Showing papers in "Science of The Total Environment in 1981"

TL;DR: In this article, a comparison of 10 techniques for metal and substrate extractions among the sediments of 19 estuaries from south and west England was conducted, and it was shown that the extractable phase of Fe is more important than total Fe in binding Ag, Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn.

TL;DR: Selenium prevents several type of chemically induced cancer in animals, and, where more selenium occurs in the environment, human cancer death rates are lower and human heart disease mortality is lower.

TL;DR: The biological function of chromium is closely associated with that of insulin and most chromium-stimulated reactions are also insulin dependent, so proper chromium nutrition leads to a decreased requirement for insulin and also an improved blood lipid profile.

TL;DR: The successful application of the speciation scheme to two river water samples is described, and the results compared with a physico-chemical model of freshwaters highlights the inability of the model to predict the observed speciation.

TL;DR: The health aspects of nitrate in drinking water with particular reference to methaemoglobinaemia and carcinogenic risk are reviewed, and regional trends in gastric cancer mortality in England and Wales in relation to nitrogenous fertiliser usage and mortality in rural districts in eastern England are examined.

TL;DR: It is concluded that the applicability of tributyltin compounds as molluscicidal agents for the vector control of schistosomiasis remains very doubtful, since the concentrations required to kill snails are of the same range as those inducing disturbances in young rainbow trout.

TL;DR: In this article, the principle of migration of fluids immiscible with water in porous rocks is demonstrated by means of mineral oil products and chlorohydrocarbons, and it is shown that these fluids are not water-resistant.

TL;DR: In this paper, samples of Severn Estuary (U.K.) inter-tidal sediments were fractionated into a range of particle sizes and significant correlations between the amount of less than 20 μm material in the sediment and the concentration of Fe, Pb, Cu and Mn were found.

TL;DR: Based on an inventory of the presence of halogenated substances in raw water of 232 groundwater pumping stations and on the study of a number of soil pollution incidents in The Netherlands, a compilation of more than 100 organic substances identified in contaminated groundwater is discussed as discussed by the authors.

TL;DR: Since there is a wide range of variation in the available data, model calculations of the transport are necessary and the effects of filtration and suffosion are considered to be of importance.

TL;DR: In this article, the volatilization of selenium-75 from a soil amended with sodium selenite was investigated under laboratory conditions and shown to be dependent upon microbiological activity, temperature, moisture, time concentration of water-soluble seminates and season of the year when the soil sample was collected.

TL;DR: In the Dollard area (Wadden Sea), a diagenetic recycling of phosphorus takes place which results in high concentrations of phosphorus in the oxidised surface layer of the sediment.

TL;DR: The concentrations of zinc, manganese, copper, cadmium, lead and mercury have been determined in soft tissues of four marine organisms collected seasonally from the winter of 1976 to the spring of 1980 in various areas of the Tyrrhenian Sea.

TL;DR: The question of possible absence of DNA repair in the sponges and some implications are discussed, including the possibility that fish that had been exposed to high level polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) pollution are added, dark incorporation rises to significant levels which can be decreased by the MFO inhibitor 7,8-benzoflavone (BP).

TL;DR: An association between water hardness and cardiovascular mortality is reaffirmed, towns with soft water tending to have higher death rates than towns with hard water, and this relationship is somewhat weakened after allowing for climatic and socio-economic factors.

TL;DR: PCB, DDT, DDE, dieldrin and total non-polar organohalogen residues have been determined in the blubber-lipid of grey seals sampled during the 1972 breeding season at the Farne Islands off the north eastern coast of England.

TL;DR: The cesium content of 433 species (1166 samples) of European wild fungi was determined by flameless atomic absorption spectroscopy as discussed by the authors, with a range from < 0.1 (limit of detection) to 308 mg/kg dry weight.

TL;DR: In this article, the vertical distribution of mobile solutes, notably nitrate and tritium, at a number of sites is simulated. But the authors do not consider the effect of farming practices on the distribution of solutes in aquifers.

TL;DR: Chlorine dioxide and more particularly ozone should be considered as useful complements to chlorination, but no strong oxidative treatment should be applied before most of the organic matter has been removed.

TL;DR: Investigations with laboratory animals have shown that DBCP decreases sperm mobility and spermatogenesis, disturbs the estrous cycle, reduces phagocytosis by white blood cells, and induces malignant tumors, and the EPA banned almost all agricultural uses of D BCP in 1979.

TL;DR: The average differences found for cesium, rubidium and zinc were far below that which can be expected from a complete, or considerable release of these elements from platelets which aggregate or disintegrate during the clotting process in preparing serum.

TL;DR: In a coal-fired power station burning coal which contained between 14--100 ppm U, 210Pb was detected in the urine of an exposed group of individuals and Chromosome aberrations were registered.

TL;DR: A definition of the ranges of concentrations of trace elements which should be used for metabolic studies on laboratory animals when they are exposed via different routes such as ingestion, inhalation in injection and the production of radiotracers with very high specific radioactivity is described.

TL;DR: It is concluded that the diet provides far the major pathway for lead exposure, even at the roadside site, and bone lead concentrations are found to be consistent with estimated lead exposure and metabolism.

TL;DR: In this article, an investigation of environmental Pb pollution by wind blown material from a spoil heap at a derelict Pb mine in West Wales was carried out and it was concluded that blowing spoil is an immediate environmental hazard through deposition on plant leaves and through inhalation by people or animals.

TL;DR: This paper reviews recent findings and actions in the United Kingdom concerning lead in tap water and its biological effects, discusses some problems which arise with action to reduce exposure and outlines the limitations in the scientific evidence.

TL;DR: Improvement factors of up to 300 were observed for the removal of chrysotile fibres from drinking water during treatment, indicating that coagulation/filtration treatment is efficient for this purpose, and there is evidence to suggest that erosion of asbestos from pipe material is taking place.

TL;DR: Rats of both sexes developed lymphosarcomas, and female rats had neoplasms of the reproductive system, and endosulfan is carcinogenic for male and female Osborne-Mendel rats.