Showing papers in "Science of The Total Environment in 1985"

TL;DR: When hand-lead and dust-lead values were averaged for each school and a statistically significant relationship between the two sets of means was obtained, it was indicated that most of the particles were less than 10 micron in diameter.

TL;DR: Xylenes are an agent of major chemical and occupational significance and is extensively employed in a broad spectrum of applications, primarily as a solvent for which its use is increasing as a "safe" replacement for benzene, and in gasoline as part of the BTX component.

TL;DR: In this paper, measurements of volumetric discharge and concentrations of dissolved (0.45 μm) major ion and trace metal components of road drainage water have been made during ten storm events at a motorway site in northwest England.

TL;DR: The normalized radon exhalation rates were found to be substantially lower for concrete containing fly-ash products than for ordinary concrete, probably due to the mainly sedimentary structure of the Dutch soil.

TL;DR: In this paper, the influence of the redox potential and pH on the mobility of potentially toxic elements Pb, Cu, Zn, Cd and As has so far been determined theoretically.

TL;DR: The data reported shows that copper is naturally present in the lysosomes and residual bodies of mussel digestive gland, the concentration of the metal being greatly increased for mussels exposed to Cu2+ for 3 days and then detoxified for 6 days.

TL;DR: Concentration levels of various classes of organic chemicals in The Netherlands are reported for the base year 1980 and the average intake of the Dutch population by inhalation was calculated to be approximately 1.5 g year-1.

TL;DR: A 'sponge watch programme' is proposed on a global scale for monitoring the health of coastal ecosystems against a variety of potentially toxic pollutants because of the high degree of species specificity which sponges exhibit while accumulating many trace metal ions.

TL;DR: The concentration of Cd has increased in human bones in the 20th century, to about ten times above the pre-industrial level, and the concentration of Pb in contemporary cow bones from France is below analytical detection limits, probably due to competition of P b with Ca and P which are added to cow fodder as mineral additives.

TL;DR: People with acid-saturated mucus constitute a risk group, for whom effects can be more easily triggered from the surrounding tissues than in persons with mucus of higher pH, which appears to constitute the basis of the health effects reported from experimental studies.

TL;DR: The numerous potential precursors observed during this study, confirm that chlorination of water can lead to the formation of chloropicrin and that combination of ozonation and chlorination can also lead to this compound, dangerous to health.

TL;DR: Indoor air models show that the inhalation route of exposure for such chemicals has the potential for being much greater than by direct ingestion, and should be considered in developing regulations to limit adverse health impacts from contaminants of potable water.

TL;DR: It is shown that the radiation exposure due to natural gas consumption is negligible but some other problems or radiological relevance are recognized.

TL;DR: Time-averaged data show that fluxes of Cd, Cu and the PAH compounds are highly elevated close to the road, decreasing to background levels within 20-40 m, whilst lead shows considerable roadside enhancement, its deposition continues to decline over the full 220-m measurement interval.

TL;DR: The mechanism of zinc and mercury fixation by cement/silicate stabilization processes has been assessed from leaching, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and porosimetry studies as mentioned in this paper.

TL;DR: The drinking water distribution system of the city of Metz in France was sampled intensively during six, monthly surveys which were designed to determine the spatial and temporal distribution of total heterotrophic bacteria in the network.

TL;DR: The results reveal that the Consumption of alcohol could play an important part in the variation of lead and cadmium levels in the blood; the consumption of alcohol is associated with an increase in Pb-B but a decrease in Cd-B.

TL;DR: Man's ionic mercury intake from dental restorations may be at the same level as the total mercury consumption from food and drink, according to the present findings.

TL;DR: Estimation of integrated deposition since the opening of the road, derived from analysis of roadside soils, indicates that metal removal in road drainage water exceeds that deposited on the roadside verges, most markedly in the case of copper.

TL;DR: Lead in house dust was determined in different areas of Christchurch, New Zealand, and it was estimated that approximately 90% of the lead was derived from petrol additives (via street dust and aerosol), whereas in the older areas, approximately 50% was estimated to come from petrol lead and 45% from paint lead.

TL;DR: Results of measurements on single hair strands at different positions in the root and outside the skin provide evidence that the elements not only can enter the cortex via the matrix but also via the hair root sheaths, and indications that the distribution of an endogenous element is not always homogeneously spread over a cross section of the hair.

TL;DR: The effects of age and sex on hair trace element levels for five essential minerals and trace elements and five toxic trace elements are reported.

TL;DR: The underlying theme was that (s slightly) reduced, as well as (slightly) elevated, concentrations compared with optimum values could, in the long term, lead to atherosclerotic lesions.

TL;DR: In trying to resolve the question of why high Hg concentrations are found in certain Mediterranean fish, future studies should include an examination of the alkyl as well as inorganic forms of Hg, and ecological factors such as growth rates and feeding regime.

TL;DR: The Glasgow Duplicate Diet Study was carried out to investigate the effect of lead in drinking water on the blood-lead of infants as discussed by the authors, and the results were consistent with an upper guide value of 0.05 mgl −1 for the concentration of drinking water.

TL;DR: In this paper, a test was developed using Tetrahymena pyriformis in order to determine the toxicity of various chemicals, and applied to 57 chemicals, demonstrated that it could be used to detect the chemicals at low concentrations rapidly and with ease.

TL;DR: Surface water samples were collected during missions in 1977, 1978, 1980 and 1983 at different sampling stations along the tidal Elbe, from river km 632 downstream from Hamburg to the outer end of the estuary to help define anthropogenic background levels.

TL;DR: In this article, dry weight concentrations of cadmium, lead, copper and zinc were measured in clams, submerged aquatic macrophytes and sediments from several locations in the Chesapeake Bay region.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the timescale over which past discharges from the British Nuclear Fuels plc (BNFL) Sellafield site are reflected in concentrations in marine environmental materials, and hence in radiation exposures of local critical groups.