Showing papers in "Science of The Total Environment in 2016"

TL;DR: The sources, occurrence, fate and effects of plastic waste in the marine environment are summarized, with land- and ocean-based sources being the major sources and domestic, industrial and fishing activities being the most important contributors.

TL;DR: Future interdisciplinary research should gain a deeper understanding of the incentives for farmers and public perception from both a psychological and economic perspective in order to develop new support strategies for the transition into a more environment-friendly food production.

TL;DR: The most relevant sources of nanoplastics are described and some insights into their fate once released into the environment are offered, including the most prominent effects of these small particulates, while identifying the key challenges scientists currently face in the research of nanopLastics in the environment.

TL;DR: This paper aims to review the state of research on heavy metals in drinking water in developing countries; understand their types and variability, sources, exposure, possible health effects, and removal; and analyze the factors contributing to heavy metalsIn drinking water.

TL;DR: A combination of different wastewater treatment technologies showed greater efficiency in the removal of phthalate esters than individual treatment steps, such as the combination of anaerobic wastewater treatment with a membrane bioreactor would increase the efficiency of phhalate ester removal from 65%-71% to 95%-97%.

TL;DR: It is concluded that the biochar and biochar-compost-based soil management approaches can improve SOC, soil nutrient status and SWC, and maize yield and may help mitigate greenhouse gas emissions in certain systems.

TL;DR: It is concluded that future research in the field of soil Salinisation should be focused on among others carbon dynamics of saline soil, further exploration of remote sensing of soil properties and the harmonization and enrichment of soil salinity maps across Europe within a general context of a soil threat monitoring system to support policies and strategies for the protection of European soils.

TL;DR: The results of cointegration tests suggest the existence of long-run cointegrating relationship among the variables, albeit with short dynamic adjustment mechanisms, indicating that the proportion of disequilibrium errors that can be adjusted in the next period will account for only a fraction of the changes.

TL;DR: Overall, Mg/Al-LDHs biochar composites offer a potential alternative of carbon-based adsorbent for phosphate removal from aqueous solution.

TL;DR: This review focuses on the principle and activation techniques used in H2O2 and persulfate based ISCO processes and the research gaps have been identified based on the knowledge of current research and recommendations are made for further understanding of ISco processes.

TL;DR: The anti-inflammatory drug diclofenac and the antibiotics, trimethoprim and ciprofloxacin are identified to be of high potential environmental risk for acute toxicity, while dicL ofenac also for chronic toxicity.

TL;DR: It is revealed that recovery from flows with dissolved P produces clean and plant-available materials, and these techniques may even be beneficial from economic and technical perspectives under specific circumstances.

TL;DR: The results showed that agricultural management influenced water and sediment dynamics and that tillage and herbicide treatment should be avoided.

TL;DR: The objective of this study was to investigate the mechanisms of cadmium (Cd) sorption on biochars produced at different temperature (300-600°C) and their quantitative contribution and the sorption isotherms and kinetics were determined and fitted to different models.

TL;DR: The decline of ESVs reflected the effects of ecological degradation in the studied landscape and is concluded to suggest further studies to explore future options and formulate intervention strategies.

TL;DR: Straw mulch is very effective in reducing soil erodibility and surface runoff, and this benefit was achieved immediately after the application of the straw.

TL;DR: The results revealed that the initial size of the urban heat island had significant influence on SUHIM, and cities of cooler climates and cities with higher shares of urban green spaces were more affected by additional heat during heat waves.

TL;DR: This review addresses three main concerns 1) the extensive use of veterinary antibiotics in livestock farming, 2) disposal of animal waste containing active biosolids and 3) effects of Veterinary antibiotics in plants.

TL;DR: The results of this study demonstrated that the combined use of plant and bacteria was the most advantageous option for the treatment of the present co-contaminated soil, as compared to natural attenuation, bioaugmentation or phytoremediation applied alone.

TL;DR: Although wide-ranging variation between countries, generally phosphorus use in EU-27 was characterized by relatively large dependency on (primary) imports, long-term accumulation in agricultural soils, especially in west European countries, providing ample opportunities for improvement.

TL;DR: A dataset of 294 monitored sites from six continents was compiled and evaluated to characterize the occurrence and fate of heavy metals in eight traffic area categories and four relevant heavy metals (Zn, Cu, Ni, and Cd) can occur in the dissolved phase.

TL;DR: An overview of the current literature pertaining to the impacts of nZVI applications on microbial communities is provided, suggesting that cell membrane disruption and oxidative stress through the generation of Fe(2+) and reactive oxygen species by nZvi are the main mechanisms contributing to nZ VI cytotoxicity.

TL;DR: Current experience with the EDA approach and the tools required are summarized, and practical advice on their application is provided, highlighting the need for proper problem formulation and giving general advice for study design.

TL;DR: A number of farm level adaptation methods employed by farm households that include changes in crop variety, crop types, planting dates and input mix, depending upon the nature of the climate-related risks are identified.

TL;DR: The geoaccumulation index indicated that the commercial sector was moderately to strongly polluted while the other sectors fell into the unpolluted category, and using the ecological risk index theCommercial sector fell intoThe considerable category while theother sectors classified as low risk.

TL;DR: This study provides the first evidence on the occurrence of several pharmaceuticals in marine environment including amoxicillin, lidocaine, citalopram or tramadol, among others, as well as suggesting that currents play an important role in the dilution of the target compounds.

TL;DR: Different aspects of PhAC removal by using membrane separation processes are reviewed, as they have been conventionally known to show high potential in the production of superior quality drinking and industrial water.

TL;DR: The poor adsorption and relative persistence of sulfamethazine under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions suggest that it may pose a higher risk to groundwater quality.

TL;DR: Key data gaps for more comprehensive risk assessment are identified and include: analytical methods to measure metabolites in biological fluids and tissues, toxicological information regarding non-standard endpoints such as endocrine disruption and a further refined exposure assessment in order to consider high risk groups such as infants, toddlers and children.

TL;DR: Considering the loss caused by environmental pollution, the benefits of phytoremediation will offset the project costs in less than seven years.