Showing papers in "Synthesiology English edition in 2014"

Methodology for designing cryptographic systems with advanced functionality based on a modular approach

Abstract: −92− Synthesiology English edition Vol.7 No.2 pp.92-104 (Sep. 2014) on average 34 pages long of which on average 24 pages were devoted to security definitions and security proofs. The contents are lists of difficult-to-understand mathematical formulas, and it is not easy to understand the correlation between these formulas and actual security. This is thought to be the major barrier in introducing highly functional cryptographic schemes to the real world. Particularly, even specialized researchers find it difficult to be convinced of the security, and a general user cannot be expected to use these schemes with full confidence. In fact, error in proof is often discovered later, even with cryptographic schemes that the designers have claimed that their security has been mathematically proven. Hereinafter, this problem will be called the security verification problem in cryptographic schemes.

Towards large-capacity, energy-efficient, and sustainable communication networks

Abstract: − 30 − Synthesiology English edition Vol.7 No.1 pp.30-43 (Jun. 2014) bound routes), and switching to one route if the other is disrupted. However, in a major disaster such as the 2011 Off the Pacific Coast of Tohoku Earthquake (Great East Japan Earthquake), failure recovery doesn’t work well since failures may occur in a wide region at many locations, and both routes can be disrupted. In that disaster, agile and wide-scale reconfiguration of the network was necessary. Moreover, to continue the network service without being affected by the instability of power supply due to the disaster, the importance of low power-consuming network operation in ordinary times has been recognized.

Development of lectin microarray, an advanced system for glycan profiling

Abstract: Although it is extremely diff icult to analyze glycans, fortunately, glycan research has been active in Japan, and many analysis technologies and glycosidase essential for glycomic research were created in Japan. 1) On the other hand, at the beginning of the 21st century, it was thought that structural glycomics would be done well by “mass spectrometry.” While mass spectrometry is highly effective for detailed structural analysis, the disadvantage is that it is very difficult to handle biological samples with this technique. On this point, the glycan profiling technology, which is the subject of this paper, has the possibility of overcoming some of the disadvantages of mass spectrometry. Described in a few words, glycan profiling is to obtain structural characteristics of glycans quickly and easily, and although precise structural identification may not be possible, major characteristics (type of glycan, presence of epitope, 2) degree of branching, degree of glycosylation, etc.), as well as differences or similarities between the compared samples can be shown.

International standardization of four dimensional radiotherapy system: — Enhancement of effects of irradiation and assurance of safety —@@@― 照射効果の向上と安全性の確保 ―

Abstract: がんの放射線治療においては患者の呼吸等にともなって放射線の照射中に患部の位置が変化する可能性がある。放射線の患部への 照射効果を向上させるとともに、周辺の正常部位へのダメージを最小化するために、患部の3次元的な位置の時間的な変化を考慮した4 次元放射線治療が最近日本で開発され治療効果を上げている。この時間軸を付加した4次元放射線治療を実現するシステムの安全性 に関する技術的要件を盛り込んだ規格を日本から国際電気標準会議(IEC)に提案した。理由は、IECの国際標準は、各国の規制当局 によって引用されると、強制力を有するようになるため、IECにおける国際標準化活動は、4次元放射線治療システムの確固とした安全 性担保のために非常に効果的であるためである。この論文は、今後さらに需要が増す4次元放射線治療システムに関する国際標準化の 戦略について分析した内容をまとめたものである。戦略の要は、4次元放射線治療システムの安全性に関する技術的要件の国際標準化 に焦点を絞り、臨床的視点を盛り込む形で、幅広い分野の専門家の意見を結集して国際的な合意形成を図ることである。今後4次元放 射線治療を一層普及させるために、このような戦略にもとづいて、4次元放射線治療システムを構成する個別装置に関する既存規格の改 訂に加えて、4次元放射線治療システム全体についてシステムとしての安全性評価を行ったうえで、新しい規格の作成を推進する。 4 次元放射線治療システムに関する国際標準化

National standards of length for high-capacity optical fiber communication systems

Abstract: Frequency measurement in the optical domain has a number of applications other than the length standard, among which the most important field in a social context is optical fiber communications. In the 1990s, wavelength-division multiplexing began to increase communication capacity, and many specialists anticipate that precise optical frequency management is required in the near future. It was therefore necessary to add a stabilized laser in the 1.5m optical communication band as a frequency standard to the CIPM’s recommendation, and to develop the technology to measure laser frequency in the 1.5m band. In Japan, where the 633nm iodine-stabilized He-Ne laser served as the national measurement standard, the 1.5m stabilized lasers needed to be traceable to the 633-nm national measurement standard.

Preparation of superconducting films by metal organic deposition: — Research and development towards a fault current limiter and other electric devices —@@@― 限流器等への研究展開 ―

Abstract: 1.2 Metal organic deposition (MOD) method The authors had been engaging in the development of ceramic thin film manufacturing process by the metal organic deposition (MOD) method before the discovery of hightemperature superconductors. MOD is a method of “coating and firing” where the metal organic compound containing the constituent elements are dissolved in an organic solvent, this solution is coated onto a substrate, and heat treatment is done to burn off the organic components to form the metal oxide film (Fig. 3).

Development of environmentally-friendly surface modification technology

Abstract: −185− Synthesiology English edition Vol.7 No.3 pp.185-193 (Dec. 2014) removal performance include the dynamic contact angle (advancing/receding contact angles of the droplet, assuming the droplet can move on the solid surface, and the contact angle hysteresis that is the difference between the advancing/ receding contact angles), and the critical angle (sliding angle) where a certain amount of droplet slides off the solid surface. The contact angle hysteresis and sliding angle ref lect the droplet removal performance more accurately, and it is actually widely recognized that the droplet removal performance is superior when the contact angle hysteresis or the sliding angle is smaller. These observations suggest that the evaluation of droplet removal performance of solid surfaces should be done using the dynamic contact angle as the index, rather than the conventional static contact angle.

Mental fatigue measurement as application software on consumer devices

Abstract: −220− Synthesiology Vol.7 No.4 pp.220-227(Nov. 2014) 1 研究の目的と関連する技術の背景 日常生活中の精神的疲労の蓄積は、過労による健康状 態の悪化を招く健康管理上の問題であるだけでなく、覚醒 度の低下に起因する交通事故に直結したり、作業効率の 低下の原因となるなど、重大な社会的・経済的問題でもあ る。特に、過労による居眠りや注意の低下が、トラック等 の事業用車両における重大交通事故の主な要因の一つで あることが指摘されており 、経済的負担を強いることなく 日常的に疲労状態を評価できる技術の実現が求められて いる。我々は、身の回りにあふれる情報機器を用いて、日 常生活中に低コストで簡易に、精神的な疲労度合いを客観 的かつ定量的にモニターできる技術を、スピーディーに開 発することを目標とした。 一方、これまでに精神的疲労状態の定量的な評価のた めに、さまざまな指標が開発され、主に研究目的に用いら れてきた。それらのうち主なものは下記のように整理でき る。 A. 主観的指標 − 自覚的指標: 疲労自覚症状(質問紙やアンケート) B. 客観的指標 − 行動学的指標: 対象とする作業に関する作業量や作業中の誤り頻度 [3] 対象とする作業とは無関係の動作や姿勢の変化 [4] − 生理学的指標: 呼吸、脈拍、発汗 、脳波 [6] など − 知覚・認知指標 視覚刺激の「ちらつき」知覚閾値 [7] 触覚の空間弁別閾値 [8] − 生化学的指標: 唾液、尿、血液中の代謝産物、遺伝子発現等 [9]-[11] これらの客観的な指標に基づく疲労の測定は、いずれ も検査者の監督下でそれぞれ専用の機器を用いて計測と データあるいは試料の解析が行われ、データの解釈も研 岩木 直 、原田 暢善 2

A social system for production and utilization of thermophysical quantity data

Abstract: −49− Synthesiology English edition Vol.7 No.2 pp.49-64 (Sep. 2014) When there was need for thermophysical quantity data, it was a common practice for the researcher to look through data books or databases for the material that was the subject of interest. However, the required thermophysical quantity data often could not be found. Even if some data was found, it was unclear whether the data could be assigned to the exact material of interest. This situation is not so much a problem if one simply needed the thermophysical quantity data as a rough guideline, but such data were insufficient for realizing the maximum function or guaranteeing safety, and the researcher him/herself had to measure the thermophysical quantities or subcontract such measurement to a specialized lab. If measurement is necessary, the next problem is how to choose the appropriate measurement method and how to evaluate reliability of thermophysical quantity data measured by the method. However, there is no such information or guideline yet based on agreement among the academic and technological community.

A novel material design system method for on-demand material development

Abstract: − 22 − Synthesiology English edition Vol.7 No.1 pp.22-29 (Jun. 2014) the style devised by the authors are compared in Fig. 1. The normal material research is carried out to find an innovative material with outstanding property. The research style proposed in this paper is a material design in which the already existing materials are combined and outstanding performance is not sought. For example, in the semiconductor package manufacturing process, while there are diverse target properties such as fluidity and viscosity, it is important for the individual properties to fall in a certain range, as outstanding excellent properties are not sought.

Technological development of internal heat-integrated distillation column (HIDiC)

Abstract: As the existing C5-splitter was treating a clean service producing pure cyclopentane from a mixed gasoline, a packed-column type HIDiC pilot plant was manufactured by Kimura Chemical Plants. The reasons why a packed column structure was selected were because (1) substantial data were available of the basic research of HIDiC process and system accumulated by Kyoto University and AIST, (2) large energy-saving rate can be expected if internal reflux liquid is distributed evenly over the heat transfer surfaces of packed columns, (3) no problem of fouling and plugging/blockade owing to the clean service of petrochemicals.

Development of a protein array for autoantibody profiling of blood

Abstract: −149− Synthesiology English edition Vol.7 No.3 pp.149-157 (Dec. 2014) including diabetes, cancer, Alzheimer’s disease, rheumatism, and dilated cardiomyopathy. We developed a comprehensive detection system of autoantibodies and have correlated the autoantibodies and diseases, by preparing antigen proteins using the world’s largest human protein expression resource and a human protein synthesis technology that we have been working on for a long time. We hope to further the technological development for a comprehensive profiling of blood autoantibodies that are individually different and are closely related to health.

Development of a stable growth factor suitable for radioprotection

Abstract: When an organism is exposed to radiation, various effects occur, though there may be differences in quality or degree. These are the cleavage of nucleic acids and the denaturalization of biological substances by active oxygen and free radicals that are produced by the excitation of water caused by the energy absorbed by the body, depending on the types of radiation such as alpha ray, beta ray, gamma ray, X-ray, or neutron ray. Many such effects are not favorable to biological activity. Since the organisms evolved to adapt to the radiation in the natural environment including cosmic rays, natural radiation from earth, and radiation derived from substances ingested as food, organisms inherently possess a molecular mechanism to overcome such effects. Therefore, most of the effects of radiations at the level present in the natural environment do not cause problems on the individual level. However, when there is exposure to extremely high level of radiation, damage always occurs in a short period (this is called the acute radiation syndrome, or deterministic effect), and this may override the natural healing ability of the organism, and may lead to death of an individual at the worst. Even at low-level exposure, damages may manifest at certain probability after some passage of time (this is called the late radiation injury, or stochastic effect) (Fig. 1).

Development of an advanced sewage sludge incinerator, “ turbocharged fluidized bed incinerator ”

Abstract: −12− Synthesiology English edition Vol.7 No.1 pp.12-21 (Jun. 2014) cannot be used in many systems. Therefore, the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure Transport and Tourism (MLIT) has proposed measures for energy savings and greenhouse gas reduction in the sewage sludge incineration process, and a system that essentially achieves both energy savings and low N2O production is in demand. In the future, the need for updating a large number of the existing incinerators is expected, and the development of a sewage sludge incineration process using a new technology is an immediate issue.