines were higher in the twelve depositional basins in Lake Huron and Georgian Bay than in sediment in the non-depositional zones and both parent DDT and its two metabolites were present in sediment.

TL;DR: In this article, the uptake by and tissue bioaccumulation of 15 chemical elements within broom sedge and nut grass growing in the drainage system of a coal ash basin was determined.

TL;DR: Human thumbnails were analyzed for trace elements by instrumental analysis using thermal neutron activation technique and a summary of literature reported concentration of metals in human nail is presented.

TL;DR: Vanadium and tin contents of total diet samples collected in five Italian towns are given, and discussed in relation to literature data, their status as essential elements and their levels in human blood.

TL;DR: This review principally addresses a number of aspects of the occurrence and formation of the nitrosamines, highlighting principal areas of potential concern ranging from the spectrum of nitrosatable moieties found in the environment to the requirements of extreme sensitivity and selectivity in addition to the problems of artifacts in the analytical procedures.

TL;DR: The levels found in hair appear to be influenced by external and individual pollution factors and thus unsuitable for any direct determination of the distribution in other organs of the human body.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors used gas-liquid chromatography, mass spectrometry and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometers to identify methylthiopentachlorobenzene and 1,4-di(methylthio)-2,3,5,6-tetrachloribenzene.