Showing papers in "Social Science & Medicine in 2000"

TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a conceptual model of how social networks impact health, and argue that networks operate at the behavioral level through four primary pathways: (1) provision of social support; (2) social influence; (3) on social engagement and attachment; and (4) access to resources and material goods.

TL;DR: How factors such as ethnicity, economic status, educational level, sexual orientation and social context influence the kind of masculinity that men construct and contribute to differential health risks among men in the United States is explored.

TL;DR: This paper reviews the conceptual and empirical literature in order to develop a model of the various aspects of the doctor-patient relationship encompassed by the concept of 'patient-centredness' and to assess the advantages and disadvantages of alternative methods of measurement.

TL;DR: The hypothesis that physicians' perceptions of patients were influenced by patients' socio-demographic characteristics was supported, with results supported by survey data.

TL;DR: It is suggested that there are two principal dimensions of quality of care for individual patients; access and effectiveness; and which aspects of care any set of quality indicators actually includes and measures and, and which are not included.

TL;DR: It is suggested that social capital's power as rhetoric and as a metaphor may be of value and that the coalescence of interests in context-level influences on health now invites a revitalisation of theories and interventions inspired by diverse fields, such as geography and ecological community psychology.

TL;DR: Findings show independent cumulative effects of both the JD-C Model and the ERI Model on employee well-being are not significantly different in men and women as well as in young and old people.

TL;DR: The value of a framework suggested by Miles and Huberman is explored, to evaluate the sampling strategies employed in three examples of research by the authors, and how far the criteria Miles andHuberman suggest seem helpful for planning 'sample' selection in qualitative research.

TL;DR: This collection of 29 studies from the US and from sub-Saharan Africa provides evidence for several different links between the epidemics of HIV and violence.

TL;DR: Relationships between individual-level elements of social capital--trust, commitment and identity in the social-psychological dimension; participation in clubs and associations and civic participation in the action dimension--and self-rated health status, before and after controlling for human capital are described.

TL;DR: Interpersonal competence, involving caring, concern and compassion, was the most common aspect of trust reported, with listening as a central focus, and technical competence received high priority but was often assessed by reputation or interpersonal cues.

TL;DR: It is argued that, despite a by-now voluminous literature, not enough attention has been paid to the social context of income inequality--health relationships or to the causes ofincome inequality itself.

TL;DR: Canadian Canadians with lower incomes and fewer years of schooling visit specialists at a lower rate than those with moderate or high incomes and higher levels of education attained despite the existence of universal health care, after adjusting for differences in health need.

TL;DR: Gender differences were found, with women reporting more distress, more role problems, and less marital satisfaction, regardless of whether they were patient or spouse.

TL;DR: Regression-based estimates of impact show that social capital increases physical and emotional health more than human capital; together they can easily raise an individual's self-reported health from just below average on a five-point scale to approaching good health.

TL;DR: The results of the logistic regression models calculated for immigrants and non-immigrants on four outcome variables in this study suggest that socio-economic factors are more important for immigrants than non-Immigrants, although in ways that defy a simple explanation.

TL;DR: There was little evidence that doctors and patients both participate in the consultation in this way, and as a consequence there was no basis upon which to build a consensus about the preferred treatment and reach an agreement on which treatment to implement.

TL;DR: It was found that residents of poor neighborhoods were more likely to walk than those in less disadvantaged places, adjusting for individual poverty, household income, education, race, ethnicity, sex, age, and marital status.

TL;DR: The results indicate that educational attainment, parity level, health insurance coverage, ethnicity, household wealth and geographic region are statistically significant factors that affect the use of health care services thought essential to reduce infant and child mortality rates.

TL;DR: The results show that the use of antenatal care in Kenya is associated with a range of socio-economic, cultural and reproductive factors; the availability and accessibility of health services and the desirability of a pregnancy are also important.

TL;DR: Education and material deprivation are strongly related to self-rated health in post-communist countries, and perceived control appeared statistically to mediate some of the effects of material deprivation.

TL;DR: The analysis found that liquor stores are disproportionately located in predominantly black census tracts, even after controlling for census tract socioeconomic status.

TL;DR: It is found that both credit card debt and stress regarding debt are associated with health, and health behaviors and risks explain part of this association.

TL;DR: The relevant background literature on the contributions of social and behavioural science to non-adherence to HIV medications is reviewed and implications for counselling patients to increase their adherence are presented.

TL;DR: Although the results confirm the idea that increased distance from provider does reduce utilization, they strongly suggest that distance to provider is a surrogate for location in a richer web of relations between residents and their local communities.

TL;DR: Differences in work environment and life style factors between social classes in Denmark are described and to what extent these factors can explain social class differences with regard to changes in self-rated health over a 5 year period are investigated.

TL;DR: There is need to improve access to maternity services, train TBAs and equip them with delivery kits, change mother's self-efficacy beliefs, and involve spouses in education about safe delivery to make delivery safer.

TL;DR: The paper argues that the correspondence between addicts' own accounts of their recovery and those of professional drug workers may be a product of the socially constructed nature of the narratives and the latter may have been developed in conjunction with those working in the drug treatment industry.

TL;DR: The impact of gender divisions on the health and the health care of both women and men is explored and a three point agenda for change is outlined to ensure universal access to reproductive health care and to reduce gender inequalities in access to resources.

TL;DR: The data indicate that battered women frequently experience feelings of shame, isolation and entrapment which, together with a lack of family and community support, often contribute to women's difficulty in recognizing and disengaging from a violent relationship.