Showing papers in "Seminars in Oncology in 2004"

TL;DR: Prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines targeted against the viral capsid components and oncoproteins will provide the ultimate evidence for a role for HPV in HNSCC, if demonstrated to be effective in the prevention or therapy of this disease.

TL;DR: Selective inhibition of COX-2 activity has been shown to suppress angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo, and these agents could have clinical utility as antiangiogenic agents for cancer prevention, as well as for intervention in established disease alone or in combination with chemotherapy, radiation, and biological therapies.

TL;DR: Understanding the epidemiology and etiologies of esophageal and gastric carcinomas will lead to the development of interventions for screening and prevention in high-risk populations.

TL;DR: Current and future demographic transitions in America in comparison with six industrial nations are illustrated, and cancer mortality in older persons across the selected nations--Denmark, France, Italy, Japan, Sweden, and United Kingdom are profiles.

TL;DR: Recent studies have identified a potential benefit for adding celecoxib to standard CRC chemotherapy regimens to increase their efficacy and reduce their associated toxicity.

TL;DR: A review of the advantages of liposomal delivery systems in general and the divergent approaches that have been taken in developing these agents can be found in this article, where the authors present STEALTH, a novel liposome system coated with polyethylene glycol, avoiding uptake by the reticuloendothelial system, thus improving drug delivery to the tumor.

TL;DR: Translational research efforts should pursue a broad research agenda until productive avenues are identified to quantify the delivery of novel agents to the malignant brain tumor cells and determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and preliminary efficacy data on novel agents before initiating combination therapies.

TL;DR: The modular organization of immunoliposome technology enables a combinatorial approach in which a repertoire of monoclonal antibody fragments can be used in conjunction with a series of liposomal drugs to yield a new generation of molecularly targeted agents.

TL;DR: Although more common in developing countries, over 11,000 deaths will occur in the United States from head and neck cancer in 2004, and this group is the focus of primary and secondary preventative efforts.

TL;DR: Clinical trials are evaluating adjunctive therapy with a selective COX-2 inhibitor, celecoxib, in combination with several regimens used in the metastatic and adjuvant or neoadjuvant settings of breast cancer and proof-of-principle trials are being conducted to ascertain the effects of celecoxIB on known markers of proliferation, angiogenesis, and apoptosis.

TL;DR: Encapsulation of doxorubicin in polyethylene glycol-coated liposomes (Doxil/Caelyx [PLD], was developed to enhance the safety and efficacy of conventional doxorbicin and has potential applications to treat a variety of cancers.

TL;DR: Use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs has been shown to result in a 40% to 50% reduction in the relative risk of developing colorectal cancer and COX-2 selective inhibitors may have a role in breast cancer prevention.

TL;DR: Radiotherapy is a proven curative and palliative therapeutic tool in the treatment of a wide variety of primary and metastatic brain tumors in adults and the effect of RT on the long-term cognitive performance of patients is a major concern.

TL;DR: Early results of clinical trials suggest that combining trastuzumab or a taxane with NPLD or PLD instead of a conventional anthracycline significantly reduces cardiotoxicity risk without reducing chemotherapeutic efficacy.

TL;DR: Elucidation of the gene networks and cell signaling pathways under estrogen and SERM regulation and a clearer definition of the respective roles of ER-alpha and ER-beta and their coregulators in the actions of selective ER ligands should enable the identification of new gene targets for therapeutic intervention and the development of novel drugs for the optimal treatment and prevention of breast cancer.

TL;DR: Health-related quality of life was improved in several domains in patients treated with PLD or DNX compared with BV or ABV, including less alopecia and fewer gastrointestinal and neurologic side effects.

TL;DR: The role of apoptosis signaling in tumorigenesis and drug resistance of tumor cells and therapeutic approaches interfering with apoptosis pathways are addressed.

TL;DR: This review focuses on the P13K pathway, and novel molecules targeting this pathway, to illustrate the questions and challenges underlying the implementation of molecular therapeutics in breast and ovarian cancer.

TL;DR: Clinical data suggest that liposomal anthracyclines have activity not only against tumor types with known sensitivity to conventional anthrACYclines, but also potentially for tumors that are typically anthr Tracycline-resistant.

TL;DR: Celecoxib, a selective COX-2 inhibitor, has been evaluated in combination with chemotherapy for the management of metastatic NSCLC in patients who have failed prior chemotherapy.

TL;DR: Treatment for average-risk Medulloblastoma has achieved a level of success that allows efforts to be focused on the limitation of adverse treatment effects, and therapy for high-risk and relapsed MB has been positively affected by the advent of high-dose chemotherapy with stem cell rescue.

TL;DR: Traditional and novel therapies, including whole-brain radiation therapy (WBRT), surgery, radiosurgery, radiosensitizers, and chemotherapy are reviewed, and current controversies in the management of brain metastases are highlighted.

TL;DR: KIT and platelet-derived growth factor receptors (PDGFRs) play critical oncogenic roles in a broad spectrum of hematologic and solid tumors and their responses to imatinib depend on whether any of these tyrosine kinase activities play essential roles in the oncogenesis of a given tumor, as well as the precise molecular mechanism underlying onc genesis.

TL;DR: The identification of aberrant enzymatic activities in gliomas has promoted the development of novel therapeutic agents that target specific signaling effectors and whose inhibition should, in theory, prove to be cytostatic, if not cytotoxic, to tumor cells.

TL;DR: This review covers the basic physics of 1H-MRS, the spectral and physiological characteristics of the metabolites that are typically measured in various types of brain tumors, and the clinical utility of the technique with respect to diagnosis, therapeutic planning and the assessment of response to treatment.

TL;DR: In this article, the age effect is highlighted by the dramatically less favorable outcome in older than younger patients with acute myeloid leukemia with similar "favorable" cytogenetic changes.

TL;DR: Prospective follow-up of older cancer patients, involving measurement of circulating cytokines, whose concentration increases with age, and study of the genotype of older individuals, may provide new information about whether certain older individuals are at increased risk for multiple primary neoplasms.

TL;DR: Assessment of ERCC1 mRNA, cisplatin adducts, XPD polymorphism, Ape 1, and MGMT can obtain a complete genetic profile, which can be used in real translational research.

TL;DR: Assessment of tumor response by FDG-PET has been shown to correlate with histopathologic tumor regression and patient survival, and quantitative measurements of tumor FDG uptake may predict histopathological tumor response and patient outcome as early as 2 weeks after initiation of preoperative chemotherapy.

TL;DR: The candidate that is most advanced in terms of drug development is recombinant human keratinocyte growth factor (rHuKGF; palifermin), which in phase III clinical trials was shown to reduce the severity and duration of oral mucositis and improve clinical sequelae.