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Showing papers in "Sociology in 1976"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The sick-man may be said to have disappeared from medical cosmology in two related senses during the period 1770-1870 as control over the means of production of medical knowledge shifted away from the sick towards medical investigators.
Abstract: The sick-man may be said to have disappeared from medical cosmology in two related senses during the period 1770-1870. Firstly, as control over the means of production of medical knowledge shifted ...

394 citations


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222 citations


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161 citations


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TL;DR: Observational data gathered in the out-patient clinics of eleven ENT specialists were used to explore the issue of the marked and well-documented variations in the assessment of children for possible adeno-tonsillectomy.
Abstract: Observational data gathered in the out-patient clinics of eleven ENT specialists were used to explore the issue of the marked and well-documented variations in the assessment of children for possible adeno-tonsillectomy. The routinized orientation of the various specialists to the assessment process allowed the comparison of specialists in terms of their routine assessment practices. Inter-specialist variation in routines is described in terms of five parameters of difference—variation in the search procedures used in the examination of the child, variation in the decision rules making for differential stress on the examination findings relative to the history, variation on the search procedures used for the history-taking, variation in the decision rules pertaining to the history, and variation in routines according to the age of the child. Such differences in routines are the means whereby systematic variations in patient assessment are constructed.The very nature of medical knowledge provides for the p...

101 citations


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97 citations



Journal ArticleDOI
Alan Bradshaw1
TL;DR: In this article, a critical analysis of pluralist and non-decision theories of power is presented, leading on to a suggested ''three-dimensional view'' of power, which stresses exercises of power that do not entail observable conflicts, but rather latent conflicts; and are a function of collective forces and social arrangements.
Abstract: Steven Lukes' monograph Power: A Radical View (Lukes 1974) offers a critical analysis of pluralist and nondecision theories of power, leading on to a suggested `three-dimensional view' of power. This view stresses exercises of power that (a) do not entail observable conflicts, but rather latent conflicts; (b) are a `function of collective forces and social arrangements' (p. 22). In particular, Lukes advances the self-confessedly problematic ideas that such exercises may (1) involve inaction; (2) be unconscious; (3) be wielded by identifiable groups or institutions. However, there are difficulties in Lukes' `real interests' approach with its claims to be both `empirically applicable' and `essentially contested'. Second, Lukes' acceptance of the orientation of the pluralist and nondecision writers as the point of departure in his attempt to supersede them creates a fundamental antimony between his individualist illustrative methodology and his collective inferences. Third, flaws in propositions (1) and (2) ...

46 citations



Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, an alternative strategy for the analysis of the white-collar class situation, drawn from Marxian principles, is proposed. But the approach developed in this paper is firmly within the sociological tradition, and it is argued that the neo-Weberian class analysis from which this tradition is derived gives an incomplete understanding of the location of the ''white-collar" or ''new middle" class in the class structure of advanced capitalist society.
Abstract: Two current approaches to the study of white-collar unionism are identified: a) the `sociological' approach, which relates patterns of white-collar unionism to the class situation of white-collar workers, and b) the `industrial relations' critique, which rejects the association of class situation and union activity and argues instead that `job regulation' is the crucial independent variable. Whilst the approach developed in this paper is firmly within the `sociological' tradition, I argue that the neo-Weberian class analysis from which this tradition is derived gives an incomplete understanding of the location of the `white-collar' or `new middle' class in the class structure of advanced capitalist society. I outline an alternative strategy for the analysis of the `white-collar' class situation, drawn from Marxian principles. The essential ambiguity of the `white-collar' class situation is stressed, and this ambiguity is then related to patterns of white-collar representation.*

37 citations


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34 citations



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TL;DR: In this article, various concepts and ideas concerned with patterns of owner-ship and control in industry are discussed, and it is concluded that Maurice Zeitlin's discussion is the most sophisticated and the mo...
Abstract: This paper discusses various concepts and ideas concerned with patterns of owner-ship and control in industry. It is concluded that Maurice Zeitlin's discussion is the most sophisticated and the mo...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors consider the contributions of mainline sociology, in the analysis of effects, institutions and formations, and relate the emphasis on effects, the selectively smaller emphasis on institutions and the relative neglect of formations to theoretical and methodological assumptions in orthodox sociology, and propose an approach based on recognition of ''the materiality of signs'' and the consequent recognition of cultural technologies as forms of historical and social relationship and practice.
Abstract: This paper reviews general aspects of the theory and practice of the sociology of culture. It considers the contributions of mainline sociology, in the analysis of effects, institutions and formations, and relates the emphasis on effects, the selectively smaller emphasis on institutions and the relative neglect of formations to theoretical and methodological assumptions in orthodox sociology. It then considers contributions to the sociology of culture from other disciplines, in the study of traditions and of forms, and in attempts (Lukacs, Goldman, the Frankfurt School) to relate forms to formations. In this connection it reviews selections between orthodox cultural sociology and the theories and practices of formalism and structuralism. Finally, the paper proposes an approach based on recognition of `the materiality of signs' and the consequent recognition of cultural technologies—'sign-systems'—as forms of historical and social relationship and practice.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The authors reviewed a number of recent conceptual statements and empirical studies concerning British workers attitudes to class and class relationships, and presented some evidence from a survey of workers' attitudes towards class relationships.
Abstract: This paper reviews a number of recent conceptual statements and empirical studies concerning British workers attitudes to class and class relationships. It then presents some evidence from a survey...


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TL;DR: The erosion of the established collection mode in English education is producing a variety of unstable structural outcomes as mentioned in this paper, which are conditioned by the progressive replacement of the collection mode with a new collection mode.
Abstract: The erosion of the established collection mode in English education is producing a variety of unstable structural outcomes. All of these outcomes are conditioned by the progressive replacement of s...




Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Gusfield's theory of moral reform as a mode of status politics is explored in the context of an analysis of the National Viewers' and Listeners' Association (NVALA) protest against BBC television in particular as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Analyses of moral indignation have seen it as generated by infractions of the conscience collective or by repressed envy or prurience. Such explanations seem of limited relevance to various contemporary moral crusades. Joseph Gusfield's theory of moral reform as a mode of status politics is explored in the context of an analysis of the National Viewers' and Listeners' Association. Gusfield argues that assimilative reform which seeks to convert the deviant is replaced by coercive reform which seeks to constrain his behaviour by means of legislation when the supporters of a dominant morality find themselves increasingly abandoned by respectable groups and institutions. The sources of shifts in values away from the protestant ethic' values of an entrepreneurial middle class are located in a range of social and economic changes. The focus of NVALA's `protest against BBC television in particular is seen as developing from the spread of television as a domestic necessity and the shift in its ideological content...


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The conflict in Northern Ireland in August 1969 is seen as a consequence of the type and patterning of social relationships in that society as discussed by the authors, where social relations are personal and patterned primarily by the...
Abstract: Conflict in Northern Ireland in August 1969 is seen as a consequence of the type and patterning of social relationships in that society. Social relations are personal and patterned primarily by the...



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