Showing papers in "Social Science & Medicine in 2012"

TL;DR: It is argued for a shift from individual culture-based frameworks, to perspectives that address how multiple dimensions of inequality intersect to impact health outcomes, and suggestions for integrating intersectionality theory in future research on immigrant health.

TL;DR: It is found that feelings of loneliness were associated with increased mortality risk over a 6-year period, and that this effect was not explained by social relationships or health behaviors but was modestly explained by health outcomes.

TL;DR: It is hypothesized that three circumstances may help to explain the persistence of health inequalities despite attenuation of inequalities in material conditions by the welfare state, and that a direct attack on the personal, psychosocial and cultural determinants of health inequality may be necessary to achieve a substantial reduction of health disparities.

TL;DR: In this paper, a relational approach to understand gender on a global scale is proposed, where gendered embodiment is seen as interwoven with the violent history of colonialism, the structural violence of contemporary globalization, and the making of gendered institutions on a world scale including the corporations, professions and state agencies of the health sector.

TL;DR: This paper reports on four multi-level case studies of the implementation of Lean in the English NHS and identifies significant contextual differences between healthcare and manufacturing that result in two critical breaches of the assumptions behind Lean.

TL;DR: Drawing on developments within intersectionality scholarship and various sources of research and policy evidence, the paper demonstrates the methodological feasibility of intersectionality and in particular, the wide-ranging benefits of de-centering gender through intersectional analyses.

TL;DR: The meta-analysis suggested two to three-fold increased risk of major depressive disorder and 1.5-2-fold increase risk of elevated depressive symptoms and postpartum depression among women exposed to intimate partner violence relative to non-exposed women.

TL;DR: It is proposed that 'realist' trials should aim to examine the effects of intervention components separately and in combination and determine the validity of program theory rather than only examining 'what works' to better inform policy and practice in the long-term.

TL;DR: This review examines studies that directly tested the potential psychological mechanisms responsible for links between social support and health-relevant physiological processes in the 1980s-2010 and found no evidence that psychological mechanisms such as depression, perceived stress, and other affective processes are directly responsible forlinks between support andhealth.

TL;DR: Findings suggest that SES adversity experience may cumulate across the life course to have a negative impact on multiple biological systems in adulthood.

TL;DR: Qualitative interviews and ethnographic observation are used among 16 young women from the rural Eastern Cape to explore ways young women construct their femininities and exercise agency, providing potential for interventions with women that acknowledge existing gender inequalities, validate women's agency, reduce violence and prevent HIV.

TL;DR: The theoretical foundations for a structure-agency approach to the reduction of social inequalities in health are examined and it is suggested that people's capabilities to be active for their health be considered as a key concept in public health practice to reduce health inequalities.

TL;DR: People who had moved for cost reasons in the past three years were more likely than those with no housing instability to report a recent anxiety attack, while those who experienced homelessness in thepast year had a higher likelihood of reporting fair/poor self-rated health and of meeting criteria for major or minor depression.

TL;DR: From a mental health perspective, POS quality within a neighbourhood appears to be more important than POS quantity, and this finding has policy implications and warrants further investigation.

TL;DR: Food insecurity was associated with depression symptom severity among women but not men, and that social support buffered the impacts of food insecurity on depression, and it was found that instrumental support had a greater buffering influence than emotional social support.

TL;DR: This manuscript theorizes the entanglement of sex and gender in human health research and articulate good practice guidelines for assessing the role of biological processes--along with social and biosocial processes--in the production of non-reproductive health differences between and among men and women.

TL;DR: The findings illustrated that climate change is negatively affecting feelings of place attachment by disrupting hunting, fishing, foraging, trapping, and traveling, and changing local landscapes-changes which subsequently impact physical, mental, and emotional health and well-being.

TL;DR: This is the first study to empirically demonstrate, at the population level, the mental health impact of the residential school system on survivors and their children.

TL;DR: Most psychosocial stressors had small but significant lagged effects on the development of musculoskeletal problems, and organizational interventions to minimize these stressors may be promising in reducing one risk factor for the development.

TL;DR: Women veterans identified stressful military experiences and post-deployment reintegration problems as major stressors, and stressful military experiences included combat experiences, military sexual trauma, and separation from family.

TL;DR: Analysis of a national survey of U.S. children followed over elementary school who are linked to detailed, longitudinal food availability measures from a comprehensive business establishment database finds that children who live in residentially poor and minority neighborhoods are indeed more likely to have greater access to fast-food outlets and convenience stores, but these neighborhoods also have greaterAccess to other food establishments that have not been linked to increased obesity risk, including large-scale grocery stores.

TL;DR: It is concluded that racial discrimination experienced across a range of settings has the potential to impact on a wide range of health outcomes and risk factors.

TL;DR: Attention to the nature of clinical evidence and to the importance of cultural context in illness and healing can help both EBP and CC move beyond their current limitations and contribute to the evolution of mental health services that respond effectively to cultural diversity.

TL;DR: This study conducted a secondary analysis of a database that included two components of a widely used survey instrument, the Everyday Discrimination Scale, and operationalized a meso- or interpersonal-level of intersectionality using two variables, the frequency score of discrimination experiences and the sum of characteristics listed as reasons for these.

TL;DR: A systematic review of previous studies suggests that there is an association between social cohesion and mortality but found no evidence for a clear association for area-level income inequality or for social capital.

TL;DR: Drawing on research conducted over several years with rural men working on farms to argue that attention to the health and well-being of rural men requires an understanding of the cultural context, inequitable gender relations and a dominant form of masculine hegemony that lauds stoicism in the face of adversity.

TL;DR: Data from the nationally representative India Human Development Survey of 2004-5 shows the familiar positive relationship between maternal education and childhood immunization even after extensive controls for socio-demographic characteristics and village- and neighborhood-fixed effects.

TL;DR: Three approaches that have suffered from serious conceptual misunderstandings are reviewed: resilience as a personality characteristic; resilience as the absence of psychopathology; resilient as a general term to connote average levels of psychological adjustment; and research that avoids these pitfalls by defining resilience asA stable trajectory of healthy functioning in response to a clearly defined event.

TL;DR: Assessment of the utility of a locally developed water insecurity scale compared with standard measures of water access and adequacy in Ethiopia highlights the social dimension of water insecurity, and may be useful for informing and evaluating interventions to improve water supplies.

TL;DR: S scant evidence exists for either Ireland or the UK meeting its rights to food obligations to date, in terms of roles and responsibilities in ensuring access to affordable, available and appropriate food for all.