Showing papers in "Science of The Total Environment in 2010"

TL;DR: The current knowledge on the phytotoxicity and interactions of ENPs with plants at seedling and cellular levels is reviewed and the information gap is discussed and some immediate research needs to further the knowledge on this topic are discussed.

TL;DR: This paper reviews recent studies on the occurrence and fate of frequently detected pharmaceuticals and hormones and identifies areas that merit further research.

TL;DR: The successes and problems encountered with implementation of the WFD over the past 10 years are reviewed and recommendations to further improve the implementation process are provided.

TL;DR: This review concentrates mainly on post-2002, new OHC effects data in Arctic wildlife and fish, and is largely based on recently available effects data for populations of several top trophic level species, including seabirds and Arctic charr.

TL;DR: The antibacterial property of bulk silver is expected to be carried over and perhaps enhanced, to silver nanoparticles, and when one examines the environmental issues associated with the manufacture and use of silver nanoparticle-based products, the antibacterial effects should always be taken into account.

TL;DR: The main focus is put on NO(x) control methods applied in combustion of fossil fuels in power stations and mobile vehicles, as well as methods used in chemical industry, where the implementation of ozone and other oxidizing agents in NO (x) oxidation is emphasized.

TL;DR: The ingestion of dust particles of children and adults in Huludao city appears to be the route of exposure to street dust that results in a higher risk for heavy metals, followed by dermal contact, according to the calculation on Hazard Index (HI).

TL;DR: Findings of BTBPE, HxBBz, PBEB, PBT and TBECH in seabirds and/or marine mammals indicate that these compounds reach the Arctic, most probably by long range atmospheric transport and accumulate in higher trophic level organisms and that increasing use as PBDE replacements will lead to increasing concentrations.

TL;DR: The residue levels of selected fluoroquinolones, sulfonamides and tetracyclines in 143 animal dung samples collected in 2007 from large-scale livestock and poultry feedlots in 8 provinces were determined by using ultrasonic extraction and liquid chromatography.

TL;DR: An evaluation of stressors covering heat, cold, desiccation, oxygen depletion, pathogens and immunomodulatory factors combined with a variety of environmental pollutants revealed that synergistic interactions between the effects of various natural stressors and toxicants are not uncommon phenomena.

TL;DR: Endosulfan does fulfil several of the criteria under the UNEP Stockholm Convention for designation as a persistent organic pollutant and is present in marine mammals, although there is uncertainty in the various Arctic biota datasets due to differences in analytical techniques.

TL;DR: The bulk of the monitoring efforts in biological samples have focused on the perfluorinated carboxylates (PFCAs) and sulfonates ( PFSAs), although there are very few measurements of PFC precursors.

TL;DR: The importance of interactions and feedbacks in assessing climate change impacts on water and agriculture in Europe is reviewed and qualitatively assessed, particularly on the impact of future hydrological changes on agricultural greenhouse gas mitigation and adaptation options.

TL;DR: It is shown that municipal landfill leachates may represent a significant source of concern for legacy, new and emerging chemicals in groundwater.

TL;DR: No clear consensus was reached regarding the classification of nanomaterials into categories to aid environmental studies, except that a chemistry-based classification system was a reasonable starting point, with some modifications.

TL;DR: It appears that the term "naphthenic acids", which has been used to describe the toxic extractable compounds in OSPW, should be replaced by a term such as "oil sands tailings water acid-extractable organics (OSTWAEO)".

TL;DR: This review establishes the relationship between eutrophication of fresh inland surface waters in SSA and the release of nutrients in their mega-cities, and investigates the effect of the episodic and largely uncontrolled removal of nutrients stored at urban surfaces by runoff from precipitation on nutrient budgets in adjacent lakes and rivers draining the urban areas.

TL;DR: It is concluded that the further quantification of ecological vulnerability is a valuable contribution to vulnerability assessment and a new general framework is presented to guide future ecological vulnerability analysis.

TL;DR: Why hypoxia in this dynamic river-dominated margin (RiOMar) is not comparable to many of the other traditional estuarine systems is explored, and it is postulate that a better management plan for this region can be reached through a more comprehensive understanding of this RiOMar system.

TL;DR: Levels and patterns of POPs in Arctic air may be affected by various processes driven by climate change, such as reduced ice cover, increasing seawater temperatures and an increase in biomass burning in boreal regions as exemplified by the data from the Zeppelin and Alert stations.

TL;DR: Results of this study provide increasing evidence that certain EDCs and PPCPs commonly occur in the Han River as the result of wastewater outfalls.

TL;DR: Morphology, size distribution, and chemical composition were compared between particles generated using different methods, including on-road collection, laboratory generation under simulated driving conditions, and cryogenic breaking of tread rubber.

TL;DR: The paper highlights the contribution of the 'cultural turn' taken by rural social scientists in helping to understand collective and individual voluntary behaviour and synthesizes three main areas of literature: psychological and institutional theories of behaviour; shifts in the approach to delivery of advice; and the increased interest in heterogeneous farming cultures.

TL;DR: Monitoring revealed a widespread occurrence of analysed compounds in groundwater, among them Codeine (analgesic), Ibuprofen (anti-inflammatory), Iopamidol, Iopromide (contrast agent) and Paraxanthine have only been detected in groundwater and are not present in water currently being injected in the deep aquifer.

TL;DR: Using the concept of shadow price, a quantification of the environmental benefits derived from wastewater treatment is made and a useful economic feasibility indicator is obtained for WWTP operation.

TL;DR: Sensitivity analysis found that the two variables of oral cancer slope factor of benzo(a) pyrene (SF) and the daily dietary PAH exposure level (ED) had the greater impact than that of body weight (BW) on the ILCR.

TL;DR: The third Canadian Arctic Human Health Assessment addressed concerns about possible adverse health effects in individuals exposed to environmental contaminants through a diet containing country foods, and Inuit continue to have the highest levels of almost all persistent organic pollutants and metals among the ethnic groups studied.

TL;DR: It is argued that regional differences in acid deposition loading may account for the apparent discrepancies between studies of dissolved organic carbon trends, and that the data behind the majority of these studies is more compatible than is often conveyed.

TL;DR: On the whole, compared with Euro V diesel fuel, the blended fuels could lead to reduction of both NO(x) and PM of a diesel engine, with the biodiesel-methanol blends being more effective than the biod diesel-ethanol blended.

TL;DR: This study developed a comprehensive ranking system for prioritizing the monitoring of pharmaceuticals and personal care products and endocrine-disrupting chemicals and EOCs in U.S. stream water/source water and finished drinking water using a total of 4 criteria.