Showing papers in "Science of The Total Environment in 1994"

TL;DR: It is concluded that marine mammals are one of the most vulnerable and possible target organisms with regard to long-term toxicity of hazardous man-made chemicals in the future.

TL;DR: The main environmental concerns associated with phosphogypsum are: (i) movement of fluoride, sulfate, total dissolved solids, certain trace elements, and radionuclides from the U-238 decay series below the stacks into groundwater supplies as discussed by the authors.

TL;DR: Although recent mobilization of lipid reserves was found to have occurred in some of the diseased dolphins, this had little effect on their PCB blubber concentrations and cannot explain the observed difference with the healthy individuals.

TL;DR: The annual loss of mercury in the silver mines of Spanish America averaged 612 tonnes/year between 1580 and 1900 as mentioned in this paper, with 196 000 tonnes dispersed in South and Central America and 61 380 tonnes in the United States.

TL;DR: The potential for exposure to cobalt is particularly important during the production of cobalt powder, the production, processing and use of hard metals, the polishing of diamonds with cobalt containing disks and the processing of Cobalt alloys.

TL;DR: Comparison of levels of S-DDT and PCBs in Arctic beluga and ringed seal with those in beluga in the Gulf of St. Lawrence and ringing seal in the Baltic Sea, indicate that overall contamination of the Arctic marine ecosystem is 10-50 times less than the most highly contaminated areas in the northern hemisphere temperate latitude marine environment.

TL;DR: The findings contrast vividly with those of others who found that cancers are exceedingly rare in free-ranging odontocete populations and that the major causes for mortalities in these populations are bacteria, parasites, and trauma.

TL;DR: In this article, it is shown that humic acid will form a micelle in an alkaline aqueous solution but at extremely high concentrations (7.4 g humic acids/1).

TL;DR: In this article, a systematic study has been carried out on the radiocaesium sorption properties of 25 soils (forest, peat) covering organic matter (OM) contents in the range of 10-97%.

TL;DR: The effect of PCB transfer via breast milk is shown to be important in lowering the body burden of the mother and substantially increasing that in the offspring, and probably occurs because present day exposure to PCBs through foodstuffs is likely to be lower than in the past.

TL;DR: The primary radiobiological effects connected with irradiation of organisms are considered and secondary disturbances due to changes of ecological bonds between the components of irradiated forest ecosystem are discussed.

TL;DR: An overview of nickel concentrations in the terrestrial environment especially as it relates to exposure of the metal to humans and animals through food and information on phytotoxicity and environmental guidelines are reviewed.

TL;DR: The group of DDE and PCB methyl sulfones is tentatively suggested to be more important in explaining the disease complex than coplanar structures including dioxins.

TL;DR: In this paper, a large fraction of the Hg(0) is generated by photochemical reactions in the surface waters, including homogeneous photolysis of dissolved Hg species and photoreduction processes involving organic molecules and inorganic particulates in water.

TL;DR: In this article, the nature of the interactions occurring between organic compounds and clay minerals is reviewed and factors which enhance the adsorptive properties of clays and conditions which promote chemical transformations of adsorbed organic molecules are discussed.

TL;DR: The concentrations and distributions of heavy metals Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn and Pb and organic matter were investigated in dated sediment cores of a small micro-tidal estuary adjacent to a small urban area.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors focused on whether dissolved organic carbon (DOC) mobilized in the forest floor can be already classified as humic material, and performed chemical structural studies of DOC fractions by degradative methods, CPMAS 13C-NMR spectroscopy, and pyrolysis-field ionization mass spectrometry.

TL;DR: Hair samples from 79 young healthy adults from Vienna (Austria) and Rome (Italy) were analyzed for As, Cd, Co, Cr, Ni and Pb by ICP-MS and considered a large number of biological and behavioural factors minimizes bias inherent in unmatched sample composition.

TL;DR: A comprehensive pathological assessment of marine mammals is needed in order to evaluate the effects of toxic contaminants, and information on organochlorine levels is sparse, and suggest low levels when compared to other parts of the world.

TL;DR: The 137Cs concentrations in mycorrhizal fungi tended to be higher than those in saprophytes, although the concentration range of each type varied widely, and high concentrations in several Hebeloma species, ammonia fungi, were observed.

TL;DR: Anthropogenic heavy metals and grain size were determined in 15 surface sediment samples from the Cona Marsh, an estuarine area of the Venice Lagoon (Italy), based on separate analyses of both metal concentrations obtained with two acid extractions and particle-size percentages by laser light scattering as mentioned in this paper.

TL;DR: The chemical and photochemical oxidation of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and PANHs in water has been critically reviewed in this article, where the authors identified research needs in order to assess and predict the photodegradation of these compounds in natural water.

TL;DR: Nickel treatment of intact cultured cells oxidized dichlorofluorescin to a fluorescent product indicating that nickel elevated the level of oxidants in cells, and nickel caused an increase in crosslinking of amino acids to DNA and these complexes did not appear to involve the direct participation of Ni2+.

TL;DR: In this paper, the ion exchange systems of lead and cadmium, using the zeolite cinlinoptilolite, were examined, and the experimental results the diffusion coefficients and activation energies were calculated.

TL;DR: Platinum concentrations in road dusts and urban river sediments were analysed by dry-ash digestion followed by adsorptive stripping voltammetry in this article, which gave a detection limit of 0.5 ng/g, with up to 85% recovery of added platinum.

TL;DR: In this paper, the partitioning of radiocaesium between the micaceous specific site pool and the reversible ion exchange pool in mineral soils characterized by relatively low contents of organic matter is predicted on the basis of soil characterization.

TL;DR: It is tentatively concluded that the dietary intake of PCBs in Australia was higher than those observed in most developed and developing nations, whereas the intake of organochlorine pesticides was higher in developed nations but lower than in developing countries.

TL;DR: Even if there are serious limitations in the statistical and sampling details of the pregnancies and new-born babies, the results suggest adverse health effects at usually accepted exposure levels to nickel.