Showing papers in "Seminars in Oncology in 1992"

TL;DR: Current studies are evaluating increased doses of epirubicin to improve anthracycline cytotoxicity, while limiting cardiotoxicity, but at present DOX still reigns in this drug class as the one having the most proven cancerocidal effect.

TL;DR: An update on the NCI's revised cancer screen is accompanied by a brief summary of those new agents scheduled to be entered into clinical investigation in the near future.

TL;DR: This review will discuss several critical issues that will be addressed in future clinical trials, developmental directions, and drug supply, and the results of preliminary investigations with the semisynthetic taxane analog taxotere will also be discussed.

TL;DR: Hydroxyurea increases the level of fetal hemoglobin, leading to a reduction in the incidence of vasoocclusive crises in sickle cell anemia, and hydroxyurea selectively reduces thelevel of episomal DNA and thus potentially may reduce drug resistance associated with duplicated genes retained as episomes.

TL;DR: The similarities in karyotype abnormalities among leukemic cells of those whose occupations expose them to chemical hazard, and those who are exposed to cytotoxic agents, suggest that many more environmental leukemogens have yet to be discovered.

TL;DR: Doxorubicin (DOX) is used in a wide variety of malignancies, although it can also cause acute cardiac dysfunction, and the development of transient ECG changes is usually not an indication to discontinue DOX.

TL;DR: The clinical development of hydroxyurea is described, current indications are discussed, and areas of ongoing research that may expand the clinical indications are described that support current attempts to identify additional uses for the drug.

TL;DR: Dose adjustments are needed when creatinine clearance is less than or equal to 3N mL/min, and resistance to bleomycin in normal tissues can be correlated with the presence of a bleomyin hydrolase enzyme, which is in the cysteine proteinase family.

TL;DR: In this article, recombinant human erythropoietin (r-HuEPO) was assessed as a means to correct mild to moderate anemia associated with malignant disease and provide some degree of palliation.

TL;DR: It is apparent that a variety of vascular disorders have been reported after the administration of antineoplastic agents, but it is not clear whether all of these entities are related to cytotoxic drugs, the malignancy itself, or some other unrelated factor.

TL;DR: The data from phase II and III trials using modulation of 5-FU by folinic acid, PALA, or methotrexate, or using continuous infusion 5-fu indicate that all of these strategies are active.

TL;DR: Purification of TNF receptors has revealed two major, distinct binding proteins (TR60 and TR80); TR60 seems to be an essential component for TNF signaling; the functional role of TR80 remains to be elucidated.

TL;DR: Pulmonary toxicity is often encountered in patients receiving antineoplastic therapy and may produce a wide variety of clinicopathologic syndromes.

TL;DR: The aim of combining 5-FU with uridine is that the latter will reduce the toxicity of5-FU while its antitumor activity is retained, which will enable the use of higher 5-fu doses with a potential increased antitumors effect.

TL;DR: Management of patients with breast cancer requires an individualized approach that is based on a careful weighing of a variety of prognostic considerations, each of which characterizes, in a limited way, the biology of this disease.

TL;DR: Nine platinum analogs are currently in clinical development, including three that contain the diaminocyclohexane substituent and five that containThe cyclobutanedicarboxylato leaving group, and there are important differences in their toxicity profiles that may be exploitable in future combination therapies.

TL;DR: Recent work has emphasized the development of new analogues that appear to possess less pulmonary toxicity than does bleomycin, and has focused on understanding the pathogenesis of pulmonary toxicity, particularly as it relates to the immune system.

TL;DR: It is possible to convert most patients with stage III breast cancer to the state of "no evidence of disease", and the challenges now are to increase the cure rate by eradicating local and distant micrometastatic disease, and to minimize the mutilation of locoregional treatment.

TL;DR: Regimens incorporating hypoxia-directed drugs as adjuncts to radiotherapy or conventional chemotherapy can be used to increase the therapeutic ratio by increasing local tumor control without producing a concomitant increase in toxicities to normal tissues.

TL;DR: If future studies are effected in an unstructured and uncontrolled fashion, physicians could become the most common cause of death of patients with testicular cancer.

TL;DR: There are now two new topoisomerase I inhibitors that are in early clinical trials that have generated a tremendous amount of interest and will be important additions to the chemotherapy armamentarium.

TL;DR: The results suggest that serotonin plays an important role and that peripheral neural mechanisms are involved in the emetic response, and that emesis that develops despite high-dose ondansetron (residual emesis) should be considered delayed emesis.

TL;DR: It is unlikely that any one of these drugs, when used as a single agent, will provide optimal therapy for any disease other than hairy-cell leukemia, but combined with other cytotoxic agents and biologics are in development, and perhaps they will lead to more effective regimens in the future.

TL;DR: Treatment with r-HuEPO is a safer, nontransfusion means of increasing the hematocrit level of the patient with ACD symptoms and can subjectively and objectively improve the ACD patient's symptoms and performance.

TL;DR: Assessment of prognostic value of serum neuron-specific enolase and lactate dehydrogenase in patients with locally advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer treated within two chemotherapy trials suggests potential clinical value of NSE and LDH determination in treatment selection of NSCLC patients.

TL;DR: Baseline evaluation of patients about to undergo chemotherapy should always include liver function tests, and when clinically indicated, hepatic imaging, and the increased use of high-dose regimens with autologous bone marrow or stem-cell support has complicated the picture by revealing toxicities at very high doses that are not observed with conventional doses.