Showing papers in "Science of The Total Environment in 2000"

TL;DR: Overall, the data presented provides little support for the idea that any single major or trace component of the particulate matter is responsible for the adverse effects.

TL;DR: A battery of biomarkers of contaminant exposure and effects are proposed that could be incorporated into programmes monitoring the quality of the coastal environment in the Iberian Peninsula and would be undertaken in conjunction with chemical measures of contaminants burdens in selected sentinel species.

TL;DR: Forest fires could be viewed as an agent of change for US forests as the fire regime will respond rapidly to climate warming, which has the potential to overshadow the direct effects of climate change on species distribution and migration.

TL;DR: An attempt is made to quantify the global element cycle for arsenic, based on an extensive literature research with special emphasis on the most recent works.

TL;DR: This work identifies 32 syndromes of biotic disturbance in North American forests that should be carefully evaluated for their responses to climate change and suggests a list of research priorities that will allow us to refine these risk assessments and adopt forest management strategies that anticipate changes inBiotic disturbance regimes and mitigate the ecological, social, and economic risks.

TL;DR: New knowledge developed under the NCP on the sources, occurrence and pathways of contaminants (organochlorines, Hg, Pb and Cd, PAHs, artificial radionuclides) are highlighted and compelling evidence for close connectivity between the global emission of contaminants from industrial and agricultural activities and the Arctic is provided.

TL;DR: The present movement toward a global ban suggests that the above regulatory approach has not been sufficient in some countries.

TL;DR: The study concludes that the marine fish from the Arabian Gulf are comparatively clean and do not constitute a risk for human health.

TL;DR: A method to predict steroid oestrogen inputs into sewage works is described and tested against available data, finding that predictions for ethinyloestradiol (EE2), which are particularly sensitive to assumptions on the number of people taking the oral contraceptive, were less accurate.

TL;DR: Results from several field studies indicate that a rational use of manure and mineral fertilisers can help reduce the pollution problems arising from livestock farming practices.

TL;DR: It is concluded that the model might be used as a means of mapping long-term air pollution concentrations either in support of local authority air-quality management strategies, or in epidemiological studies, and offers substantially reduced costs and processing times compared to formal dispersion modelling.

TL;DR: This review summarizes characteristics of drought typical to the major forest regions of the United States, future drought projections, and important features of plant and forest community response to drought, and research needs and strategies for coping with future drought.

TL;DR: The magnitude and composition of the phosphorus (P) load transported in surface and subsurface hydrological pathways from a grassland catchment depends on the discharge capacity of the flow route and the frequency with which the pathway operates.

TL;DR: Investigation of arsenite oxidation with ozone and oxygen in groundwater samples found that iron and manganese in the samples were also oxidized and, by sequestering the resultant As(V), played a significant role in the rate of reaction.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors present an overview of trace element concentrations in Swiss forest soils and to critically assess the measured values with respect to anthropogenic input vs. lithogenic background.

TL;DR: Significant correlations exist between different elements in hair and nails, as well as between hair and nail concentrations for several elements, and strong positive correlation for Hg, Cd, Pb, Sb and Bi levels between these media confirms that both can be used for exposure assessment for these elements.

TL;DR: Water samples were analyzed for 16 SU, SA and IMI herbicides using high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry and plants demonstrate a wide range in sensitivity to SUs, SAs, and IMIs with over a 10,000-fold difference in observed toxicity levels for some compounds.

TL;DR: Results obtained in several animal and epidemiological studies have indicated that Se could constitute a dietary factor with protective action against several degenerative diseases.

TL;DR: Metal speciation analysis showed that the dominant metal species are residual metals and those bound to organic matter and that the concentrations of exchangeable metals increased below pollution sources.

TL;DR: The deleterious effects of TBT released by antifouling paints were first documented in Arcachon Bay (France) at the end of the 1970s and the production of Pacific oysters was severely affected by a complete lack of reproduction and the appearance of calcification anomalies which were responsible for a strong decline in the marketable value of the remaining stock.

TL;DR: Compared to the means for metals in other birds generally, Christmas shearwaters had higher levels of lead, white tern adults were variable for lead, and bonin petrel, wedge-tailed shearwater, tropicbirds, frigatebirds, red-footed boobies, and both albatrosses hadHigher levels of mercury.

TL;DR: The results of the BCR three-step sequential extraction procedure indicate high Ni and Zn mobility in the sludge analysed, which means the investigated sewage sludge could not be used in agriculture.

TL;DR: Pb exposure levels among Asian populations appear to be similar to the levels in Europe and in the United States, whereas Cd exposure seems to be higher in Asia than in Europe.

TL;DR: Impacts of disturbances and thus of climate change are seen over a board spectrum of spatial and temporal scales.

TL;DR: The results show that at 0 km the samples collected first have the highest content of particulate PGEs and although the general tendency is for the release to decrease with increasing number of samples taken, exceptions are frequent and at 30,000 km the released P GEs in gasoline and diesel catalysts decreased significantly.

TL;DR: To improve predictions of changes in the climatology of these storms, improved understanding of the genesis of tornadoes and downbursts within thunderstorms is needed, and greater resolution in global climate models is needed.

TL;DR: The historical streamflow and concentration data in regression models are used to estimate the annual flux of nitrogen to the Gulf of Mexico and to determine where the nitrogen originates within the Mississippi Basin.

TL;DR: This study shows that the trophic habits can explain the interspecific differences in Cd bioaccumulation, and indicates a very strong Cd contamination in fish collected downstream from the metal source.

TL;DR: Use of this technique, in conjunction with standard microanalytical techniques such as X-ray diffraction and electron probe microanalysis, is beneficial in the prioritization and remediation of mercury-contaminated mine sites.

TL;DR: The focus of the modelling has been to quantify the important processes occurring after the methane production phase has ceased, i.e. during the humic phase, and the main conclusion is that higher remobilisation rates of heavy metals due to lowering of pH are not expected for many thousands of years.