Showing papers in "Social Science & Medicine in 1996"

TL;DR: It is found that the pattern of sex differences in morbidity is more complicated than the conventional wisdom often suggests and that a relatively undifferentiated model of consistent sex differences has nevertheless continued to predominate in the literature.

TL;DR: Differentials in U.S. mortality among both men and women in the early 1980s are larger for men and for working ages than for women and persons age 65 and above and reduced in magnitude when controls for income, marital status and current place of residence are introduced.

TL;DR: It is found that African American women, on average, and those residing in low-income areas, in particular, experience worsening health profiles between their teens and young adulthood, contributing to their increasing risk of LBW or VLBW with advancing maternal age and to the black-white gap in this risk.

TL;DR: The study findings suggest that group-based credit programs can reduce men's violence against women by making women's lives more public, and it is argued that much more extensive interventions will be needed to significantly undermine it.

TL;DR: This paper describes photo novella within the broader context of the Ford Foundation-supported Yunnan Women's Health and Development Program and explains its application for influencing policy based on the experience carrying out photoNovella in China.

TL;DR: A review of literature on treatment seeking for malaria was undertaken to identify patterns of care seeking, and to assess what is known about the adequacy of the treatments used.

TL;DR: Examination of the structure and content of the bad news cancer consultations of 117 outpatients newly referred to the Medical Oncology Department of a large London teaching hospital showed that clinicians tended to use closed rather than open questions and patients asked few questions and were seldom given space to initiate discussion.

TL;DR: For women who were not employed, married women had better health trends than unmarried women in each follow-up interval, and it appears that marriage had beneficial effects on health for women who did not have a job which could provide an alternative source of financial resources and social support.

TL;DR: The Groningen Activity Restriction Scale (GARS) as mentioned in this paper is an easy to administer, comprehensive, reliable, hierarchical, and valid measure for assessing disability in older people, which can be administered both face-to-face and by mail questionnaire.

TL;DR: The authors develop the concept of risk households and suggest several policies with the potential to strengthen the ability of households to cope with the economic costs of illness.

TL;DR: If public health research, whatever the disciplinary perspective, is to provide an understanding of contemporary health problems that is simultaneously more robust and more holistic, it must incorporate and develop the theoretical and conceptual insights offered by this recent work on lay knowledge and with lay people.

TL;DR: This paper provides an enumeration of common misinterpretations of epidemiologic findings for religious involvement, as well as an outline of hypothesized pathways, mediating factors, and salutogenic mechanisms for respective religious dimensions.

TL;DR: A body of evidence derived from intervention studies in the post-neonatal, preschool, and school age periods suggest that performance in two basic domains of child development, the cognitive and the social-emotional, can be modified in ways which improve health, well-being, and competence in the long-term.

TL;DR: Overall, secondary education emerges as the most consistent predictor of health service use showing higher likelihood of use of all three services, and educational differentials in the use of delivery assistance start emerging only after secondary schooling.

TL;DR: It is suggested that the best way to implement social theory within a quantitative framework is to apply the newly developed technique of multilevel modelling, and a number of ways in which this framework can be extended so as to achieve further improvements in the conceptualization of health-related behaviour.

TL;DR: Although the findings vary for particular health indices, the studies provide considerable evidence that socio-economic conditions are a powerful, although not necessarily exclusive, explanatory variable for racial disparities in health.

TL;DR: It is argued that far from being simply passive and dependent, a 'critical distance' is beginning to emerge between modern medicine and the lay populace; a situation which resonates with broader social trends and currents within society at large.

TL;DR: Psychosocial adjustment in women after a myocardial infarction seems to be worse than in men, whereas results on adjustment after coronary artery bypass grafting are inconclusive, and studies including large samples of women and adjusting for gender are warranted.

TL;DR: Young women in higher socio-economic groups have led the way into cigarette smoking in both northern and southern Europe, with smoking prevalence declining first among women who are privileged in terms of their education, occupation and income.

TL;DR: Data indicate that self-rated health is associated with mortality in men living in two different socio-cultural systems and suggest that a weak sense of mastery may explain the association between health perception and mortality.

TL;DR: It is proposed that pharmacy factors, client factors, physician practice and regulatory factors are the four sets of important factors for understanding pharmacy prescribing behavior.

TL;DR: A controlled factorial experiment to assess the influence of non-medical factors on the diagnostic and treatment decisions made by practitioners of internal medicine in two common medical situations found that psychogenic origin and cardiac problems were the most frequent diagnoses for both chest pain and dyspnea.

TL;DR: The findings do support Scheffs contention that selective reporting does indeed have an impact on the attitudes of the public as it confirms the stereotype of insanity, which has important implications for public policy issues.

TL;DR: Clear research findings are not always a passport to policy, but researchers can reframe the way health policy issues are seen, and collaboration with policy-makers initially can enhance implementation later.

TL;DR: The case is made that future studies of social support are needed to answer a series of questions about social support process within families coping with serious illness.

TL;DR: Arguing for a perspective that will allow us to address issues pertaining to the notion of empowerment in the lives of patients, generally, as well as those who are marginalized and disadvantaged is argued.

TL;DR: A picture of patients' satisfaction with interpersonal aspects of hospital-based care was obtained from a postal survey of the general population of Lothian Region in south-east Scotland and emphasized the high importance patients attach to being encouraged to ask questions about their treatment, and having their choices explained.

TL;DR: The position that medication management outcomes can be improved by adopting more client-centered approaches is explored, and implications for health care provider roles and public policy in pharmaceutical care are discussed.

TL;DR: This paper focuses on three ways of positioning HIV positive women: through discrimination on the part of medical professionals; through internalisation of stigmatisation; and through multiple stigmatisation of women who are or have been illicit drug users or sex workers.

TL;DR: A discussion of the concepts of risk and resilience are provided, then these concepts are applied to the analysis of three examples of risk faced by children today: nutritional threats (e.g. malnutrition due to decline in breastfeeding); family dynamics and types of family forms; and experiences of violence (domestic or political).