Showing papers in "Sleep Medicine Reviews in 2001"

TL;DR: There is a reciprocal relationship between sleep quality and pain, and the recognition of disturbed or unrefreshing sleep influences the management of painful medical disorders.

TL;DR: The overall picture is one of a disparate range of impairment following sleep loss and sleep fragmentation, with executive impairment appears to be more closely related to hypoxaemic events than daytime sleepiness.

TL;DR: There is increasing concern for sleeplessness-related risks in modern society, and experimental data on the effects of both acute and cumulative partial sleep deprivation consistently point out that sleep restriction has substantial negative effects on sleepiness, motor and cognitive performance and mood, as well as on some metabolic, hormonal and immunological variables.

TL;DR: Preliminary results suggest that the length of the NREM-REM sleep cycle may be important for declarative memory and that stage 2 sleep may be involved with the memory for motor procedural but not cognitive procedural tasks.

TL;DR: This paper reviews the extensive literature describing ethanol's effects on the sleep of healthy normals and alcoholics and the newer literature that describes its interactive effects on daytime sleepiness, physiological functions during sleep, and sleep disorders.

TL;DR: Cognitive dysfunctions in people with sleep-related breathing disorders, insomnia and narcolepsy were reviewed to find consistent evidence for impaired driving simulation performance in SRBD patients and for other neuropsychological functions with less pronounced impairment.

TL;DR: The seven studies which find that beta EEG is elevated at around sleep onset and during polysomnographic sleep in patients with insomnia are critically reviewed, two theoretical perspectives on beta EEG are presented, and the concept of hyperarousal as a three component process is discussed.

TL;DR: A three step electrophysiological model of central nervous system regulation during sleep onset is proposed: initial processes appear to be alpha-related; intermediate processes, poorly studied to date, parallel the development of theta and vertex sharp wave activity, while the processes which terminate wakefulness are sigma sleep spindle-related.

TL;DR: It is argued that the inherent properties of organisation and regulation of sleep EEG in healthy men and women, elicited under challenge conditions, show gender-specific vulnerability to organisational abnormalities that model homeostatic abnormalities in depressed men andWomen and contribute to the genesis of depression.

TL;DR: The central nervous mechanisms involved in the broad network that generates and maintains REM sleep are reviewed, showing that not only acetylcholine but other neurotransmitters have an active key role in vRPO REM sleep generation mechanisms.

TL;DR: These studies establish mechanisms by which POA hypnogenic neurons can inhibit EEG and behavioral arousal, and there is evidence that arousal-related neurotransmitters inhibit VLPO sleep-active neurons.

TL;DR: The impact of sleep disorders and the benefit of treatment on those aspects of daily behavior likely to be most affected have more clearly been demonstrated with the utilization of disease-specific HRQL measures such as the Functional Outcomes of Sleep Questionnaire and the Calgary Sleep Apnea Quality of Life Index.

TL;DR: In the rat, the main effect of learning on post-training SS consists in the selective increment in the average duration of SS episodes initiating different types of sleep sequences, and this effect in sleep sequences including transition sleep (TS), appears related to the processing of memories of the novel avoidance response.

TL;DR: Recent research suggests successful treatment of insomnia may also relieve the primary disorder and merits follow-up, and future research is also needed on the efficacy of psychological treatment for SI for specific disorders as well as for older adults.

TL;DR: The selective disappearance of slow sleep characterizing the agrypnia excitata syndrome, together with other clinical and experimental findings, suggests that sleep can be divided into three types.

TL;DR: There is emerging evidence that children with SROBD show reduced neurocognitive functioning especially in the inter-related areas of attentional capacity, memory and cognitive function, and these children show increased problematic behaviour and reduced school performance.

TL;DR: After major non-cardiac surgery sleep pattern is usually disturbed with initial suppression of rapid eye movement sleep with a subsequent rebound during the first post-operative week, and the sleep disturbances seem to be related to the magnitude of trauma.

TL;DR: Sleeping sickness, once under control, is a re-emergent endemic parasitic disease in intertropical Africa marked by the disappearance of circadian rhythmicity demasking basic ultradian activities and relationships, such as the interdependence of endocrine profiles and the sleep-wake alternation.

TL;DR: The results show powerful CF influences on sleep responses to hypnotics and exercise and suggest a need for comparing these treatments in poor sleepers.

TL;DR: This review is to elevate awareness of circadian sleep disorders in totally blind people (especially free-running rhythms) and to provide some guidance for clinical management and to show how research on sleep and circadian rhythms in the totally blind can contribute insights into the scientific understanding of the human circadian system.

TL;DR: Iron deficiency in the central nervous system is known to cause motor impairment and cognitive deficits; more recently, it has been suggested that it may play a role in the pathophysiology of the restless leg syndrome.

TL;DR: Measures that could be applied to document the impact of sleep disorders on neurobehavioral performance and mood are described, factors affecting the selection of measures for research and practice are discussed, and evidence generated by the use of these instruments in research is described.

TL;DR: A review of haematological issues associated with OSA, especially platelet function, haem atocrit and haemoconcentration, finds evidence of elevated platelet activation and increased haematography in OSA.

TL;DR: This review addresses the clinical applications of some basic alterations in gastrointestinal functioning during sleep, with a particular focus on gastroesophageal reflux disease and functional bowel disorders.

TL;DR: The popular mandibular-advancement devices have a greater level of acceptance by patients than the standard nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment in recent head-to-head studies, but research is needed to determine the patients most appropriate for an oromandibular treatment and when CPAP is the treatment of choice.

TL;DR: The obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome (OSA/H) is characterised by repetitive obstruction of the upper airway during sleep, and although there is no clear evidence in this regard, CPAP may be effective alleviating these consequences as well.

TL;DR: The authors highlight the degree of uncertainty provided by the common law and statutory provisions, which mean that many of the current dilemmas facing practitioners may only be solved in the courts.

TL;DR: A systematic screening of gene expression in the brain of sleeping, sleep deprived and spontaneously awake rats revealed that the transition from sleep to waking can affect basic cellular functions such as RNA and protein synthesis, neural plasticity, neurotransmission, and metabolism.