Surgical forum 

About: Surgical forum is an academic journal. The journal publishes majorly in the area(s): Transplantation & MEDLINE. It has an ISSN identifier of 0071-8041. Over the lifetime, 4863 publications have been published receiving 35656 citations.

Normal and abnormal motion of the shoulder.

Abstract: The roentgenographic parameters of motion in normal and abnormal shoulders, including the movement of the scapula, arm angle, glenohumeral angle, scapulothoracic angle, excursion of the humeral head, and instant center of motion for abduction in the plane of the scapula, were determined in twelve normal subjects and fifteen patients. The scapula rotated ex- ternally with abduction. The ratio of glenohumeral to scapulothoracic movement was 5:4 after about 30 de- grees of abduction. The center of rotation of the glenohumeral joint for abduction in the plane of the scapula was located within six millimeters of the geometric center of the humeral ball. The average ex- cursion of the humeral ball on the face of the glenoid in the superoinferior plane between each 30-degree arc of motion was less than 1.5 millimeters in normal sub- jects. Significant previous injury resulting in abnormal mechanics of the shoulder joint was associated with abnormal values for excursion of the instant center and

Microsurgical anatomy of anterior cerebral anterior communicating recurrent artery complex.

Abstract: ✓ The microvascular relationships important to surgery of aneurysms in the anterior communicating region were defined in 50 cadaver brains. The recurrent artery of Heubner was frequently exposed before the A-1 segment in defining the neck on anterior cerebral aneurysms because it commonly courses anterior to A-1. It arose from the A-2 segment of the anterior cerebral artery (ACA) in 78% and most commonly terminated in the area of the anterior perforated substance, and lateral to it in the Sylvian fissure. The anterior communicating artery (ACoA) frequently gave rise to perforating arteries which terminated in the superior surface of the optic chiasm and above the chiasm in the anterior hypothalamus. This finding contrasts with previous reports that no perforating branches arise from the communicating artery. The proximal half of the A-1 segment was a richer source of perforating arteries than the distal half. The A-1 branches most commonly terminated in the anterior perforated substance, the optic chiasm,...

Renal homotransplantation in identical twins.

Abstract: This is a report of the successful kidney transplantation from one identical twin to another with good renal function persisting after 9 months. Previous attempts at renal homotransplantation both clinically and experimentally had been unsuccessful, with the one exception between di-zygotic bovine twins in which a kidney transplant has survived and functioned for over a year. Success in that instance presumably resulted from the production of an acquired mutual tolerance to each other’s tissues by the mingling of fraternal protein in the common placental circulation.1 In all other instances, failure of the transplanted kidney occurs by what appears to be an immune, or “antigen-antibody-like,” reaction between donor tissue and recipient. The microscopic pattern of the rejected kidney indicates that the homograft itself is actively reacting against the recipient to a greater degree than had been suspected by earlier investigators.2,3 Transplantation of kidneys in dogs rarely maintain function for more than 10 to 14 days in spite of vigorous attempts to alter the rejection response.4,5,6 Although human renal homotransplants have functioned for a longer period of time, 1 for as long as 5⁄2 months, permanent survival has not occurred and the clinical and microscopic pattern of rejection is similar to that in the experimental animal.7 There are, however, several experimental observations which made success between identical twins seem likely and justified the removal of a normal kidney from a healthy donor. (1) Immunologic and genetic similarity apparently accounts for the permanent survival of skin homografts between identical twins.8 (2) When skin or kidney homografts are carried out between antigenically dissimilar individuals the early function and the histological picture of rejection of each appear similar.9 (3) Skin and kidney homografts possess a common antigen which can sensitize a recipient to a subsequent homograft of either tissue from the same donor.2,3 This further suggests that skin and kidney grafts might behave similarly. (4) We had established to our own satisfaction that renal autografts had normal function indefinitely in animals. This observation is important because pre-supposing initial success of the transplant between antigenically similar (identical) twins, a second problem to be weighed was the permanency of such function. Lacking reported instances of adequate functional studies in long term renal autografts we observed in our own experiments that permanently successful function of a single life-sustaining renal autograft resulted from the use of a recipient site which allows direct implantation of the ureter into the bladder, which RENAL HOMOTRANSPLANTATION IN IDENTICAL TWINS*