Showing papers in "Social Science & Medicine in 1990"

TL;DR: The grounded theory method is presented as a method having both phenomenological and positivistic roots, which leads to confusion and misinterpretations of the method.

TL;DR: A meta-analysis was performed to examine the relation of patients' sociodemographic characteristics to their satisfaction with medical care, and the distribution of correlations was significantly heterogeneous, and statistical contrasts revealed the operation of several moderating variables.

TL;DR: The results suggest that an internalized response to unfair treatment, plus non-reporting of race and gender discrimination, may constitute risk factors for high blood pressure among black women, and bolster the view that subjective appraisal of stressors may be inversely associated with risk of hypertension.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors propose a somewhat more complex framework, which they believe is sufficiently comprehensive and flexible to represent a wider range of relationships among the determinants of health, for good reasons; they try in a number of ways to maintain it, to improve it, or to adapt to its decline.

TL;DR: A refined model of work-related socio-emotional distress substantially contributes to the explanation of high IHD incidence among blue-collar men.

TL;DR: This case study examines the divorce account of a white working-class man with advanced multiple sclerosis to show how he constructs a definition of his divorcing situation, and a positive masculine identity, despite massive disability.

TL;DR: A model of empathic understanding is described which attempts to integrate the substantive findings in the research literature and seeks to generate new ideas for further investigation and the effect of individual practitioner differences in the components of empathy, empathic compatibility in practitioner-patient dyads, fluctuations in levels of practitioner empathy during long-term care.

TL;DR: This concluding essay discusses some crucial methodological issues raised by other papers in this issue and suggests directions for further conceptual development concerning the qualitative research on chronic illness.

TL;DR: It is argued that personal narratives of illness, social careers of sickness and physical courses of disease provide an important and complementary means of understanding changes in health status and can be considered as thermatically organised life stories.

TL;DR: Examination of recent patterns of rising homicide and suicide, intensified substance abuse, low birth weight and AIDS deaths in the Bronx section of New York City suggests ecologically informed interventions, particularly essential service restoration, may hold the potential for great positive impact.

TL;DR: In general, women at high risk due to age and family or personal history of breast disease were not more likely to participate in breast screening programs than women without those risk factors; the one group of variables that was fairly consistently associated with participation was the practice of other preventive health behaviors.

TL;DR: As acculturation increased, distress significantly increased in young adults but tended to decrease in older adults, and a longitudinal process whereby acculturated younger Mexican Americans attempting to advance themselves economically and socially in the dominant society strip themselves of traditional resources and ethnically-based social support is tentatively suggested.

TL;DR: The orphan burden is a window on the potential for massive social breakdown and dislocation in Sub-Saharan Africa resulting from high AIDS-related mortality and methodologies for data collection and planning that use indigenous political systems must be built quickly to avert disaster.

TL;DR: The multiple ways in which social and psychological risk factors may be related to pregnancy outcome are suggested and the need for well controlled studies in this area is emphasized.

TL;DR: Fruitful approaches to this end include further explication of the concept of social support and its measurement, studies of the causal pathways between social supports and health, and further understandings of the relationship between the different dimensions of support and mental and physical health.

TL;DR: The article concludes that projects should be designed and managed so as to demonstrate effectiveness in reaching clearly defined goals and objectives and gain significant levels of funding from national sources during the life of the project.

TL;DR: This paper initiates a discussion of some viable approaches to a critically applied as opposed to a clinically applied medical anthropology, and the dilemmas of the clinically applied anthropologists 'double agent' role are discussed.

TL;DR: The Nottingham Health Profile has been demonstrated to be a reliable indicator of common expressions of discomfort and stress in the general population and its linguistic adaptation into French, the derivation ofitem weights by Thurstone's method of paired comparisons and the comparison of item weights across various sociodemographic groups are described.

TL;DR: Comprehensive, coordinated and multidisciplinary outreach and services which address psychosocial and structural barriers are needed to improve prenatal care for low-income women.

TL;DR: The epidemiology of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in women in the United States is described and attention is directed to the ways in which AIDS is associated with the traditional female role.

TL;DR: This paper focuses on: (1) strategies caregivers used to 'hang on to' their respective loved ones as they were once known, and (2) the temporally subjective aspects of that experience.

TL;DR: Knowledge of organ donation facts was found to be related to whether subjects carried or requested an organ donor card, their attitude towards organ donation and their willingness to donate their own organs or the organs of a deceased loved one.

TL;DR: Tolerance for ambiguity may, indeed, affect practitioners' career choices and performance and that selection of medical students may be more important than medical training per se in influencing students' tolerance for ambiguity are suggested.

TL;DR: National and international government and nongovernment service providers in Central and East Africa need to recognize this potential impact of HIV/AIDS on children, expand AIDS-prevention efforts, and develop policies and programs to address children's HIV/ AIDS-related needs.

TL;DR: These stories reveal informants' perceptions of how popular American notions about disability frame social interactions between disabled and nondisabled individuals, how such interactions affect the self-images of disabled persons, and how the predictability of such interactions constitutes a disabled experience that may be uniform across American culture.

TL;DR: An account of the goals, methods and results of a British community study of coping with epilepsy is used to consider the nature and range of the contributions qualitative analyses can make to theory formation.

TL;DR: In the emerging era of treatable long-term sickness with relatively minor effects on physical capacity and life-style, it becomes vital for physicians who treat the chronically ill to know what the effects of technology and drugs are, not only in clinical terms, but also on their patients’ lives.

TL;DR: The results show a strong negative influence associated with having a mother whose autonomy in the household is low, but this effect does not disappear when mother's age and education, and household size and composition are taken into consideration, and the availability of other potential child-care substitutes is investigated.

TL;DR: Patients who prior to their surgery expressed a greater desire for information tended to experience less surgical pain and more negative psychological reactions, and greater perceived personal control over recovery was associated with a shorter hospital stay.