Showing papers in "Social Science & Medicine in 2015"

TL;DR: A literature review within an epidemiological causal framework and inferred the likelihood of a causal relationship between income inequality and health (including violence) by considering the evidence as a whole is inferred.

TL;DR: Stigma prevention and coping interventions hold promise for reducing stigma and its adverse health-related effects in transgender populations, and multi-level interventions to prevent stigma towards transgender people are warranted.

TL;DR: The present study quantifies the pressure that athletes experience to continue playing after a head impact--from coaches, teammates, parents, and fans--and assesses how this pressure, both independently and as a system, is related to future concussion reporting intention.

TL;DR: A systematic review of interventions to encourage PA in urban green space found that interventions that involve the use of PA programs or PA programs combined with a physical change to the built environment are likely to have a positive effect on PA.

TL;DR: The evidence suggests that social networks matter above and beyond the influence of any particular individual or relationship and people whose networks can be characterized as having a pro-medical culture report better recovery outcomes.

TL;DR: This realist systematic review suggests that among men (but not among women), the net impact of economic crises will be an increase in harmful drinking, which could potentially contribute to growing gender-related health inequalities during a crisis.

TL;DR: It is suggested that "thinking too much" should not be interpreted as a gloss for psychiatric disorder nor assumed to be a unitary symptom or syndrome within a culture, and five key ways in which engagement with "thinkingToo much" idioms can improve global mental health research and interventions are suggested.

TL;DR: It was found that sanitation practices encompassed more than defecation and urination and included carrying water, washing, bathing, menstrual management, and changing clothes, and the intensity of which were modified by the woman's life stage, living environment, and access to sanitation facilities.

TL;DR: It is shown that network composition, individual network centrality, and network structure are associated with important health behaviors and health and development outcomes in different contexts across multiple levels of analysis and across distinct network types.

TL;DR: The diverse coastal experiences sought out by residents of two towns in south west England are explored, suggesting the need for greater acknowledgement of people's emotional, deeply embodied and often shared connections to the coast within coastal management policy and practice, both nationally and internationally.

TL;DR: Estimates suggest that unemployment results in lower health and the deterioration of mental health during the 2008-2009 period compared with the 2010-2013 period, i.e., a period in which the country's unemployment doubled as a consequence of the financial crisis.

TL;DR: It was found that even among studies with objectively measured physical activity, the association between access to parks and physical activity varied between studies, possibly due to heterogeneity of exposure measurement.

TL;DR: Longitudinal analyses suggest that the addition of new confidants is associated with improvements in functional, self-rated, and psychological health, net of baseline connectedness as well as any network losses that occurred during the same period.

TL;DR: Portrayal of persons with successfully treated mental illness and drug addiction is a promising strategy for reducing stigma and discrimination toward persons with these conditions and improving public perceptions of treatment effectiveness.

TL;DR: More evidence is needed to assess the extent to which diseases interact, either at the level of populations or individuals, to amplify HIV risk, according to the theory of syndemics.

TL;DR: The absence of larger inequalities for preventable causes in Southern Europe and for injury mortality among women indicate that further empirical and theoretical analysis is necessary to understand when and why the additional resources that a higher socioeconomic status provides, do and do not protect against prevailing health risks.

TL;DR: The argument that societal technological change may have had profound effects on the importance of educational attainment - particularly advanced education - in the U.S. adult population for garnering health advantages is developed and changes in the functional form of the association between educational attainment and mortality are assessed.

TL;DR: Findings imply that the risk of gunshot victimization is more concentrated than previously thought, being concentrated in small and identifiable networks of individuals engaging in risky behavior, in this case criminal activity.

TL;DR: This article presents a critical analysis of self-diagnosis smartphone apps directed at lay people that were available on the Apple App Store and Google Play in mid-April 2014 and suggests that they inhabit a contested and ambiguous site of meaning and practice.

TL;DR: This article used the Quarterly Labour Force Survey (QLF) to investigate trends in self reported mental health problems by socioeconomic group and employment status in England between 2004 and 2013 and found that the trend in the prevalence of people reporting mental health problem increased significantly more between 2009 and 2013 compared to the previous trends.

TL;DR: A review of the peer-reviewed literature identified public health and health policy research involving deliberative methods and indicates a need for greater clarity regarding both the constitution of publics and the relative usefulness of different deliberative techniques.

TL;DR: While there is some evidence that smoking self-stigma leads to reductions in smoking, this review also identified significant negative consequences of smokingSelf-Stigma.

TL;DR: Cognitive constructs of social capital, namely trust, social cohesion and sense of belonging had a positive association towards measured health outcome in majority of the studies.

TL;DR: It is found that people with disabilities were worse off than people without disabilities in regard to informal and formal networks, social support and self-rated health status, and that inequalities were greatest for people with intellectual and psychological impairments.

TL;DR: It is found that enforcement practices create economic and emotional hardship due to feelings of uncertainty, while restrictive immigration policies lead to resentment among children even post-reunification.

TL;DR: The results demonstrate that there are strong reciprocal associations between older adults' health conditions and network types, and programs designed to enhance healthy aging to focus on improving the bridging social capital of older adults so that they can break the vicious cycle between network isolation and poor health conditions.

TL;DR: The findings indicate that climate change is resulting in and compounding existing environmental dispossession for Inuit, and demonstrate the necessity of considering place meanings, culture, and socio-historical context to assess the complexity of climate change impacts on Indigenous environmental health.

TL;DR: Surprisingly, political and social globalization dominate the influence of the economic dimension in globalization, and more consideration needs to be given to the forms of governance required to shape a more health-oriented globalization process.

TL;DR: A conceptual framework for managed entry agreements is developed and tested by exploring variations in their implementation in Belgium, England, the Netherlands and Sweden and over time as well as their governance structures and whether e.g. risk-perception and/or notion of what constitutes a high price differ between these countries.

TL;DR: Investigating medical travel through focus on networks of patients and providers opens up novel conception of medical tourism, deepening understanding of patterns of travel by combining investigation of industry with patient motivation.