Showing papers in "Sleep Medicine Reviews in 2007"

TL;DR: The present article reviews the current evidence in support of these three mechanisms that might link short sleep and increased obesity and diabetes risk.

TL;DR: An algorithm is established which optimises chronotype assessment by incorporating the information on timing of sleep and wakefulness for both work and free days, because sleep duration strongly depends on chronotype.

TL;DR: Over the past 30 years, research into environmental noise and sleep has focused on different situations and environments, and therefore the findings are variable, but it still seems necessary for some fundamental questions to be answered on whether environmental noise has long-term detrimental effects on health and quality of life and, if so, what these effects are for night-time, noise-exposed populations.

TL;DR: Studies from the past two decades are summarized, which have defined and quantified the dose, exposure duration, timing and wavelength of light needed to evoke alerting responses in humans, as well as their temporal relationship to light-induced changes in endocrinological and electrophysiological sequelae of alertness.

TL;DR: It has been proposed that DA cells in the midbrain show a change in temporal pattern rather than firing rate during the sleep-wake cycle, and a series of structures relevant for the regulation of the behavioral state could be partly responsible for the changes in the temporal pattern of activity of DA neurons.

TL;DR: Whether the scientific evidence supports these proposed mechanisms and what future research directions may clarify or test these hypotheses regarding the relationship between long sleep and mortality is considered.

TL;DR: This new model accounts for a wide range of dysphoric dream imagery and incorporates recent findings in the areas of brain imaging, sleep physiology, PTSD, anxiety disorders and the consolidation and extinction of fear memories.

TL;DR: This paper reviews and analyzes the scientific literature concerning the multiple complex factors associated with the development and maintenance of sleep disturbances in caregivers, and provides a clinical vignette that illustrates the interplay of these contributing factors.

TL;DR: Recognizing the dyadic nature of sleep and incorporating such knowledge into both clinical practice and research in sleep medicine may elucidate key mechanisms in the etiology and maintenance of both sleep disorders and relationship problems and may ultimately inform novel treatments.

TL;DR: Current knowledge regarding the effects of mu-opioids on sleep and respiration during sleep is reviewed and research pathways to advance knowledge are suggested and to explore the possible responsible mechanisms related to these effects are explored.

TL;DR: Sleep laboratory research has identified sleep disordered breathing, periodic leg movements, noise and touch among others as proximal triggers of sleepwalking episodes, and treatment of these triggers may result in resolution of sleepwalker without medication.

TL;DR: The evidence that primary insomnia may be linked with mood disorders and is associated with HPA axis overactivity and excess secretion of CRF, adrenocorticotropin releasing hormone, and cortisol is strengthened.

TL;DR: The clinical and polygraphic features of the different types of seizures in nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy and of the more common non-epileptic paroxysmal events during sleep are described.

TL;DR: Following CPAP therapy, older adults have increased alertness, improved neurobehavioral outcomes in cognitive processing, memory, and executive function, decreased sleep disruption from nocturia and a positive effect on factors affecting cardiac function, including vascular resistance, platelet coagulability and other aspects of cardiovascular health.

TL;DR: A more general conclusion is drawn that regulation of distal skin blood flow may have clinical relevance for insomnia, in particular sleep onset insomnia.

TL;DR: Three major chronotherapeutic inventions-light therapy, sleep deprivation (wake therapy) and sleep time displacement (sleep phase advance therapy) are being combined to snap hospitalized patients out of deep depression and maintain long-term improvement.

TL;DR: Antidepressant chronotherapeutics target the broadly defined depressive syndrome, with response and relapse rates similar to those obtained with antidepressant drugs, and good results are obtained even in difficult-to-treat conditions such as bipolar depression.

TL;DR: Overall, the evidence, while supporting that valerian is a safe herb associated with only rare adverse events, does not support the clinical efficacy ofvalerian as a sleep aid for insomnia.

TL;DR: Whether sleep apnea in the elderly represents a specific entity or the same disease as in younger subjects, with some distinctive features, is still unclear.

TL;DR: It is argued that it is also important to consider the 24-h regularity in the repeated occurrence of the zeitgebers, and a possible mechanism for the gradually evolving effects of repeated regularly timed stimuli on the circadian timing system is proposed.

TL;DR: Averaged event-related potentials provide a rich tool to investigators interested in probing the nervous system to evaluate daytime functioning in the face of sleep disruption, the ability of the sleeping nervousSystem to monitor the external environment, and the ability to respond to stimuli in a manner consistent with the initiation or maintenance of sleep.

TL;DR: The hypothesis is raised that the alterations in sleep promoted by exercise are mediated by cytokines, which, by increasing the nREM sleep phase, would stimulate the regenerating characteristics of sleep.

TL;DR: A clinical review of delayed sleep phase syndrome (DSPS) and non-24-h sleep-wake syndrome (non-24) is presented, finding multiple lines of evidence suggesting dysfunctions at the behavioral, physiological and genetic levels.

TL;DR: Regulation of the sleep-wake cycle by the SCN has important implications for development of therapies for sleep disorders, including those involving desynchronization of circadian rhythms and insomnia.

TL;DR: The aim of this systematic review was to provide evidence-based recommendations on the effect of various shift systems on neurobehavioural and physiological functioning and to identify areas which are lacking in appropriate evidence.

TL;DR: Another clinical history should be carried out to confirm the diagnosis of OSAS, to check CPAP compliance and to exclude associated conditions such as poor sleep hygiene, depression, narcolepsy or idiopathic hypersomnia.

TL;DR: It is argued that the function of sleep could be trivial for mammals and birds because sleep does not provide additional advantages over simple rest, and it is proposed that few, if any, phenotypic selectable traits do exist in sleep.

TL;DR: Treatment of OSA may help floppy eyelid syndrome, halt progression of associated glaucoma or optic neuropathy, and reduce intracranial pressure in patients with associated papilledema.

TL;DR: The Task Force on "Hypersomnias of central origin, not due to a circadian rhythm sleep disorder, sleep related breathing disorder, or other causes of disturbed nocturnal sleep" thoroughly revisited the nosology of narcolepsy and of idiopathic hypersomnia.

TL;DR: In their review, Grandner and Drummond address the health-related significance of long sleep duration and assess the state of the evidence regarding its role as a potential risk factor for mortality and list several proposed “mechanisms” that account for the observed relationship between longSleep duration and mortality.