Showing papers in "Science of The Total Environment in 1984"

TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe an instrument that measures the concentration of optically absorbing aerosol particles in real time, which is normally due to black carbon, a good tracer for combustion emission.

TL;DR: In this article, a review of the sources and chemical reactivity of polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH) in the atmosphere is presented, where the reaction mechanism, products and their human health effects and reaction conditions of the PAH photooxidation, thermal decomposition, NOx action, O3 action, SO2 action, one-electron oxidation and oxidants action are reviewed.

TL;DR: In this article, the attenuation attenuation (ATN) of visible light as it passes through filter samples was measured for a large number of solvent-extracted source and ambient particle samples using temperature-programmed evolved gas analysis with continuous light attenuation measurement.

TL;DR: In this article, the magnetic components of power station fly ash and motor vehicle emissions have been characterised using a range of rapid, non-destructive magnetic measurements, which readily facilitates particle source differentiation and identification.

TL;DR: A cytochrome P-450 mediated MFO system is present in mussels and an observed relationship between microsomal BP hydroxylase and NADPH-cytochrome c reductase activities is concluded.

TL;DR: In this article, the metals, Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn, Mn and Fe were sequentially extracted from the dust into five fractions, exchangeable metal, carbonate bound metal, MnFe oxide bound metal and the residue.

TL;DR: In workers exposed to As2O3, InAs, MMAA and DMAA are the only chemical forms of As excreted in the urine that are relevant to a study of occupational exposure and blood As concentration is proportional to exposure and correlates only with urinary DMAA excretion; DMAA seems to be the most appropriate single indicator of exposure.

TL;DR: In this paper, atmospheric aerosols were collected during several oceanographic cruises in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans as well as in the continental source regions of soot carbon aerosols.

TL;DR: In this article, the levels of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn in road dust have been investigated over an 8 month period at three sites with different traffic usage and with different surface textures.

TL;DR: In this article, the role of soot in atmospheric sulfur chemistry is discussed and a methodology for estimating the primary and secondary particulate carbon concentrations is outlined, based on a mechanism involving oxygen chemisorbed on combustion-generated carbon particles and its subsequent reaction with aqueous sulfite.

TL;DR: In this paper, two cascade impactors operating in parallel at the same location were used to collect aerosol particle samples and three stages of separation were obtained within the 0.07 to 1.0 μ radius range.

TL;DR: In this paper, a 3-year program, sponsored by the Norwegian Road Directorate, was aimed also at characterizing the nature and the fate of the particulate matter from a highway.

TL;DR: The relationship between blood lead and intelligence was small and statistically non-significant after controlling for other factors influencing cognitive performance.

TL;DR: The results indicate that an association does exist, but also that concentrations of nitrates higher than 20 mg/l in drinking water are a risk factor for people exposed.

TL;DR: In this article, molecular marker analysis has been applied to such extracts after suitable chemical separation into subfractions to trace air parcels from particular geographic regions and as tags for vehicular emissions.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors show that oil-fired carbonaceous particles play an important role in the gypsum formation on urban limestone and the course of the stone decay registered in Venice strongly supports this view.

TL;DR: In the European Community the anticipated increased use of coal for power production will lead to an increase in the release of trace metals into the environment, which seems unlikely to cause toxicological effects through the food chain, but there may be a possibility of a direct impact on man through inhalation.

TL;DR: In this article, the removal rate of elemental carbon from the atmosphere was measured for 7 weeks in Seattle and for 5 months at 12 rural sites in Sweden, with a median wet deposition flux of 4 mg m−2 mo−1 in both Seattle and Sweden.

TL;DR: In this paper, a small lake close to a main highway in the Oslo area has been studied with regard to water quality, and the contribution of pollutants from the surrounding area, from the local atmosphere, and directly from the pavement was studied and related to the quality of the lake water and the outflowing water.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors characterized and quantified pollution associated with runoff water from highway bridges located in Central Florida, USA, and suggested that bridge drainage be directed towards retention/detention ponds or floodplains and direct drainage of bridges in water bodies beneath them.

TL;DR: A review of community studies from which the relationship between air lead and blood lead in children of varying ages can be estimated is given in this article, which covers nineteen different studies which were carried out in ten different countries.

TL;DR: In this article, extracts of humic substances in river sediment and leaf mould have the ability to methylate mercury; several compounds have been identified by GC-MS and the methylating abilities of the compounds found and known as constituents in humic material were determined.

TL;DR: In this article, the results are analyzed statistically and indicate correlation of ozone levels with both primary and secondary pollutants, consistent with tropospheric photochemical production of ozone in polluted air masses.

TL;DR: Mercury and selenium concentrations were positively correlated in liver tissue of beaver, raccoon and otter from an undisturbed watershed in south central Ontario, indicating a protective mechanism against methylmercury toxicity to animals exposed to high mercury levels in their diet.

TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown that radionuclides of the transuranium elements plutonium, americium and curium have penetrated the sediment column in the N.E. Irish Sea to depths of at least half a metre.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors demonstrate the volatilization of selenium in two agronomic plant species, Agrostis tenuis Sibth and Hordeum vulgare L. c.v.

TL;DR: In this paper, the long-term history of organic and elemental carbon particle concentrations at Downtown Los Angeles was studied, showing that organic and organic carbon concentrations both peak during winter months, a behavior characteristic of primary traffic-derived pollutants like CO and lead.

TL;DR: In this paper, carbonaceous particle samples from an oil-fired power plant were collected by means of an in-stack isokinetic sampler and the successive formation of various crystalline species from the particles themselves was observed in controlled environmental conditions.