Showing papers in "Sleep Medicine Reviews in 2013"

TL;DR: Evidence is presented that insomnia with objective short sleep duration is the most biologically severe phenotype of the disorder, as it is associated with cognitive-emotional and cortical arousal, activation of both limbs of the stress system, and a higher risk for hypertension, impaired heart rate variability, diabetes, neurocognitive impairment, and mortality.

TL;DR: The possible multiple and interconnected cancer-promoting mechanisms as a consequence of shift work are examined, i.e., repeated disruption of the circadian system, pineal hormone melatonin suppression by exposure to light at night, sleep-deprivation-caused impairment of the immune system, plus metabolic changes favoring obesity and generation of proinflammatory reactive oxygen species.

TL;DR: It is hypothesize on the one hand that REM sleep dysregulation in depression may be linked to a genetic predisposition/vulnerability to develop the illness; on the other hand it is conceivable thatREM sleep disinhibition in itself is a part of a maladaptive stress reaction with increased allostatic load.

TL;DR: Shift work is common in many occupations that directly affect the health and safety of others (e.g., protective services, transportation, healthcare), whereas quality of life, health, and safety during shift work and commute home can affect workers in any field as mentioned in this paper.

TL;DR: It is argued that studies aiming to elucidate common factors accounting for the comorbidity of insomnia, chronic pain, and depression should evaluate functioning within the mesolimbic dopaminergic system and its effect on common processes known to be dysregulated in all three disorders.

TL;DR: Clinicians should revise their previous attitudes, including suspicions about weight reduction as an effective treatment for OSA patients, and large well-controlled trials are needed to determine the overall efficacy of different treatment modalities and their long-term success.

TL;DR: Factors that may contribute to racial/ethnic differences in sleep including intra-ethnic variation, cultural biases, genetics and psychosocial factors are explored.

TL;DR: A theoretical framework in which the effects of sleep loss on cognition may be understood from the deficits in the underlying neurobiology to the applied consequences in real-world job tasks is outlined.

TL;DR: A comprehensive review of some of the most important findings from twin studies relating to sleep to date, with a focus on studies investigating genetic and environmental influences contributing to normal sleep characteristics and sleep disturbances.

TL;DR: A systematic review of literature search of adherence to CBTI revealed strong patterns and inconsistencies were identified among the studies, which complicate an evaluation of the role of adherence as a factor and outcome of CBTI success.

TL;DR: It is concluded that there was insufficient evidence regarding the association between shift work and prevalent MetS when the confounders are taken into account.

TL;DR: Current evidence does not confirm that treatment of OSA directly influences weight loss, but it does suggest that the potential role OSA plays in obesity and weight loss deserves further research.

TL;DR: On the basis of preclinical studies, it can be proposed that selective MCHR1 receptor agonists could constitute potential therapeutic modalities in the arsenal of insomnia pharmacotherapy.

TL;DR: This review examines efforts to reduce adolescent sleep restriction via school-based sleep promotion programs and recommends the use of motivational interviewing, which can detect individual differences in the degree of willingness to change, thus allowing motivational barriers to be adequately addressed on an individual basis.

TL;DR: The effect of CPAP on cognition is small and limited to attention, contrary to the general assumption, only slight improvement of neuropsychological functioning after CPAP treatment can be expected.

TL;DR: Indirect evidence of an increase in traffic accident rates, and change in health and regulatory behaviours which may be related to sleep disruption suggest that adjustment to daylight saving time is neither immediate nor without consequence.

TL;DR: This review will explore how observed increases in neuroendocrine stress, non-specific immune responses and pro-oxidative status could act as biological mediators for these damaging health risks in shift workers.

TL;DR: Current evidence suggesting the presence of a putative reciprocal connectivity between the substantia nigra pars compacta, VTA, the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus and reticular formation, which may exert an important influence on the REM sleep mechanism is discussed.

TL;DR: There is limited evidence concerning diagnostic alternatives to PSG for identifying OSA in children, however, polygraphy, urinary biomarkers, and rhinomanometry may be valid tests if their apparently high DTA is confirmed by subsequent studies.

TL;DR: It is speculated that continuous sensory input will modulate coupling and induce gamma band activity in the RAS that could participate in the processes of preconscious awareness, and provide the essential stream of information for the formulation of many of the actions.

TL;DR: The analyses suggest that the methods used in intervention studies encompassing sleep disorders and dementia could be improved by increasing accuracy of diagnosis, categorization of sleep disturbances, adherence to actigraphy, and by clearly defining the variables and endpoints in each study.

TL;DR: The existing literature suggests that addressing sleep disturbance in OCD patients may ensure a holistic approach to treatment, enhance treatment efficacy, mitigate relapse and protect against the onset of co-morbid psychiatric illnesses.

TL;DR: This work proposes a novel model of sleep regulation based on three processes; the direct photic regulation interacting with the circadian and homeostatic drives to determine the timing and quality of sleep and waking and suggests that light weighs on the components of the flip-flop switch model to induce respectively sleep or waking, in nocturnal and diurnal animals.

TL;DR: This review aims to give the reader a better understanding of the measurement and pathophysiology of arterial stiffness as well as providing an indication of how well a prognostic indicator are the various measures of arterials stiffness for hard cardiovascular endpoints.

TL;DR: A meta-analysis of treatments for nightmares concludes that there are both psychological and pharmacological interventions which have documented effects for the treatment of nightmares.

TL;DR: Evidence for hyperarousal caused by enhanced activation of the sympathetic nervous system in insomnia patients and animal models of tinnitus and insomnia show conspicuous similarities in the activation pattern of limbic and autonomous brain regions is reviewed to review the evidence for this hypothesis which may have implications for therapeutic intervention in tinnitis patients with comorbid insomnia.

TL;DR: This review was prompted by new studies of a selective H1 antagonist, which provide the first indication of the effects that are specifically associated with H1 antagonism, and hypothesize that significant sleep enhancing effects are likely when the histamine system is relatively active and the activity in other parallel wake promoting systems is relatively minimal.

TL;DR: The major finding, both in depressed patients and in healthy volunteers, is a decrease of dream recall frequency (DRF) under ADs, a rather consistent effect in tricyclic ADs and phenelzine, less consistently documented also for SSRIs/serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs).

TL;DR: Although data on these subjects have been produced, reports on pathophysiology, consequences and treatment of sleep disorders are scarce or contradictory and more studies are required.

TL;DR: As clinical use of arterial stiffness is growing in popularity, the efficacy of this useful tool in assessing cardiovascular risk reduction among patients with OSA treated with CPAP needs to be further explored.