Showing papers in "Social Science & Medicine in 1984"

TL;DR: Results show coping strategy use tends to be minimally explained by medical diagnosis, and the general modesty of coping effects and the failure of the stress buffering hypothesis to explain adjustment indicates a need for new research approaches and some modification of current theories of coping.

TL;DR: The author suggests that macro-economic conditions, although not directly influencing the suicide rate, may nevertheless constitute an important antecedent variable in the causal chain leading to self-harmful behaviour.

TL;DR: The study suggests the importance in the setting of family practice of a patient-centred approach, one which is similar to models such as the negotiated approach to patienthood, described by psychiatrists.

TL;DR: It is suggested that the fixed role-hypothesis and the nurturant role hypothesis complement each other and together partially explain the higher rates of physical illness and psychological distress among women.

TL;DR: The data indicate that social support is multidimensional, suggesting an interactive process whereby family support improves outlook, both outlook and opportunities for social exchange are related to one's sense of social functioning.

TL;DR: The similarities among reactions of early and advanced stage patients and mates were more striking than differences, indicating the profound impact of cancer over the course of the disease on patient and family alike.

TL;DR: The whole system of accountability during graduate medical specialty training was found to be a variable, and at times, contradictory process.

TL;DR: It is argued that an adequate phenomenology of medical knowledge, education and practice must recognize 'certainty' and 'uncertainty' as two different 'attitudes', which may co-exist simultaneously, reflecting different practical and theoretical interests.

TL;DR: It appears that, in the study population, interethnic homogeneity is present for most aspects of the pain experience, while intraethnic heterogeneity exists for factors that may influence that experience.

TL;DR: During a study of innovations in antenatal care it was found that overall levels of satisfaction with care were high, and pregnant women appeared to assume that whatever arrangements they had experienced were the best arrangements possible and to be negative about innovations until they had experiences them.

TL;DR: It is argued that attempts to establish the authentic version of what the patient says is misplaced as investigation can only reveal what is heard, not what is said.

TL;DR: Analysis of prospective studies examining how far the variables which make up the Health Belief Model predict attendance at a class teaching breast self-examination and a clinic providing mammography shows that different dimensions of the HBM are amongst the best predictors of attendance at each of the different services.

TL;DR: Data from the 1969 and 1971 panels of the National Longitudinal Survey of Middle-Aged Men are analyzed to assess the mediating effects of locus of control beliefs in the relationship between stressful job and economic events and psycho-physiological well-being and indicate that men with internal locu of control orientations respond more adequately to stress.

TL;DR: A reliable and valid measure has been developed to assess physicians' psychosocial beliefs and may be used to evaluate effectiveness of behavioral science teaching, describing regional or other differences in physician beliefs within and between specialties and estimating changes in provider beliefs.

TL;DR: Qualitative changes were observed in the infants' behavior, with those less than 12 months of age responding in a more spontaneous, diffuse manner, whereas the older infants displayed more anticipating distress, descriptive language and goal-directed movement.

TL;DR: It was found that some characteristics of the doctor-patient interaction; doctors' directiveness, doctors' emotional attitude towards the patient, patients' activity, Patients' partnership status had an effect on patients' health behavior (compliance with doctors' orders and patients' spontaneous health activity).

TL;DR: Sources of role conflict were found to be associated with cross-pressures in their roles as language interpreters, culture-brokers and patient advocates.

TL;DR: It is argued that Western societies are not ' death-denying' by any of the major criteria posed in the literature on the subject, and to say that the authors' contemporary societies are 'death-denius' has no theoretical or practical explanatory value.

TL;DR: Four ways of coping with uncertainty and anxiety can be distinguished, of which the use of self-instruction means was most common and expert help proved to be important for reduction of uncertainty.

TL;DR: Dietary manipulation was used to complement Western medicine in the multiple stages of the disease process by playing a predominant role at the beginning and end of the period of pathogenesis.

TL;DR: An exploratory community diagnosis of health project conducted in rural south India is described andrative data is presented on the rural poors' utilization of government health facilities, their attitudes towards Primary Health Centre staff, and their ideas about how a proposed community health worker scheme could best serve them.

TL;DR: Home management was common and comprised the administration of indigenous herbal remedies, of sugar and salt solutions, of over-the-counter drugs or of enemas, and there was a low demand for indigenous herbalists (n'angas).

TL;DR: This study of Hmong refugees at 1.5 and 3.5 years following arrival in the United States showed considerable improvement on psychiatric self-rating scales, and events in the acculturation process which accompany, and perhaps account for, some of these observations are indicated.

TL;DR: Community treatment did not increase the burden upon the community, was considered to be significantly more satisfactory and helpful by patients and their relatives, achieved a clinically superior outcome, and cost less than standard care and after-care.

TL;DR: The long-term use of low dose narcotic analgesics as a treatment component of a comprehensive pain management program is described and the questions of whether or not narcotic efficacy is maintained in long- term use, improvement of patients' function is continued and side effects develop are addressed.

TL;DR: An analysis of the reproductive histories of 72 marginally employed residents of a Northeast Brazilian rural shantytown explores the economic and cultural context that inhibits these mother's abilities to rear healthy, living children and which forces them to devise 'ethnoeugenic' childrearing strategies that prejudice the life chances of those offspring judged 'less fit' for survival under the pernicious conditions of life on the Alto.

TL;DR: This paper focuses on the illnesses and diseases which have been most intensively investigated and documented by previous researchers, and attempts to uncover the biases and/or assumptions that have led to this concentration on a few topics and groups at the expense of others.

TL;DR: Information reported relates to: health care manpower in the traditional sector; treatment seeking behavior in a pluralistic medical setting; traditional health beliefs and practices; payment practices; patterns of patient referral; attempts to establish an association of Healers; attitudes of healers toward paraprofessional training; and possibilities for specific types of cooperation between modern and traditional health sectors.

TL;DR: After reading the pamphlet (no matter which of the four) women showed greater intention to perform BSE regularly, and the effects of the pamphlet that were established are formed in a more informational, cognitive way.

TL;DR: A psychological factor--previous experience of pain--was found to be strongly associated with perceived levels of labour pain, and subjects who reported that they had previously experienced significant levels of pain unrelated to childbirth had low or moderate levels of Labour pain.