Showing papers in "Solar Energy in 1976"

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors compared a variety of solar concentrators in terms of their most important general characteristics, namely concentration, acceptance angle, sensitivity to mirror errors, size of reflector area and average number of reflections.

TL;DR: In this article, the clear-day all-wavelength transmittance τ of solar radiation directly through the 1962 standard atmosphere to a surface at altitude A is found to fit a simple mixed-gray-gas model (1 black, 1 gray, 1 clear) with a maximum error of 0.4 per cent.

TL;DR: In this paper, a simulation model capable of estimating the long-term thermal performance of solar heating systems is described, and the amount of meteorological data required by the simulation in order to estimate longterm performance is investigated.

TL;DR: In this article, a simple analytic technique for calculating the average number of reflections for radiation passing through a compound parabolic concentration (CPC) is developed; this is useful for computing optical losses.

TL;DR: In this article, simple thermal decomposition reactions have been investigated for the purpose of solar thermal energy storage and the efficiency of storage is high and the decomposition occurs in the vicinity of 500°C.

TL;DR: A detailed experimental investigation was carried out at Central Arid Zone Research Institute, Jodhpur, to find out the effect of all possible variables on the performance of the single-effect solar still.

TL;DR: The diffuse-to-total radiation correlation developed by Liu and Jordan as discussed by the authors has been extensively used by designers even though the correlation was based on only one location (Blue Hill, Massachusetts). Indirect evidence indicates the universal nature of the correlation, however, no published test or similar correlation exists for any location in Canada.

TL;DR: In this paper, a table of monthly mean solar radiation parameters is computed from detailed cloud cover information, including direct and global daily total energy inputs to horizontal, inclined and "sun-tracking" surfaces.

TL;DR: In this article, an imporved theoretical model to predict the thermal performance of a natural-recirculation (thermosiphon-flow) solar water heater system is presented.

TL;DR: In this paper, a method of approximating diffuse beam solar radiation is extended to the upper middle latitudes through the use of several years of mean monthly data and one year of daily data recorded at four stations in Canada which represent a variety of climatic regions as well as both highly urbanized and remote localities.

TL;DR: A general survey of solar radiation measurement, the techniques and instrumentation is presented in this article, where the importance of determining the total and spectral irradiance of the Sun is examined in the context of the energy crisis and utilization of solar energy.

TL;DR: In this article, a method for transferring energy from the top of a tower to the power plant at the bottom of the tower by using a reflector is proposed, and preliminary estimates appear favorable, and it is recommended that detailed systems analysis be performed comparing the tower reflector with the power tower.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed a test method for determining the efficiency of solar collectors under specified outdoor "steady-state conditions" and the test apparatuses and major components have been prescribed so a liquid or air can be used as the transfer fluid.

TL;DR: In the solar tower concept, a multiplicity of mass produced heliostats reflect sunlight to a central receiver where it is absorbed as heat and transported to the ground.

TL;DR: In this article, the problem of optimal control of flow through the flat plate collector is formulated under simplifying assumptions and conditions for the existence of an optimal control for certain elements of the above classification.

TL;DR: In this paper, the performance of focusing collectors with a cylindrical parabolic reflector and a collector tube surrounded by a transparent envelope has been predicted using heat transfer analytical methods, considering visible radiation transfer, IR radiation exchange, conductive and convective losses and energy transferred to a fluid flowing through the collector tube.

TL;DR: In this article, the performance of a flat-plate solar collector is investigated and the collector is of the sheet-and tube design and the tube is bonded to the absorbing plate in a serpentine fashion.

TL;DR: In this paper, the concept of a shallow solar pond energy conversion system is presented as an effective way to produce large-scale electric power from solar energy, where water is used both for heat collection and heat storage.

TL;DR: In this article, the use of a solar simulator for performance determination permits collector testing under standard conditions of wind, ambient temperature, flow rate and sun, and the performance results determined with the simulator have been found to be in good agreement with outdoor performance results.

TL;DR: In this article, an inexpensive solar water heater of about 701 capacity, combining collection and storage, has been tested, and the performance of the water heater under four different modes of operation: (a) water circulation with a small pump (b) natural convection conditions (c) water draw-offs taking place when the water is around 50-60°C (d) water flowing continuously past the absorber plate with flow rates of 38, 60, and 75.9 kg/hr.

TL;DR: In this paper, two types of solar water pumps for lift irrigation have been developed and tested and the thermodynamic and design aspects of the pumps are discussed, and feasibility studies indicate that they are economically viable and are within the means of an Indian farmer.

TL;DR: In this article, the geographical, seasonal, and diurnal variations of global solar radiation in Thailand are surveyed and detailed maps are given of the geographical distribution of solar radiation prepared from data on cloudiness at 44 stations, duration of sunshine at 18 stations, and linear regressions relating radiation to sunshine at Chiang Mai and Bangkok.

TL;DR: In this paper, a comparison of collector effiency characteristics indicated that cylindrical glass honeycomb collectors with nonselective-black absorbers were markedly superior to singleglazed selective-black and double-glazed non-selective black collectors, especially at higher collector temperatures.

TL;DR: In this paper, a numerical study of the behavior of packed beds containing adsorbent material used for energy storage is made, where the authors assume that air at a given absolute humidity and at either a high or low temperature is available to charge or discharge the store, the air flow direction for the charging case being opposed to that for the discharging case.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors derived a set of dimensions for a hypothetical pond satisfying a given heating requirement, and compared these dimensions with costs attributed to conventional thermal energy sources used for these purposes.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a design for a receiver appropriate fora concentrating collector having potential application at moderate working temperatures (near 100°C) as well as at high temperatures (above 300°C).

TL;DR: In this article, a heat transfer model is described for predicting the transient behavior of a multiple-cover solar collector and a single design parameter is obtained called the response time to characterize the transient response of the collector.

TL;DR: In this article, a full-size house utilizing a heating and cooling system composed of roof water-bags intermittently covered with insulation was designed and tested in Atascadero, California (35 N lat.).

TL;DR: In this article, a theoretical scheme for modifying a salt basin into a solar lake with respect to the Dead Sea is examined, where mixing is reduced by a net of floating wind breaks.

TL;DR: In this paper, the image due to a single heliostat is represented by its flux density, which can be formulated as an integral over the solid angle of the incoming rays.