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Showing papers in "Scientific Programming in 2009"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A new programming framework, called Sieve, to support parallel numerical partial differential equation(s) (PDE) algorithms operating over distributed meshes, and a reference implementation of Sieve in C++ as a library of generic algorithms operating on distributed containers conforming to the Sieve interface.
Abstract: We have developed a new programming framework, called Sieve, to support parallel numerical partial differential equation(s) (PDE) algorithms operating over distributed meshes. We have also developed a reference implementation of Sieve in C++ as a library of generic algorithms operating on distributed containers conforming to the Sieve interface. Sieve makes instances of the incidence relation, or arrows, the conceptual first-class objects represented in the containers. Further, generic algorithms acting on this arrow container are systematically used to provide natural geometric operations on the topology and also, through duality, on the data. Finally, coverings and duality are used to encode not only individual meshes, but all types of hierarchies underlying PDE data structures, including multigrid and mesh partitions. In order to demonstrate the usefulness of the framework, we show how the mesh partition data can be represented and manipulated using the same fundamental mechanisms used to represent meshes. We present the complete description of an algorithm to encode a mesh partition and then distribute a mesh, which is independent of the mesh dimension, element shape, or embedding. Moreover, data associated with the mesh can be similarly distributed with exactly the same algorithm. The use of a high level of abstraction within the Sieve leads to several benefits in terms of code reuse, simplicity, and extensibility. We discuss these benefits and compare our approach to other existing mesh libraries.

61 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
François Bodin, Stéphane Bihan1
TL;DR: HMPP, a Heterogeneous Multicore Parallel Programming workbench with compilers, developed by CAPS entreprise, that allows the integration of heterogeneous hardware accelerators in a unintrusive manner while preserving the legacy code.
Abstract: Hybrid parallel multicore architectures based on graphics processing units (GPUs) can provide tremendous computing power Current NVIDIA and AMD Graphics Product Group hardware display a peak performance of hundreds of gigaflops However, exploiting GPUs from existing applications is a difficult task that requires non-portable rewriting of the code In this paper, we present HMPP, a Heterogeneous Multicore Parallel Programming workbench with compilers, developed by CAPS entreprise, that allows the integration of heterogeneous hardware accelerators in a unintrusive manner while preserving the legacy code

49 citations


Proceedings ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This paper proposes a meta Aspect Oriented Process Modeling Language (AOPML) that is independent of any specific business process language and instantiates it using the Business Process Model Notation in a case study that takes advantage of AOPML.
Abstract: Traditional methods to business process modeling build the model in a unified way, which gives rise to complex models, where different concerns are scattered and tangled. In this paper we propose the use of an aspect-oriented approach to modularize business process modeling. We propose a meta Aspect Oriented Process Modeling Language (AOPML) that is independent of any specific business process language. In order to show the applicability of the approach we instantiate it using the Business Process Model Notation (BPMN) in a case study that takes advantage of AOPML.

40 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This paper presents and analyzes PHASTA's parallel performance across a variety of current near petascale systems, and demonstrates that such a loss can be associated to an unbalance in a system attribute; specifically compute-node operating system (OS).
Abstract: PHASTA falls under the category of high-performance scientific computation codes designed for solving partial differential equations (PDEs). Its a massively parallel unstructured, implicit solver with particular emphasis on fluid dynamics (CFD) applications. More specifically, PHASTA is a parallel, hierarchic, adaptive, stabilized, transient analysis code that effectively employs advanced anisotropic adaptive algorithms and numerical models of flow physics. In this paper, we first describe the parallelization of PHASTA's core algorithms for an implicit solve, where one of our key assumptions is that on a properly balanced supercomputer with appropriate attributes, PHASTA should continue to strongly scale on high core counts until the computational workload per core becomes insufficient and inter-processor communications start to dominate. We then present and analyze PHASTA's parallel performance across a variety of current near petascale systems, including IBM BG/L, IBM BG/P, Cray XT3, and custom Opteron based supercluster; this selection of systems with inherently different attributes covers a majority of potential candidates for upcoming petascale systems. On one hand, we achieve near perfect (linear) strong scaling out to 32,768 cores of IBM BG/L; showing that a system with desirable attributes will allow implicit solvers to strongly scale on high core counts (including petascale systems). On the contrary, we find that the relative tipping point for strong scaling fundamentally differs among current supercomputer systems. To understand the loss of scaling observed on a particular system (Opteron based supercluster) we analyze the performance and demonstrate that such a loss can be associated to an unbalance in a system attribute; specifically compute-node operating system (OS). In particular, PHASTA scales well to high core counts (up to 32,768 cores) during an implicit solve on systems with compute nodes using lightweight kernels (for example, IBM BG/L); however, we show that on a system where the compute node OS is more heavy weight (e.g., one with background processes) a loss in strong scaling is observed relatively at much fewer number of cores (4,096 cores).

35 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This paper argues that knowledge-rich workflow environments will provide necessary capabilities for that vision by assisting scientists to validate and vet complex analysis processes and by automating important aspects of scientific exploration and discovery.
Abstract: Scientific computing has entered a new era of scale and sharing with the arrival of cyberinfrastructure facilities for computational experimentation. A key emerging concept is scientific workflows, which provide a declarative representation of complex scientific applications that can be automatically managed and executed in distributed shared resources. In the coming decades, computational experimentation will push the boundaries of current cyberinfrastructure in terms of inter-disciplinary scope and integrative models of scientific phenomena under study. This paper argues that knowledge-rich workflow environments will provide necessary capabilities for that vision by assisting scientists to validate and vet complex analysis processes and by automating important aspects of scientific exploration and discovery.

26 citations


Journal Article
TL;DR: 최근 출입통제, 금융보안 및 전자여권 등 해결하기, 활발히 이루어지고 있다.
Abstract: 최근 출입통제, 금융보안 및 전자여권 등 다양한 분야에서 얼굴인식, 지문인식, 홍채인식등과 같은 생체인식기술의 적용이 활발히 이루어지고 있다. 또한 최근에는 손가락의 지정맥 패턴정보를 이용하여 개인을 인증하는 연구 역시 활발히 진행 중이다. 일반적으로 획득된 지정맥 영상은 손가락의 두께에 따른 적외선 빛의 투과도 및 카메라의 센서 잡음으로 인하여 정맥과 배경 분리에 많은 어려움이 있다. 이를 해결하기 위하여 본 논문에서는 고속으로 지정맥 영역을 추출하기 위한 새로운 방법을 제안한다. 본 연구는 기존의 방법에 비해 다음과 같은 2가지 장점을 가지고 있다. 첫째, 획득된 지정맥 영상에 적응적 지역 이 진화 방법을 적용하여 지정맥 영역을 분리하였다. 둘째, 분리된 영상의 잡음을 열림 및 닫힘 연산을 이용하여 제거하고 최종적으로 골격화하여 지정맥 영역을 추출하였다. 실험결과, 기존의 방법들에서는 영상 잡음을 제거하기 위해 많은 필터를 사용하였으나 제안한 방법에서는 필터를 많이 사용하지 않으면서도 고속으로 정확하게 지정맥 영역을 추출할 수 있음을 보였다.

15 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Analisaremos como as dietas indigenas dessas regioes sao percebidas sob duas perspectivas, de fora e de dentro, andando os indios vivem em situacoes desfavorecidas, essas dietas sao baseadas em um uso amplo e diverso dos recursos naturais.
Abstract: Em todos os paises latino-americanos, o modo de perceber a alimentacao indigena e diferente, sendo em alguns casos simplesmente ignorada ou desconhecida. As vezes, elementos dessa comida foram integrados ao modelo alimentar nacional. Em paises como Mexico e Peru, esses aspectos foram valorizados, mas, ao mesmo tempo, a comida dos indios de hoje e desvalorizada. Com estudos de caso no Mexico (regiao mixteca, Estado de Oaxaca) e na Amazonia brasileira (Rio Negro, Amazonas), analisaremos como as dietas indigenas dessas regioes sao percebidas sob duas perspectivas, de fora e de dentro. A partir do exame de suas caracteristicas, sera possivel entrever que mesmo quando os indios vivem em situacoes desfavorecidas (no caso dos mixtecos), essas dietas sao baseadas em um uso amplo e diverso dos recursos naturais, assim como de tecnicas complexas de transformacao dos alimentos. A partir dessa analise, discutiremos entao se essas dietas podem ser consideradas como patrimonio culinario.

13 citations


Proceedings ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The concern-oriented architecture analysis method (COSAAM) is proposed that builds on scenario-based approaches but includes an explicit notion of concern in the analysis and applies Dependency Structure Matrices to represent and analyze the dependencies among scenarios, concerns and architectural elements.
Abstract: Current scenario-based architecture analysis methods analyze the architecture with respect to scenarios that relate to stakeholder concerns. Albeit the primary motivation is to analyze the impact of stakeholders' concerns, it appears that concerns are not explicitly represented as first class abstractions. The lack of an explicit notion of concern in scenario-based analysis approaches can result in an incomplete analysis because scenarios are too specific and can only partially represent the concerns. We propose the concern-oriented architecture analysis method (COSAAM) that builds on scenario-based approaches but includes an explicit notion of concern in the analysis. COSAAM applies Dependency Structure Matrices (DSMs) to represent and analyze the dependencies among scenarios, concerns and architectural elements. Further, COSAAM extends DSMs by introducing explicit DSM patterns and heuristic rules for analyzing the impact of concerns on the architecture and for supporting the refactoring of the architecture.

12 citations


Proceedings ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is argued that this semi-automated approach for identifying candidate early aspects in requirements specifications can be easily integrated into a UML development methodology, leading to improved requirements elicitation.
Abstract: In this article, we present a semi-automated approach for identifying candidate early aspects in requirements specifications. This approach aims at improving the precision of the aspect identification process in use cases, and also solving some problems of existing aspect mining techniques caused by the vagueness and ambiguity of text in natural language. To do so, we apply a combination of text analysis techniques such as: natural language processing (NLP) and word sense disambiguation (WSD). As a result, our approach is able to generate a graph of candidate concerns that crosscut the use cases, as well as a ranking of these concerns according to their importance. The developer then selects which concerns are relevant for his/her domain. Although there are still some challenges, we argue that this approach can be easily integrated into a UML development methodology, leading to improved requirements elicitation.

10 citations


Proceedings ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This proposal follows a symmetric approach and provides a more expressive set of visual elements in order to provide a more intuitive notation for expressing aspectual compositions and facilitate a symbiotic transition of AO requirements specifications to AO architecture designs.
Abstract: Aspect-oriented (AO) techniques are emerging as promising approaches to enhance the representation of crosscutting concerns throughout the software lifecycle. This includes new AO specification mechanisms for the architectural design stage that is at the heart of the software process. However, existing modelling languages have failed short to provide simple and scalable notations for visually representing the so-called "architectural aspects". This paper reports our ongoing effort on the definition of a visual architecture representation for aspect-oriented systems. Our proposal follows a symmetric approach and provides a more expressive set of visual elements in order to: (i) provide a more intuitive notation for expressing aspectual compositions, (ii) facilitate a symbiotic transition of AO requirements specifications to AO architecture designs, (iii) make the transition of architectural descriptions to AO detailed designs more straightforward, and (iv) improve the early detection of modularity anomalies in aspect-oriented design. We discuss the advantages and drawbacks of our modelling proposal in terms of two applications from different domains.

9 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The unified multicore model (UMM) is formulated and used to analyze an option pricing problem using the trinomial model and develop an algorithm for it that has near-optimal memory traffic between cache levels.
Abstract: One of the challenges to achieving good performance on multicore architectures is the effective utilization of the underlying memory hierarchy. While this is an issue for single-core architectures, it is a critical problem for multicore chips. In this paper, we formulate the unified multicore model (UMM) to help understand the fundamental limits on cache performance on these architectures. The UMM seamlessly handles different types of multiple-core processors with varying degrees of cache sharing at different levels. We demonstrate that our model can be used to study a variety of multicore architectures on a variety of applications. In particular, we use it to analyze an option pricing problem using the trinomial model and develop an algorithm for it that has near-optimal memory traffic between cache levels. We have implemented the algorithm on a two Quad-Core Intel Xeon 5310 1.6 GHz processors (8 cores). It achieves a peak performance of 19.5 GFLOPs, which is 38% of the theoretical peak of the multicore system. We demonstrate that our algorithm outperforms compiler-optimized and auto-parallelized code by a factor of up to 7.5.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This paper describes ePRO-MP, a development tool which profiles and optimizes both performance and energy consumption of multi-threaded applications running on top of Linux for ARM11 MPCore-based embedded systems, and describes an automatic optimization function, which can achieve high performance and low power consumption without programmer intervention.
Abstract: For mobile multiprocessor applications, achieving high performance with low energy consumption is a challenging task. In order to help programmers to meet these design requirements, system development tools play an important role. In this paper, we describe one such development tool, ePRO-MP, which profiles and optimizes both performance and energy consumption of multi-threaded applications running on top of Linux for ARM11 MPCore-based embedded systems. One of the key features of ePRO-MP is that it can accurately estimate the energy consumption of multi-threaded applications without requiring a power measurement equipment, using a regression-based energy model. We also describe another key benefit of ePRO-MP, an automatic optimization function, using two example problems. Using the automatic optimization function, ePRO-MP can achieve high performance and low power consumption without programmer intervention. Our experimental results show that ePRO-MP can improve the performance and energy consumption by 6.1% and 4.1%, respectively, over a baseline version for the co-running applications optimization example. For the producer-consumer application optimization example, ePRO-MP improves the performance and energy consumption by 60.5% and 43.3%, respectively over a baseline version.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A runtime threading system which provides an efficient substrate for fine-grain parallelism, suitable for deployment in multicore platforms, and has been integrated into an OpenMP implementation to allow for transparent usage under a high level programming paradigm.
Abstract: In this work we present a runtime threading system which provides an efficient substrate for fine-grain parallelism, suitable for deployment in multicore platforms. Its architecture encompasses a number of optimizations that make it particularly effective in managing a large number of threads and with low overheads. The runtime system has been integrated into an OpenMP implementation to allow for transparent usage under a high level programming paradigm. We evaluate our implementation on two multicore systems using synthetic microbenchmarks and a real-time face detection application.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The overall end-to-end algorithm execution speedup achieved by this implementation is over 90× as compared to a sequential implementation of the algorithm executed on a single 2.8 GHz Intel Xeon microprocessor.
Abstract: We present a parallel implementation of an algorithm for calculating the two-point angular correlation function as applied in the field of computational cosmology The algorithm has been specifically developed for a reconfigurable computer Our implementation utilizes a microprocessor and two reconfigurable processors on a dual-MAP SRC-6 system The two reconfigurable processors are used as two application-specific co-processors Two independent computational kernels are simultaneously executed on the reconfigurable processors while data pre-fetching from disk and initial data pre-processing are executed on the microprocessor The overall end-to-end algorithm execution speedup achieved by this implementation is over 90× as compared to a sequential implementation of the algorithm executed on a single 28 GHz Intel Xeon microprocessor

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, an analisar uma pratica socio-cultural do povo Suruwaha -a "morte ritual" -is considered as a problematizar e corroborar with a revisao conceitual do term "suicidio", considerando o inapropriado for o que de fato ele representa.
Abstract: Este trabalho, ao analisar uma pratica socio-cultural do povo Suruwaha - a “morte ritual” – tem como objetivo problematizar e corroborar com a revisao conceitual do termo “suicidio”, considerando-o inapropriado para o que de fato ele representa neste caso especifico. A reflexao deste caso, feita a partir de uma revisao de parte da literatura antropologica sobre esse povo, pretende evidenciar os riscos e limitacoes que pode ser acarretados por este “olhar ocidentalizado” em relacao a uma pratica indigena. A analise antropologica de questoes relacionadas a “morte ritual” dos Suruwaha indubitavelmente nos conduz a interessantes leituras acerca dos resultados e significados do processo de contato da “sociedade ocidental” com os povos indigenas. Ao mesmo tempo, demonstra a complexidade das culturas ditas tradicionais enquanto objetos de estudo, uma vez que estas se mostram passiveis de constantes e complexas transformacoes e reelaboracoes.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The notion of territory and territoriality in the Guarani belief system has been explored in this paper, where it is shown that the mythic discourse can bear an indirect connection, or even a direct one, with empirical reality, while stressing those issues relating to territoriality.
Abstract: Guarani beliefs, as the Kesuita or Nhanderu and the Land with no evil, are here seen as autochthon axiomatic propositions, which refer to notions as those of territory and territoriality. The myth is an oral theory of practice, which uses heavenly bodies and elements of nature as tools for creating concepts, or “ideographic bases” (LEVI-STRAUSS, 1964). It is intended to demonstrate that the mythic discourse can bear an indirect connection, or even a direct one, with empirical reality, while stressing those issues relating to territoriality.

Proceedings ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This work presents ArborCraft, a tool which automatically mines textual requirements documents, identifies features based on natural-language processing techniques, and produces a candidate feature model, and shows that this can significantly reduce the burden on the requirements engineer and promote separation of concerns early in the Product Line Engineering process.
Abstract: One of the tasks facing requirements engineers working in the field of Product Line Engineering is the creation of feature models, which represent the domain of the product line and from which product configurations can be derived. Requirements documents, which are to be mined for this information, are often very large and written in potentially ambiguous natural language, and can be written over a long period of time by various authors. This makes the engineer's task very arduous, and a clear separation of concerns is often difficult to infer from textual documents. We present ArborCraft, a tool which automatically mines textual requirements documents, identifies features based on natural-language processing techniques, and produces a candidate feature model. We show that this can significantly reduce the burden on the requirements engineer and promote separation of concerns early in the Product Line Engineering process.

Proceedings ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This paper describes how the application and security concerns are modeled separately, and how they can be woven together into an application.
Abstract: This paper describes an approach to model complex applications by modeling application requirements separately from security requirements in use case models. By careful separation of concerns, the security requirements are captured in security use cases separately from the application requirements, which are captured in application use cases. The approach reduces system complexity caused by mixing security requirements with business application requirements with the goal of making complex systems more maintainable. Furthermore, the security use cases can be reused by other software applications. This paper describes how the application and security concerns are modeled separately, and how they can be woven together into an application.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In particular, the authors analyzes algunos de los diferentes elementos of las representaciones simbolicas, mitologicas, and ritualisticas of estas comunidades, caracterizadas por la contraposicion entre un persistente dominio del hegemonico and the creativa autonomia creativa.
Abstract: La religiosidad de los pueblos indigenas andinos contemporaneos es constituida por una compleja interaccion teologica entre los elementos originales y los cristianizados desde fenomenos e ideologias historicamente producidas, tales como imposicion, interpenetracion, extirpacion, sincretismo, resistencia y reinvencion. En este contexto imbricado se desarrollo como forma de realce identitario una cosmovision particular bastante representativa de sus sentimientos y mentalidades a respecto del mundo, principalmente, en lo que dice respecto al su territorio e sus vivencias comunitarias pautadas en la reciprocidad y en la socializacion de las tradiciones. Asi, nuestra propuesta en eso articulo es analizar algunos de los diferentes elementos de las representaciones simbolicas, mitologicas y ritualisticas de estas comunidades, caracterizadas por la contraposicion entre un persistente dominio del hegemonico y la creativa autonomia creativa.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Based upon the concepts of traps, chimera and pathways proposed by Alfred Gell, Carlo Severi and Els Lagrou respectively, the authors presents the characteristics, similarities and specificities of three approaches on art in contemporary anthropology.
Abstract: Based upon the concepts of traps, chimera and pathways proposed by Alfred Gell, Carlo Severi and Els Lagrou respectively, this bibliographic essay presents the characteristics, similarities and specificities of three approaches on art in contemporary anthropology. The work focuses on the ruptures created by these approaches, concerning the symbolic analysis that has long dominated the anthropological art studies. Breaking away from the conception of art as a symbolic language, the studies we analyzed emphasized, in different ways, the cognitive action of art in native contexts, privileging categories such as agency, efficacy, counter-intuitiveness, and presentification. In the conclusion, we demonstrate how these categories are applied to Amerindian Art through the work of Els Lagrou on Cashinahua Art.


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, an artigo narra a experiencia de uma antropologa-escritora no contato com o universo da literatura e poesia indigena no Brasil, that inspirou-a na concepcao do I Sarau das Poeticas Indigenas, da Casa das Rosas, como um evento for reunir indios, escritores indigenas e indianistas de diversas origens, classicos e contemporâneos.
Abstract: Adotando a abordagem da antropologia interpretativa, o artigo narra a experiencia de uma antropologa-escritora no contato com o universo da literatura e poesia indigena no Brasil, que inspirou-a na concepcao do I Sarau das Poeticas Indigenas, da Casa das Rosas, como um evento para reunir indios, escritores indigenas e indianistas de diversas origens, classicos e contemporâneos. Discute a questao da funcao social da poesia & prosa e sua independencia do contexto cultural e conclui por falar de “poeticas”, pois nao cabe apenas uma unica poetica, a ocidental, Aristoteleana, mas a diversidade delas que vive na historia oral e no ritual indigena, elaborada ou nao, mas tendo em comum a inventividade e o encantamento com a palavra e suas possibilidades.

Journal Article
TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed a method to solve the problem of the lack of resources in the South Korean market by using the concept of the "missing link" in order to improve the performance of the Korean market.
Abstract: 본 논문에서는 보안 및 감시 시스템 분야에 적용할 수 있는 실시간 객체 탐지 및 추적 알고리듬을 제안한다. 구현된 시스템은 객체 탐지 단계, 객체 추적 단계로 구성되었다. 객체탐지에서는 정확한 객체의 움직임 검출을 위한 향상된 검출 방법인 적응배경 차분법과 적응적 블록 기반 모델을 제안한다. 객체추적에서는 칼만 필터에 기반한 다중 물체 추적 시스템을 설계하였다. 실험결과 이동객체의 움직임을 추정할 수 있었고, 추적 과정에서도 다수의 객체를 잃어버리지 않고 정상적으로 추적할 수 있었다. 또한 원거리 탐지 및 추적에서 향상된 결과를 얻을 수 있었다.


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this trabajo, nos proponemos un acercamiento a las diversas ideas infantiles sobre el territorio habitado, in el contexto particular de la poblacion mbya guarani de Misiones as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: En este trabajo nos proponemos un acercamiento a las diversas ideas infantiles sobre el territorio habitado, en el contexto particular de la poblacion mbya guarani de Misiones. La fragilidad territorialidad a la que es expuesta la poblacion indigena en Argentina se manifiestan cotidianamente en diversas areas. La poblacion mbya, ha sido surcada por los limites de los estados nacionales de Paraguay, Brasil y Argentina. La sedentarizacion y los cercamientos de tierras en los diferentes estados, han impulsado transformaciones de las logicas de subsistencia, de habitacion y organizacion comunitaria. En el caso de la provincia de Misiones la acreditacion burocratica de los titulos de tierras se encuentra aplazada, el estado no se compromete con la concrecion de este derecho.

Journal Article
TL;DR: Estimation of Distribution Algorithms shows that when combining classical tools from statistics, namely bias/variance decomposition, reweighting and quasi-randomization, can strongly improve the convergence rate.
Abstract: Estimation of Distribution Algorithms are based on statistical estimates. We show that when combining classical tools from statistics, namely bias/variance decomposition, reweighting and quasi-randomization, we can strongly improve the convergence rate. All modifications are easy, compliant with most algorithms, and experimentally very efficient in particular in the parallel case (large offsprings).

Journal Article
TL;DR: Low-rank 행렬의 compressed sensing ill-posed inverse problem을 low-rank 정보를 이용하여 해결한다.
Abstract: Compressed sensing은 소수의 선형 관측으로부터 sparse 신호를 복원하는 문제를 언급하고 있다. 최근 벡터 경우에서의 성공적인 연구 결과가 행렬의 경우로 확장되었다. Low-rank 행렬의 compressed sensing은 ill-posed inverse problem을 low-rank 정보를 이용하여 해결한다. 본 문제는 rank 최소화 혹은 low-rank 근사의 형태로 나타내질 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 최근 제안된 여러 가지 효율적인 알고리즘에 대한 survey를 제공한다.

Journal Article
TL;DR: It is shown that the trade-off between EMSE and EMSE has changed significantly in recent years, and the former is now more favourable to EMSE than the latter.
Abstract: 다양한 적응 잡음 제거기 중에, LMS알고리즘은 강인성, 높은 추적성, 구현의 단순성 때문에 가장 많이 사용되는 알고리즘이다. 하지만, LMS알고리즘은 비균일적인 수렴과 수렴율과 EMSE사이에 trade-off를 가진다. 이러한 단점을 극복하기 위해, 많은 가변 스텝 사이즈 알고리즘이 수년간 연구되고 있다. 이들 LMS알고리즘에서 보다 빠른 수렴속도를 위하여 복잡한 가변스텝방식을 사용하는데 이는 많은 계산량을 필요로 한다. 이는 LMS알고리즘의 장점인 단순성과 강인성을 손상한다. 제안하는 IGC알고리즘은 원신호와 잡음신호의 순시 이득 값을 사용한다. 그 결과, IGC알고리즘은 계산량을 줄이고, 보다 높은 성능을 유지한다.

Journal Article
TL;DR: “ 화소의 가지 방법으로 하게 사용되고 있다”.
Abstract: 세선화 알고리즘은 문자인식, 도형 및 도면 인식 등에 매우 중요하게 사용되고 있다. 세선화 알고리즘은 여러 가지 방법으로 제안되어 왔다. 본 논문에서는 이전에 제안된 세선화 알고리즘 중 선처리가 후처리에 영향을 주지 않는 병렬 세선화 알고리즘 중에서 ZS, LW, 및 WHF 알고리즘의 문제점을 찾아내었다. ZS 알고리즘은 사선 방향에서 화소가 손실되는 문제점을 안고 있으며, LW 알고리즘은 사선 방향에서의 화소 두께가 1이 되지 못하는 문제점을 내포하고 있다. 따라서 본 알고리즘에서는 사선 방향에서 8근방을 이루며, 화소의 두께도 완전히 1이 되도록 개선시킨 병렬 세선화 알고리즘을 제안한다.

Journal Article
TL;DR: It is shown here how to identify the different types of eyesight problems in a person using a 3D image:.
Abstract: 실내외 영상 분류에 대한 연구는 밝기나 에지 정보와 같이 하위 레벨(low-level) 정보의 단순 결합을 이용하여 수행되어 왔다. 그러나 기존의 하위 레벨 영상 정보만을 기반으로 하는 실내외 영상 분류 방법은 다양한 콘텐츠를 극복하는데 한계가 있기 때문에 상위 레벨(high-level) 영상 정보를 함께 이용하는 방법에 대한 연구가 많이 진행되어 왔다. 이러한 연구의 대부분은 영상 내 하늘이나 수풀과 같은 영역을 검출하기 위해 별도의 알고리즘을 수행하기 때문에 특징 벡터의 차원을 증가시키거나 수행 속도를 저하시키는 문제점이 있다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 이러한 문제점을 극복하기 위해 효율적인 실내외 영상 분류기법을 제안한다. 먼저 효과적인 특징 벡터를 생성하기 위해 영상을 5개의 하위 블록으로 나눈다. 각각의 블록에 대하여, 제안하는 에지ㆍ색상 방향 히스토그램(edge and color orientation histogram, ECOH) 기술자(descriptor)를 이용하여 해당 블록을 표현하고 모든 블록의 값을 연결하여 최종적으로 특징 벡터를 생성한다. 제안하는 알고리즘의 효율성과 강건함을 보이기 위해 1200개 이상의 다양한 실내외 영상을 사용하였으며, 학습을 통해 각 영역의 가중치를 결정하여 분류 성능을 향상 시켰다.