Showing papers in "Sensor Review in 2009"
TL;DR: An overview of the wide range of biomimetic sensor technology and innovations can be found in this article, where the reader can find information of value for those seeking innovative sensor designs and research information for those who want to research in this area.
Abstract: Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the wide range of biomimetic sensor technology and innovations.Design/methodology/approach – The reader is introduced to biomimetic sensors, their types, their advantages and how they are different from traditional sensors. Background information is also provided regarding sensor design, inspiration and innovation.Findings – There are two approaches to sensor design, which lead to diverse advantages and innovations. Classification of biomimetic sensors indicated which natural senses are underutilized by sensor designers and researchers.Originality/value – The paper provides information of value for those seeking innovative sensor designs and research information for those who want to research in this area.
63 citations
TL;DR: A review of the development of energy harvesting techniques and their use with wireless, self-powered sensors is presented in this article, where the authors consider the need for wireless sensors and then discuss a number of products and recent development activities.
Abstract: Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to review the development of energy harvesting techniques and their use with wireless, self‐powered sensors.Design/methodology/approach – This paper first considers the need for wireless sensors and then discusses a number of products and recent development activities.Findings – Energy harvesting devices based on electrodynamic, piezoelectric and thermoelectric effects, implemented through electromechanical, microelectromechanical systems and nanotechnological approaches, are attracting strong academic and commercial interest. A limited number of sensors and systems exploiting these effects are in production and many more are under development. Some actual and anticipated applications include industrial condition monitoring, structural monitoring and healthcare.Originality/value – This provides a technical insight into energy harvesting techniques and their applications to wireless sensing.
56 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors analyzed the characteristics of sound during gas tungsten argon welding (GTAW), which is very important to effectively monitor the welding quality in future by using the information extracted from sound.
Abstract: Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to analyze the characteristics of sound during gas tungsten argon welding (GTAW), which is very important to effectively monitor the welding quality in future by using the information extracted from sound.Design/methodology/approach – The hardware used in the experiment is described. Then the paper researches the influence of welding techniques (gas flow, welding speed, welding current, and arc length) on arc sound and the distribution of the welding sound field. Finally, the relation between welding power and sound are studied based on Fourier transforms and recursive least square methods.Findings – The sound pressure is affected greatly by gas flow, arc length, and current; welding sound source obeys the dipole model; the sound can be better predicted when the three orders derivative of the welding power are combined together.Originality/value – This paper provides a new insight into welding sound resource model and a detailed analysis of the influence of the weldi...
52 citations
TL;DR: A technical review of recent nanosensor research can be found in this article, where a number of emerging nanosensing technologies and two specific areas of application are considered, including healthcare, defence and homeland security, environmental monitoring and light sensing and imaging.
Abstract: Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide a technical review of recent nanosensor research.Design/methodology/approach – This paper describes a number of nanosensor research themes and recent development activities, with an emphasis on work conducted or reported since 2006. It considers a range of emerging nanosensing technologies and two specific areas of application.Findings – This paper shows that nanosensor technology is developing rapidly and is the subject of a global research effort. Technologies such as nano‐electromechanical system, nano‐opto‐electromechanical system, nanophotonics and the combination of nanotechnology with microtechnology offer prospects to yield sensors for a wide range of chemical, biochemical and physical variables in applications which include healthcare, defence and homeland security, environmental monitoring and light sensing and imaging.Originality/value – This paper provides a technically detailed, up‐to‐date account of recent nanosensor research.
44 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a contactless and batteryless loading sensor system that can measure the internal loading of an object structure through several covering materials for structural health monitoring is described. But it has been difficult to realize sensing by RFID because of the low power supply.
Abstract: Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to describe the development of a contactless and batteryless loading sensor system that can measure the internal loading of an object structure through several covering materials for structural health monitoring.Design/methodology/approach – The paper proposed an architecture by which two radio frequency identification (RFID) tags are used in the system. It has been difficult to realize sensing by RFID because of the low power supply. To solve the power supply problem, a method using functional distribution of RFID tags of two kinds of RFID for communication and power supply was proposed. One RFID tag is specialized as a power supply for communication of strain loading information through A/D conversion. Another is specialized to supply power for driving the strain gauges bridge circuit.Findings – By using developed system, the measurement of the structural internal loading with 20.0 mm depth was possible through covering materials such as concrete, but also plaster ...
39 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors review traditional hermeticity test methods when applied to typical microelectro-mechanical systems (MEMS) cavity volumes and propose potential solutions.
Abstract: Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to review traditional hermeticity test methods when applied to typical micro‐electro‐mechanical systems (MEMS) cavity volumes and to propose potential solutions.Design/methodology/approach – Standards for traditional testing have been applied to typical MEMS cavity volumes and the resulting issues of range and sensitivity discussed. In situ test structures have been designed and fabricated with access to the internal cavities to allow characterisation of the structures as a function of pressure.Findings – The ultra low leak rates necessary to guarantee hermeticity of MEMS cannot be measured using traditional methods. Optical test methods are possible although in situ test structures currently provide the greatest sensitivity. A portfolio of test techniques is required to allow accurate hermeticity testing of MEMS.Research limitations/implications – This paper provides a starting point for further investigation into several methods of MEMS hermeticity testing.Original...
35 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors provide details of recent developments in terahertz (THz) imaging technology and its applications, and discuss the properties, perceived imaging uses and sources of THz radiation.
Abstract: Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide details of recent developments in terahertz (THz) imaging technology and its applications.Design/methodology/approach – This paper first discusses the properties, perceived imaging uses and sources of THz radiation. It then describes passive and active imaging systems through reference to commercial products and their applications. Finally, it considers future prospects and key technological developments.Findings – This paper shows that the commercialisation of passive and active imaging systems has been gradual but uses are emerging in a range of security, material testing and healthcare applications. Market development has been hindered in part by the high cost of systems and certain technological and operational limitations. Research which aims to overcome these problems is widespread and much involves the development of improved sources and detectors.Originality/value – The paper provides a detailed insight into the present state of THz imaging technol...
27 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a passive vision system was used to capture the clear weld seam and weld pool image simultaneously, and the method of composite edge detectors can be effectively and accurately recognized the weld seam edges.
Abstract: Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to describe work aimed to control the Al alloy welding penetration through the passive vision for welding robot.Design/methodology/approach – First a passive vision system was established. The system can capture the Al alloy welding image. Based on the analysis of the characteristic of the welding image, the composite edge detectors were developed to recognize the shape of the weld seam and the weld pool. To realize the automatic control of the Al alloy‐weld process, the relation between the welding parameter and the quality of the weld appearance was established through the random welding experiment. The wire feed was chosen with PID controller adjusting the wire feed rate according to the weld gap variation.Findings – This paper finds that the passive vision system can be captured the clear weld seam and weld pool image simultaneously. the method of composite edge detectors can be effectively and accurately recognize the weld seam edges. The wire feed rate controll...
21 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present an implementation of ultrasonic tomography simulation to investigate the laminar flow of stratified liquid between water and oil in an acrylic pipe with 16 pairs of sensors mounted non-invasively around the periphery of the acrylic pipe.
Abstract: Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present an implementation of ultrasonic tomography simulation to investigate the laminar flow of stratified liquid between water and oilDesign/methodology/approach – The velocity of ultrasonic waves varies in water, oil, and different composition of water and oil The composition of water and oil can be determined from the measurement of this propagation time Sixteen pairs of ultrasonic sensors are mounted non‐invasively around the periphery of an acrylic pipe The grease is used as the coupling material to mount these ultrasonic sensors Different compositions of water and oil are used and the propagation times of the ultrasonic waves through the medium are measured The composition of the water and oil of the flow is determined from the reconstructed imagesFindings – The paper finds that information about the distribution of the components within the sensing zone is obtained from the sensors' measurements These measurements are then used to reconstruct the c
19 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe common methods for evaluating the performance of wireless devices such as wireless sensors in harsh radio environments, and describe how measurements of real-world propagation environments can be used to support the evaluation process.
Abstract: Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to describe common methods for evaluating the performance of wireless devices such as wireless sensors in harsh radio environments.Design/methodology/approach – The paper describes how measurements of real‐world propagation environments can be used to support the evaluation process, then presents representative measurement data from multipath environments where sensor networks are likely to be deployed: a fixed‐infrastructure, process‐control environment (here an oil refinery), and a heavy industrial environment (here an automotive assembly plant).Findings – Results on the characterization of multipath in the propagation channel are summarized and how these results may be used in the performance evaluation of sensor networks is discussed.Originality/value – The paper describes measurement results from environments where little open‐literature data exists on point‐to‐point propagation, specifically high‐multipath environments. These highly reflective scenarios can pre...
19 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors provide an up-to-date technical review of a range of biomimetic sensor designs and concepts, including the fabrication of artificial sensing organs, emulating human senses, novel uses of biological structures and systems exploiting biologically-inspired behaviour.
Abstract: Purpose – This paper aims to provide an insight into recent biomimetic sensor developments.Design/methodology/approach – Following a brief introduction, this paper considers a number of specific sensor R&D activities which involve the use of differing biomimetic concepts, including the fabrication of artificial sensing organs, emulating human senses, novel uses of biological structures and systems exploiting biologically‐inspired behaviour.Findings – This paper shows that a range of different biomimetic design concepts are being applied to sensors that respond to a range of physical, gaseous and chemical variables. Robust, multi‐sensor systems are being developed which emulate biologically‐inspired behaviour.Originality/value – This paper provides an up to date technical review of a range of differing biomimetic sensor designs and concepts.
TL;DR: Wang et al. as discussed by the authors used different sensors to get different information about the welding process, and uses multi-sensor information fusion technology to fuse the different information to predict the backside width of weld pool.
Abstract: Purpose – Welding process is a complicated process influenced by many interference factors, a single sensor cannot get information describing welding process roundly. This paper simultaneously uses different sensors to get different information about the welding process, and uses multi‐sensor information fusion technology to fuse the different information. By using multi‐sensors, this paper aims to describe the welding process more precisely.Design/methodology/approach – Electronic and welding pool image information are, respectively, obtained by arc sensor and image sensor, then electronic signal processing and image processing algorithms are used to extract the features of the signals, the features are then fused by neural network to predict the backside width of weld pool.Findings – Comparative experiments show that the multi‐sensor fusion technology can predict the weld pool backside width more precisely.Originality/value – The multi‐sensor fusion technology is used to fuse the different information o...
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors demonstrate the feasibility of using kinetic energy harvesting to power wireless condition monitoring sensors and demonstrate that it is perfectly feasible to power practical WSNs entirely from the vibrations of the machines being monitored.
Abstract: Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the feasibility of using kinetic energy harvesting to power wireless condition monitoring sensors. Design/methodology/approach – The system presented duty cycles its operation depending upon the energy being harvested. The harvested energy is stored on a supercapacitor and the system samples sufficient vibration data to enable an FFT to be performed at the receiver. Findings – The results of this study show it is perfectly feasible to power practical wireless condition monitoring sensors entirely from the vibrations of the machines being monitored. Originality/value – Energy harvesting techniques can be used to power wireless sensors in a range of applications. Removing the need for a battery power supply presents obvious environmental benefits and avoids the need to periodically replace batteries.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors reveal how technology is being applied to augment drivers' skills and improve road safety throughout Europe, revealing how technology can be used to augment driver's skills and improving road safety.
Abstract: Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to reveal how technology is being applied to augment drivers' skills and improve road safety throughout Europe.Design/methodology/approach – The paper begins with a description of the European Commission's car safety initiatives, and why they are necessary. Then three driver‐assistance systems are examined in detail: adaptive cruise control, lane departure and lane‐changing systems, and driver vigilance monitoring.Findings – Radar, lidar, and imaging sensors are being used and sometimes fused to build highly intelligent driver assistance equipment. The response of the system is crucial to its acceptance and success: false alarms or over‐violent actuation would lead to rejection. Neither must the system encourage over‐confidence. It is estimated that drowsiness detection could prevent 30 per cent of fatal motorway crashes.Originality/value – The paper alerts engineers and drivers to a long‐term Europe‐wide project to develop and deploy driver assistance technologies.
TL;DR: The design and fabrication of a micro‐accelerometer to be used to measure the heart wall motion of patients who have just undergone coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery demonstrate the viability of this type of sensor for heart wallmotion measurement.
Abstract: Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to review the design and fabrication of a micro‐accelerometer to be used to measure the heart wall motion of patients who have just undergone coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. The sensor will provide a means of early warning for the medical staff of associated complications with this surgery occurring.Design/methodology/approach – A feasibility paper is carried out with the use of commercially available MEMS three‐axis accelerometers. The sensors are used in animal studies during which the sensor is stitched directly to the surface of a pig's heart. A need for smaller sensors is required and these are designed in‐house and fabricated using a MEMS process. The final dimensions of the sensors are 2.5×3.5×1.4 mm in width, length and height, respectively.Findings – The results of the feasibility studies demonstrate the viability of this type of sensor for heart wall motion measurement. It is possible to detect abnormalities, which can indicate complications as...
TL;DR: In this paper, a wireless strain sensor system is described, which will allow easier collection of accurate strain signals in civil engineering structures, and the data fusion method is proposed based on batch estimation theory.
Abstract: Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to describe a wireless strain sensor system which will allow easier collection of accurate strain signals in civil engineering structures. The sensor system is developed by integrating with resistance strain gauge, and the data fusion method is proposed based on batch estimation theory.Design/methodology/approach – The principle of resistance strain gauge is discussed and the project of wireless acquisition system of strain signal is given. Wireless strain sensor is integrated with modularization method. Based on batch estimation theory, the data fusion method of strain signal is described. The experiment of wireless strain sensor system is finished on a typical concrete beam structure, the measure data processed by using the data fusion method and the arithmetic average value method is compared and analyzed.Findings – The research result shows that the wireless strain sensor can be installed easily and thus is applied compatibly to local monitoring in civil engineer...
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used optical tomography to view the flow concentration of the flowing material in a pipeline conveyor and used a digital signal processor (DSP) to control the data acquisition.
Abstract: Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to view the flow concentration of the flowing material in a pipeline conveyor.Design/methodology/approach – Optical tomography provides a method to view the cross sectional image of flowing materials in a pipeline conveyor. Important flow information such as flow concentration profile, flow velocity and mass flow rate can be obtained without the need to invade the process vessel. The utilization of powerful computer together with expensive data acquisition system (DAQ) as the processing device in optical tomography systems has always been a norm. However, the advancements in silicon fabrication technology nowadays allow the fabrication of powerful digital signal processors (DSP) at reasonable cost. This allows the technology to be applied in optical tomography system to reduce or even eliminate the need of personal computer and the DAQ. The DSP system was customized to control the data acquisition of 16 × 16 optical sensors (arranged in orthogonal projection) and 23 ...
TL;DR: In this paper, a selective wet-etching method of boron doped low pressure chemical vapour deposition (LPCVD) polysilicon film for the realization of piezoresistors over the bulk micromachined diaphragm of (100) silicon with improved yield and uniformity is presented.
Abstract: Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present a selective wet‐etching method of boron doped low‐pressure chemical vapour deposition (LPCVD) polysilicon film for the realization of piezoresistors over the bulk micromachined diaphragm of (100) silicon with improved yield and uniformity.Design/methodology/approach – The method introduces discretization of the LPCVD polysilicon film using prior etching for the grid thus dividing each chip on the entire wafer. The selective etching of polysilicon for realizing of piezoresistors is limited to each chip area with individual boundaries.Findings – The method provides a uniform etching on the entire silicon wafer irrespective of its size and leads to economize the fabrication process in a batch production environment with improved yield.Research limitations/implications – The method introduces one extra process step of photolithography and subsequent etching for discretizing the polysilicon film.Practical implications – The method is useful to enhance yield whi...
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present an overview of research to develop solutions for several of the major problems in high-frequency ultrasound array fabrication, including the fabrication of fine-scale piezocomposite fabrication and the small size of arrays and their interconnects.
Abstract: Purpose – High‐frequency transducer arrays that can operate at frequencies above 30 MHz are needed for high‐resolution medical ultrasound imaging. The fabrication of such devices is challenging not only because of the fine‐scale piezocomposite fabrication typically required but also because of the small size of arrays and their interconnects. The purpose of this paper is to present an overview of research to develop solutions for several of the major problems in high‐frequency ultrasound array fabrication.Design/methodology/approach – Net‐shape 1‐3 piezocomposites operating above 40 MHz are developed. High‐quality surface finishing makes photolithographic patterning of the array electrodes on these fine scale piezocomposites possible, thus establishing a fabrication methodology for high‐frequency kerfless ultrasound arrays.Findings – Structured processes are developed and prototype components are made with them, demonstrating the viability of the selected fabrication approach. A 20‐element array operating...
TL;DR: An efficient, interactive foreground/background image segmentation method using mean shift (MS) and graph cuts, in order to improve the segmentation performance with little user interaction is presented.
Abstract: Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present an efficient, interactive foreground/background image segmentation method using mean shift (MS) and graph cuts, in order to improve the segmentation performance with little user interaction.Design/methodology/approach – By incorporating the advantages of the mean shift method and the graph cut algorithm, the proposed approach ensures the accuracy of segmentation results. First, the user marks certain pixels as foreground or background. Then the graph is constructed and the cost function composed of the boundary properties and the region properties is defined. To obtain the hidden information of user interaction, the foreground and background marks are clustered separately by the mean shift method. The region properties are determined by the minimum distances from the unmarked pixels to the foreground and background clusters. The boundary properties are determined by the relationship between the unmarked pixels and its neighbor pixels. Finally, using the gr...
TL;DR: In this paper, a colorimetric sensor for the detection of methyl parathion (MP) using simple circuitry was developed, and the detection limits were found within a range of 0.1-1.5ppm.
Abstract: Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to develop a sensitive and cost effective colorimetric sensor for detection of methyl parathion (MP) using simple circuitry. A simple and sensitive concept of colorimetric sensor instrument represents a rapidly expanding field of sensor techniques to monitor MP neurotoxins is described within certain conditions of producing color in samples. The variation of intensity of color with concentration provides discrimination between different concentrations of MP. The colorimetric instrument displays well‐defined signals towards hydrolyzed samples of MP.Design/methodology/approach – The principle of light intensity measurement has been applied to measure various concentrations of MP based on Lambert‐Beer theory. This device and its processes are useful for quantitative analysis of MP. The detection limits were found within a range of 0.1‐1.5 ppm.Findings – The experiments from sophisticated analytical techniques are costly and time‐consuming processes that validate the pro...
TL;DR: In this article, the authors explore concepts and manufacturing issues for the emerging piezo-on-silicon technology being used in ultra-sound devices, including surface finishing techniques such as grinding, bonding technology for dissimilar materials, and through-wafer via fabrication.
Abstract: Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore concepts and manufacturing issues for the emerging piezo on silicon technology being used in ultra‐sound devices. Development of 3D silicon‐on‐silicon structures is now under way. Additional functionality can be achieved using piezoelectric‐on‐silicon structures and work in this area has started. A commercialisation road map is required, specifying development of the design and fabrication techniques from research to high volume and lower volume high‐value manufacture of niche products.Design/methodology/approach – This conceptual paper outlines processes needed, along with their possible sources with illustrations of present capabilities. Included are surface finishing techniques such as grinding, bonding technology for dissimilar materials, and through‐wafer‐via fabrication. Control of acoustic propagation, thermal expansion and electric field fringing effects will be considered.Findings – Areas that require research and development are identified with p...
TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss two proposed packaging processes for large-scale manufacture of microfluidic systems, one of which uses the overmould as a physical support structure and the other uses low-frequency induction heating (LFIH).
Abstract: Purpose – Microfluidic or “lab‐on‐a‐chip” technology is seen as a key enabler in the rapidly expanding market for medical point‐of‐care and other kinds of portable diagnostic device. The purpose of this paper is to discuss two proposed packaging processes for large‐scale manufacture of microfluidic systems.Design/methodology/approach – In the first packaging process, polymer overmoulding of a microfluidic chip is used to form a fluidic manifold integrated with the device in a single step. The anticipated advantages of the proposed method of packaging are ease of assembly and low part count. The second process involves the use of low‐frequency induction heating (LFIH) for the sealing of polymer microfluidics. The method requires no chamber, and provides fast and selective heating to the interface to be joined.Findings – Initial work with glass microfluidics demonstrates feasibility for overmoulding through two separate sealing principles. One uses the overmould as a physical support structure and providing...
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors study the development of a sensor mimicking the human skin and reveal the integration of innovative sensing, signal processing, and power supply technologies, revealing originality/value.
Abstract: Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to study the scientific developments behind the announcement of a sensor mimicking the human skin.Design/methodology/approach – A brief review of the potential applications and design constraints of the robot skin is followed by an examination of published papers that trace its development.Findings – When sensors are embedded in an elastic matrix, connecting wires and mechanical attachments undermine the mechanical properties of that matrix. Progressive miniaturisation of the sensing devices, and ingenious methods of supplying power and communicating data, have gradually overcome this problem.Originality/value – The paper reveals the integration of innovative sensing, signal processing and power‐supply technologies.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors demonstrate the simplicity and versatility of micro-cantilever based sensors and present the influence of added mass and stress on the frequency response of the sensor in order to determine the most suitable sensing domain for a given application.
Abstract: Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the simplicity and versatility of micro‐cantilever based sensors and to present the influence of added mass and stress on the frequency response of the sensor in order to determine the most suitable sensing domain for a given application.Design/methodology/approach – The frequency response of micro‐cantilevers depends not only on the applied mass and surface stress, but also on the mass position. An interpretation of the theoretical frequency results of the 1st and 2nd natural frequencies, for added mass, identifies a nodal point for the 2nd natural frequency which demonstrates mass invariance. Hence, at this nodal point, the frequency response remains constant regardless of mass and may be used for identifying purely induced surface stress influences on the micro‐cantilever's dynamic response. The Rayleigh‐Ritz energy method is used for the theoretical analysis. Theoretical results are compared with experimental results.Findings – A graph of the 2nd n...
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors explore progress in electronic circuit miniaturisation, and study the new medical sensor devices emerging, including noncontact sensors and medical implant devices, and examine circuit packaging advances in the mobile phone sector.
Abstract: Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore progress in electronic circuit miniaturisation, and study the new medical sensor devices emerging.Design/methodology/approach – Circuit packaging advances in the mobile phone sector are examined. The products and expertise of a leading producer of non‐contact sensors and medical implants are described, followed by a series of medical applications of 3D circuitry.Findings – Mobile phone enhancements are driving innovations in electronics that are transferable to other industries. Wafer‐thinning and 3D interconnection techniques shrink complex circuitry, enabling the construction of sensitive intelligent wireless sensors. Biologically inert packaging enables such devices to be implanted in the human body to improve sight and hearing, and monitor bone‐healing after surgery.Originality/value – The paper shows how electronic packaging innovations are spinning out into non‐contact sensors and medical implants and will be of interest to engineers in these fields,...
TL;DR: In this paper, the requirements for long-term implantation of electronic devices with a focus on packaging and encapsulation are discussed, and two examples of innovative application of alternative package manufacture and sealing method are described.
Abstract: Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to discuss the requirements for long‐term implantation of electronic devices with a focus on packaging and encapsulation.Design/methodology/approach – Owing to their intended long‐term use in the human body, implants for electrical stimulation present specific challenges to the engineers. The respective roles of packaging and encapsulation must be clearly understood to make the most of new materials and modern machining technologies. This paper offers an introduction to the current situation and highlights challenges for future developments.Findings – The innovative application of modern technologies may be useful to tackle key issues of encapsulation and sealing of small electrical devices for long‐term implantation.Originality/value – Two examples of innovative application of alternative package manufacture and sealing method are described.
TL;DR: A set of techniques dedicated to the classification of industrial textures that avoids the need for a global re‐learning of the all textures each time a new texture is presented to the system and allows on‐line learning of new textures.
Abstract: Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to propose a set of techniques, in the domain of texture analysis, dedicated to the classification of industrial textures. One of the main purposes was to deal with a high diversity of textures, including structural and highly random patterns.Design/methodology/approach – The global system includes a texture segmentation phase and a classification phase. The approach for image texture segmentation is based on features extracted from wavelets transform, fuzzy spectrum and interaction maps. The classification architecture uses a fuzzy grammar inference system.Findings – The classifier uses the aggregation of features from the several segmentation techniques, resulting in high flexibility concerning the diversity of industrial textures. The resulted system allows on‐line learning of new textures. This approach avoids the need for a global re‐learning of the all textures each time a new texture is presented to the system.Practical implications – These achievements demons...
TL;DR: An automatic inspection method of colors and textures classification of paper and cloth objects that shows that recognition rate higher than 97.86 percent can be achieved if color and texture features are both used as the inputs to the networks.
Abstract: Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present an automatic inspection method of colors and textures classification of paper and cloth objects.Design/methodology/approach – In this system, the color image is transformed from RGB model to other suitable color model with one of the components being chosen as the gray‐level image for extracting textures. The gray‐level image is decomposed into four child images using wavelet transformation. Two child images capable of detecting variations along columns and rows are used to generate 0° and 90° co‐occurrence matrices, respectively. Some of the distinguishable texture features are derived from the two co‐occurrence matrixes. Finally, the test image is classified using neural networks. Nine color papers and eight color cloths are used to test the developed classification method.Findings – The results show that recognition rate higher than 97.86 percent can be achieved if color and texture features are both used as the inputs to the networks.Originality/value ...
TL;DR: A review of recent literature on flight in flies is given first, whereafter two biomimetic case studies are discussed; the optic flow sensor developed by a French team and the micro-mechanical flying insect project at the University of Berkeley.
Abstract: Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the recent research on the interaction between flight mechanics and sensory/control systems in flies. It furthermore, explores the application to biomimetic micro‐air vehicles (MAVs).Design/methodology/approach – A review of recent literature on flight in flies is given first, whereafter two biomimetic case studies are discussed; the optic flow sensor developed by a French team and the micro‐mechanical flying insect project at the University of Berkeley.Findings – The paper discusses the many areas where biological knowledge on flight in flies can be used by designers of MAVs.Practical implications – Fully autonomous MAVs, inspired by insect flight, could be useful in a wide range of areas including search‐and‐rescue, surveillance and for military purposes.Originality/value – The paper gives an up to date overview of dipteran flight behaviour and points to ways in which this knowledge can be applied to MAVs. The paper should thus be useful f...