Showing papers in "Science of The Total Environment in 1983"

TL;DR: Uptake from both food and solute vectors may be influenced by interactions among cations, pH, redox, temperature and physiological variables, and separation through a basic understanding of these processes will be a necessary prerequisite to understanding metal impacts in natural systems.

TL;DR: 73As-arsenobetaine was the only labelled arsenic compound detected in urine and soluble extract of tissues, indicating that no biotransformation occurred.

TL;DR: Using the titanium content of faeces as a stable indicator of soil ingestion, it is found that grazing cattle involuntarily ingest from 1% to nearly 18% of their dry matter intake as soil; sheep may ingest up to 30%.

TL;DR: In this article, a five-step sequential extraction technique was used to determine the chemical association of heavy metals (Zn, Cd, Pb, Cu) with major sedimentary phases (exchangeable cations, easily and moderately-reducible compounds, organic/sulfidic phases, residual components) in samples from polluted rivers in Central Europe.

TL;DR: Tests of different techniques for cleaning and storing samples showed that at ambient air mercury concentrations contamination of samples is undetectable, and it is suggested that lower soil temperatures could retard mercury volatilization and inhibits its movement into pathways which get back to man.

TL;DR: In this article, the copper-complexing properties of aquatic humic substances isolated from eighteen different environments were characterized by potentiometric titration, using a cupric ion selective electrode.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors reviewed the literature concerning the significance and behaviour of heavy metals in sewage sludge treatment and following sludge disposal and concluded that toxic inhibition of anaerobic digestion by metals is a direct result of the free metal ion concentration.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors reviewed the literature concerning the significance and behaviour of heavy metals in waste waters and concluded that the most serious problem posed is drinking water production in areas where water re-use is practised.

TL;DR: The effects of river channelization have been investigated particularly in the U.K. and the effects of individual schemes have been identified as both morphological and ecological in character.

TL;DR: The assessment indicates that an average dietary intake rate of 2 mg day-1 contributes 630 micrograms kg-1 of copper to the body, while inhalation of copper in air makes, in comparison, a negligible contribution to theBody content.

TL;DR: Fucus vesiculosus appears to be a good indicator of the bioavailable forms of Ag, Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn and probably other metals in seawater.

TL;DR: An overview of pathways for bioavailability of cadmium and lead from diet to mother to fetus during pregnancy and to neonate during lactation is presented.

TL;DR: The concentrations of cadmium in old pathological--anatomical specimens from 1897-1939 (year of death) are determined and the average liver concentration has not altered significantly, while in the renal cortex the concentration has increased by a factor of 47 and the body burden by a factors of 4.7.

TL;DR: In several series of experiments, volunteers have ingested 203Pb as chloride in distilled water, with or without stable Pb carriers, while fasting, with varying amounts of added mineral Ca and P, with hot or alcoholic beverages between normal meals, and in the course of meals.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors evaluated the accuracy and reliability of intact microcosms to predict trace element enrichment in field-grown crops due to fly ash amendment in both laboratory microcosm and field plots.

TL;DR: In this paper, the photochemical production of carbonyls, up to 500 tons/day during smog episodes, dominates over direct emissions in controlling carbonyl levels in Los Angeles air.

TL;DR: The majority of the soot extracts assayed were at a much higher level of mutagenicity than any of the carbon black extracts, and even greater differences in mutagen availability would be expected if the unextracted materials were compared in vivo.

TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of combinations of zinc (Zn) and cadmium (Cd) on heterotrophic microbial activity in soil and on the mediating influence of clay minerals were investigated.

TL;DR: The 24-h urinary chromium excretion accurately indicates the daily dietary chromium intake of patients of maturity onset diabetics and excellent agreement was found between the present method and those of the other laboratory that had used isotope dilution--mass spectrometry and continuum source wavelength modulated echelle--atomic absorption spectrometer.

TL;DR: Some trace element contents of samples of human milk, mainly colostrum and transitional milk, collected in the Ljubljana area of Yugoslavia, are reported and results are discussed briefly in the light of literature values.

TL;DR: Since there is no evidence to suggest that any deliberate attempts were made to curtail personal exposure to the mine dusts or the emissions from the forges and crucibles, it is surmised that many of the ancient artisans who worked with lead probably contracted plumbism.

TL;DR: In this paper, the stoichiometry and affinity of Cu chelation by naturally-occurring organic ligands were determined by numerical solutions of Scatchard relationships, which were then used in the geochemical speciation model, GEOCHEM, to determine the relative importance of each Cu species in dynamic equilibrium with competing metals and ligands.

TL;DR: Food and medicinal intake of Al needs to be considered in relation to kidney weakness and Al accumulation in humans, and acid soil and plant management could be modified to reduce the hazard of Al in senile dementia and in diseases of the central nervous system endemic in certain acid soil areas.

TL;DR: It is concluded that the present relatively high mercury exposure in Greenland does not exert any immediate risk of intoxication to the adult population, but supplementary investigation on fetal exposure is needed.

TL;DR: Caged experimental fish exposed for about 10 days in river segments show BaPMO activity changes with the same predictive validity as that of the natural population.

TL;DR: In this paper, the results of 33 studies of cadmium adsorption on amorphous and crystalline hydrous iron oxides, clays, silica, humic solids, manganese oxides and natural sediments have been collated.

TL;DR: It is observed that organic samples from surface drinking water induce SCE and chromatid type abnormalities in CHO cell cultures while samples collected from ground drinking water did not.

TL;DR: Compared with control subjects, there was no linear correlation between any two parameters, and it is possible that each factor may singly or jointly influence the physiological integrity of the spermatozoa.

TL;DR: When tested in the Ames' Salmonella typhimurium system for chemical mutagens, both in the presence and absence of liver microsomal oxidase fraction, arsenobetaine gave consistently negative results.

TL;DR: Although cadmium dietary intakes were found to be greater than those expected from a normal UK diet, dietary lead and zinc intakes were normal and copper intakes at Shipham were a little lower than national average intakes.