Showing papers in "Seminars in Oncology in 2009"

TL;DR: Chemotherapy, endocrine, and local therapies have the potential to significantly impact both the physiologic health-including future fertility, premature menopause, and bone health-and the psychological health of young women as they face a diagnosis of breast cancer.

TL;DR: In this paper, rapamycin (mTOR) is found to activate 4E-binding protein 1 (4E-BP1) and p70S6k (S6K), translation initiation factors that are important to cap-dependent mRNA translation.

TL;DR: There is no tumor marker or patient characteristic that reliably predicts the development of neoplastic meningitis, and diagnosis still relies on suggestive signs and symptoms, positive CSF cytology, or a consistent MRI-all late manifestations of NM.

TL;DR: This review covers the initial approach to a UPC biopsy; the diagnosis of malignancy and broad tumor typing into carcinoma, melanoma, lymphoma, or sarcoma; and further subtyping of carcinoma into germ cell, squamous, neuroendocrine, and solid organ including liver and renal, and adenocarcinomas.

TL;DR: Current and past practice of intrathecal therapy in ALL and NHL and the risk models that aim to identify predictors of CNS relapse in NHL are reviewed.

TL;DR: This overview summarizes cancer epidemiology, risk factors, survival, racial/ethnic and gender differences, diagnostic and treatment approaches, psychosocial challenges, and current organizational research and supportive care strategies in young adults.

TL;DR: Observations in the population, coupled to the findings that both estrogen receptors (ERs) and aromatase, the enzyme that synthesizes 17beta-estradiol, are expressed by lung tumors, suggest a role for female steroid hormones in control of lung cancer growth.

TL;DR: The high rate of survival, combined with the need for long-term monitoring for relapse or late effects, demonstrates the challenge of delivering longitudinal care in this mobile and active young adult population.

TL;DR: Tumor grade/differentiation currently is an important determinant of the management of these patients, and therapy in the future will be based on a more precise knowledge of the unique biology of these tumors.

TL;DR: The epidemiology of lung cancer in women, as well as the incidence of second primaries, is discussed, and current opinions on the myriad of causes are presented.

TL;DR: The role of chemotherapy in recurrent disease is discussed, the various agents used in this setting are described, and the role of biologic agents in recurrent epithelial ovarian carcinoma is touched on.

TL;DR: Improvements in diagnostic pathology and molecular characterization of these carcinomas are likely to soon help select more appropriate and tailored therapies for many of these patients, particularly those with unfavorable prognosis factors.

TL;DR: A focus on self-efficacy has the potential to promote young adults' abilities to remain active and independent, seek and understand medical information, manage stress, cope with treatment-related side effects, maintain a "positive attitude," regulate emotions, and seek social support.

TL;DR: The biology and clinical impact of translocation-associated sarcomas are reviewed and the clinical findings that have made a recent impact upon patients with these diverse diagnoses are reviewed.

TL;DR: This review summarizes current recommendations for the evaluation and treatment of patients in each of several subsets with favorable prognostic subsets of carcinoma of unknown primary site.

TL;DR: Repeat surgical cytoreduction appears to offer a survival benefit for select patients with recurrent ovarian cancer and should be considered, and surgery also plays a role in the palliation of certain patients.

TL;DR: The epidemiological data on NHL and HL from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results registries are reviewed as a cornerstone for a comparative analysis of therapeutic outcomes available in this population.

TL;DR: The management of early and locally advanced cervical carcinoma is reviewed, including staging, imaging, prognostic factors, and primary and adjuvant therapy and their outcomes.

TL;DR: The advantages and disadvantages of intra-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) versus systemic strategies for treating neoplastic meningitis are discussed and future treatment options using novel targets for intra-CSF therapy will be addressed.

TL;DR: The introduction of new biological agents has offered ways to control metastatic disease that may eventually show promise in the treatment of earlier-stage CRC and the benefit of these newer agents in young adults is assumed but currently unproven.

TL;DR: The overall accuracy of genomic cancer classification in patients with known primary cancers is 80% to 90%.

TL;DR: It is argued that the impact of cancer in young adults is different from experiences during childhood, and attempts to improve knowledge, re-integrate into normal life and work, and promote self-care (eg, awareness of risks associated with smoking) are described.

TL;DR: Young adults with cancer have not enjoyed the same improvement in CS over time compared with other age groups, and explanations include the biologic nature of the type of cancers in young adults and less effective therapies for patients in the age group.

TL;DR: Exploratory analyses indicate that temsirolimus benefits those patients with metastatic R CC and multiple adverse prognostic factors regardless of tumor histology or nephrectomy status, and is now considered an important first-line treatment option for patients with advanced RCC and multiple factors predictive of short survival.

TL;DR: There is variation in gene expression between men and women in some genes that encode carcinogen-metabolizing enzymes (CYP1A1, GSTM), and future research into lung cancer needs to address gender differences more specifically.

TL;DR: The GOG has recently reported the results from a phase II trial evaluating the anti-vascular agent, bevacizumab, in women who were eligible for second-line or third-line therapy for metastatic and/or recurrent disease (protocol 227C).

TL;DR: Correlative studies from patient tissue samples and cell lines have rendered the same information, indicating that the signaling pathways dysregulated in lung cancer are complex and interdependent.

TL;DR: Recently, adjuvant chemotherapy has been shown to improve outcomes in high-risk nonmetastatic (stage III) disease, and newer agents such as mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors show promise, and are currently being tested in a clinical trials.

TL;DR: A comprehensive collection of the clinical trial results reported to date for temsirolimus in various solid and hematologic malignancies, as well as current strategies being tested in ongoing trials are reviewed.