Showing papers in "Surgical Oncology Clinics of North America in 2021"

TL;DR: Stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR) commonly is used for small liver metastases and for larger tumors, the safe delivery can be challenging due to a more limited volume of healthy normal liver parenchyma and the proximity of the tumor to radiosensitive organs.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors recommended that all patients diagnosed with pancreatic cancer undergo germline genetic testing to detect and intervene on early stage cancer or high-risk precursor lesions, given the screening implications for family members and therapeutic implications for probands.

TL;DR: The Pediatric Hepatic International Tumor Trial (PHTIT) as discussed by the authors is an international clinical trial for children with hepatocellular carcinoma and hepatoblastoma.

TL;DR: PRT referral should be considered for any patient with symptomatic or asymptomatic sites of disease where local control is desired, and for those with good prognosis, advanced PRT techniques may improve the therapeutic ratio, maximizing tumor control while limiting toxicity.

TL;DR: For patients with large hepatic tumor burdens, high-grade disease, or comorbidities precluding surgery, liver-directed and systemic therapies can be used to palliate symptoms and improve progression-free survival.

TL;DR: Concerns impacting the approach to patients with colorectal liver metastases and the role for various multimodal treatment options are discussed.

TL;DR: The International Neuroblastoma Risk Group Staging System (INGS) is a risk assessment tool used by the Children's Oncology Group (COGS) as discussed by the authors.

TL;DR: A detailed description of the technical aspects of robotic pancreaticoduodenectomy and distal pancreatectomy is presented in this article in addition to a summary of the most important prospective and cohort studies.

TL;DR: In this paper, epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and multimodality management of Wilms tumors and renal cell carcinoma in pediatric and young adults were reviewed.

TL;DR: An overview of all liver-directed locoregional therapies, including surgical resection for melanoma liver metastases (MLMs), is provided and no recommendations for any liver- directed regional therapy in the treatment of mucosal MLMs can be made.

TL;DR: Early involvement of palliative care specialists as part of a multidisciplinary team is essential to providing optimal, holistic care of patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis as discussed by the authors.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss pseudotumors must also be a diagnostic consideration for pediatric adrenal tumors, which are uncommon entities that are frequently occult and identified incidentally or by recognizing symptoms related to hormone overproduction.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors focus on research methods, including collection and methodology, and policy measures, including access, patient tools, hospital incentives, and workforce diversity to rectify inequitable care for treatment of patients with pancreatic cancer.

TL;DR: In this article, a review summarizes the basics of risk assessment and fertility preservation options for children with cancer and explores unique considerations in pediatric fertility preservation, including fertility preservation in pubertal status.

TL;DR: In this article, a brief review of the therapeutic opportunity of inhibiting autophagy in pancreatic cancer is provided, including the autophagic process, importance of autophagous processes, relevant clinical trials, and new agents in preclinical and clinical development.

TL;DR: Data related to hepatic resection and ablative therapies of BCLM, as well as long-term outcomes of women treated with these approaches are reviewed.

TL;DR: Surgical palliation in oncology can be defined as "procedures employed with non-curative intent with the primary goal of improving symptoms caused by an advanced malignancy".

TL;DR: In this article, the molecular and pathology alterations in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) were studied. But, it should be kept in mind that there are other pancreatic cancers that are classified by their cellular lineage: acinar cell carcinomas (acinar differentiation), neuroendocrine neoplasms (arising from the islets), solid-pseudopapillary neoplasm (showing no discernible cell lineage), and pancreatoblastomas (characterized by multiphenotypic differentiation, including acinar endocrine and ductal).

TL;DR: In this article, the authors highlight the vast differences between adult and pediatric parameters and provide recommendations on optimal and novel surgical approaches in children, highlighting the need for international cooperation to develop standardized pediatric-specific guidelines.

TL;DR: In the case of metastatic GIST, neoadjuvant imatinib can be used as a selection tool for the judicious application of surgery, where treatment-responsive patients who undergo resection to prevent the development of treatment-resistant clones have associated 10-year actuarial survival of 40%.

TL;DR: Pancreaticoduodenectomy with vascular resection/reconstruction can be safely completed following 6 standard steps plus basic principles of vascular surgery as mentioned in this paper. But, the location of the tumor relative to the 2 first-order vein branches, portal vein -splenic vein -superior mesenteric vein confluence, inferior mesenterIC vein, and the presence of arterial perineural invasion is not considered.

TL;DR: Rhabdomyosarcoma is the commonest soft tissue sarcoma in children as discussed by the authors and patients require chemotherapy and usually a combination of complex, site-specific surgery and/or radiotherapy.

TL;DR: The role of HAI chemotherapy in the treatment of liver metastatic CRC is summarized, with the goal of converting patients to liver resection, reducing the risk of recurrence, treating recurrent disease, and most importantly improving overall survival.

TL;DR: Differentiated thyroid carcinomas are rare in young children but represent almost 10% of all malignancies diagnosed in older adolescents as mentioned in this paper and are associated with higher recurrence rates than seen in adults.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss the importance of structured interpretation and reporting for providing the most complete and accurate assessment of tumor stage and resectability, and highlight potential roles for newer and supplemental imaging technologies.

TL;DR: The role of surgery in the management of gynecologic cancers with liver metastases is addressed, and radical cytoreductive procedures, such as hepatic resection, should be considered for palliation only.

TL;DR: In this article, a risk-adaptive approach based on tumor size, localization, tumor grade, and presence of metastases is proposed for non-rhabdomyosarcoma soft tissue sarcomas (NRSTSs).

TL;DR: In todays practice most institutions individualize the use of adjuvant, neoadjuvant, and definitive RT based on their interpretation of the available data as discussed by the authors, and this review highlights novel concepts and approaches to the use RT that should be considered by the surgical oncologist.

TL;DR: Liver resection in select patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma can lead to prolonged survival and liver metastases are poor prognostic indicators for metastasectomy.

TL;DR: In this article, a review focused on preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative strategies for management of perioperative pain in patients with cancer, including patients with preoperative opioid use, those with a history of substance abuse, and patients near the end of life.