Showing papers in "Science of The Total Environment in 1998"

TL;DR: A review of technologies to remove and recover phosphorus from wastewater and their potential to facilitate the recycling of phosphorus and its sustainability is presented in this paper, where a wide range of technologies were identified, including chemical precipitation, biological phosphorus removal, crystallisation, novel chemical precipitation approaches and a number of wastewater and sludge-based methods.

TL;DR: The findings suggest that: (1) the passive uptake of meHg does not control bioaccumulation at the base of aquatic food webs in nature (i.e. phyto- and bacterioplankton); (2) correlation with pH and DOC largely reflect the supply and bioavailability of me Hg to lower trophic levels; and (3) meHG concentrations at higher trophIC levels reflect uptake at low trophics and other factors, such

TL;DR: The results showed that DOM is of minor importance on the mobilization of heavy metals in soils with a low soil pH (< 4.5) and the translocation ofheavy metals from the highly contaminated topsoil into deeper soil horizons and into the groundwater and the influence of DOM as revealed with the percolation experiment.

TL;DR: Data are reviewed which relate the mixture of PCDD/Fs in air to that in deposition; this leads to the conclusion that different homologue groups are transferred to the earth's surface with broadly similar efficiencies.

TL;DR: In this paper, a model system for investigating the processes and associated chemical and biological factors regulating cellular metal accumulation and resultant physiological effects is presented, where the amount of metal accumulated within cells represents a balance between the rate of metal uptake and the cellular growth rate, the effective biodilution rate.

TL;DR: In this paper, a new model is developed for assessing multiple sources of nitrogen in catchments, which allows for plant uptake, surface and sub-surface pathways and can simulate up to six land uses simultaneously.

TL;DR: Analysis of the trophic transfer potentials of trace elements for which data are available in zooplankton, bivalves, and fish, suggests that slight variations in assimilation efficiency or elimination rate constant may determine whether or not some trace elements are biomagnified.

TL;DR: The results indicate that concentrations of some pesticides entering head-water streams in agricultural areas are close to, and during certain time periods even above those levels demonstrated as having an impact on the aquatic flora and fauna.

TL;DR: The data on nitrogen and phosphorus fractions obtained during the core study program of the Land Ocean Interaction Study for rivers draining the central part of eastern UK are presented and assessed with respect to sources and potential biological effects.

TL;DR: Some species collected on serpentines and industrial sites presented rather high concentrations of lead or copper in their above-ground parts, probably related to contamination by soil dust.

TL;DR: Comparison of the weekly Cd intakes for the Faroe Island pilot whales with the 'Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intake' for humans recommended by the World Health Organisation showed that top vertebrate predators are often subjected to Cd doses far in excess of those recommended for humans.

TL;DR: In this paper, a conditional equilibrium stability constant is calculated for the strength of metal binding to the gill membrane (log K metal-gill), which can be inserted into aquatic chemistry programs, producing a powerful predictive tool which includes changes in metal speciation as water pH is varied, including competitive effects due to cations, such as Ca2+, and including complexation by DOM.

TL;DR: Both field studies and emission testing indicate that the use of cleaning agents results in a temporal increase in the overall VOC level, which can affect the indoor air quality perceived by occupants.

TL;DR: The uptake, potential bioavailability and phytotoxicity of As to an important wetland plant species, growing in the vicinity of produced water discharge sites, were studied and the effects caused by As chemical form and concentration on growth, tissue concentrations and distribution of As and nutrient elements were studied.

TL;DR: The concentration levels of all substances were positively correlated with maternal age and negatively associated to parity, to the total period of breast-feeding and to a weight increase of mothers before and after delivery.

TL;DR: A spatial trend of higher MeHg levels in western compared to eastern Arctic belugas and ringed seals was found which followed a similar trend observed for total mercury, and factors which could explain this trend are discussed.

TL;DR: The sandification and podzolisation that is characteristic of the evolution of numerous pedological systems in the equatorial Amazon could be responsible for exportation of the naturally accumulated Hg by acidic complexation and migration to the black waters of the Amazon.

TL;DR: In this paper, the integrated nitrogen in catchments (INCA) model is applied to two large river basins, the River Tywi in south Wales and the Great Ouse in eastern England.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors explored the implications of reaction kinetics and diffusion for the uptake of metals and showed how the apparent aqueous metal species controlling the rates of metal uptake will depend on whether any of these two rate-limiting factors become important.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the build-up of pollutant constituents on a suburban road in the eastern suburbs of Sydney, Australia, and found that both rain and wind events lowered the available pollutant constituent mass on the road surface.

TL;DR: It is evident from data that published reference intervals have to be used with extreme caution and that their urgent revision, based on reliable data produced by the ICP-MS technique, is of extreme importance.

TL;DR: The investigation showed that despite having safe water for drinking and cooking, the study group could not avoid an intake of arsenic, time and again, through edible herbs grown in contaminated water, food materials contaminated through washing, and the occasional drinking of contaminated water.

TL;DR: The strongest relations between metals in the hair are as follows: Fe-Mn, Cr-K and Cd-Pb in the first cluster and Zn-Ni in the second cluster, which can be useful to explain relationships among the metals in man.

TL;DR: A better understanding of the role of rooted aquatic macrophytes in ecosystem processes is likely to be advanced by considering the fate of plant metals leaked during the summer, and those dissolved forms lost to the water column during senescence.

TL;DR: In this article, the distribution of the platinum group elements (PGE) caused by traffic emissions from auto-exhaust catalysts has been determined in soils and different types of plants.

TL;DR: Daily intakes of essential minerals and metallic micro-pollutants are estimated from foods usually eaten in France, grouped in nine categories, comparable to the values recommended by the WHO.

TL;DR: In this article, the concentrations of five major and 28 trace elements in 35 marine algae collected along the coast of China were determined by instrumental neutron activation analysis, the concentration factors for 31 elements in all collected algae were calculated, those for tri- and tetra-valent elements were higher than those of the mono-and di-valents in marine algae.

TL;DR: A coupled method of high performance liquid chromatography and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry was used to determine arsenic compounds, such as arsenite, arsenate, monomethylarsonic acid, dimethylarsinic acid, arsenobetaine and arsenocholine in soils as mentioned in this paper.

TL;DR: It is found that much published work suffers from an undue focus on measuring effects of mixtures at only one dose level, and assessments of combination effects are frequently complicated by a lack of information on dose-response relationships.