Showing papers in "Taxon in 1989"

On Food and Cooking: The Science and Lore of the Kitchen

Abstract: A kitchen classic for nearly 35 years. Hailed by Time magazine as a minor masterpiece when it first appeared in 1984, On Food and Cooking is the bible to which food lovers and professional chefs worldwide turn for an understanding of where our foods come from, what exactly they're made of, and how cooking transforms them into something new and delicious. For its twentieth anniversary, Harold McGee prepared a new, fully revised and updated edition of On Food and Cooking. He has rewritten the text almost completely, expanded it by two-thirds, and commissioned more than 100 new illustrations. As compulsively readable and engaging as ever, the new On Food and Cooking provides countless eye-opening insights into food, its preparation, and its enjoyment. On Food and Cooking pioneered the translation of technical food science into cook-friendly kitchen science and helped birth the inventive culinary movement known as molecular gastronomy. Though other books have been written about kitchen science, On Food and Cooking remains unmatched in the accuracy, clarity, and thoroughness of its explanations, and the intriguing way in which it blends science with the historical evolution of foods and cooking techniques. Among the major themes addressed throughout the new edition are: - Traditional and modern methods of food production and their influences on food quality - The great diversity of methods by which people in different places and times have prepared the same ingredients - Tips for selecting the best ingredients and preparing them successfully - The particular substances that give foods their flavors, and that give us pleasure - Our evolving knowledge of the health benefits and risks of foods On Food and Cooking is an invaluable and monumental compendium of basic information about ingredients, cooking methods, and the pleasures of eating. It will delight and fascinate anyone who has ever cooked, savored, or wondered about food.

CRC handbook of lichenology

Abstract: VOLUME III: Chemical Constituents of Lichens. Secondary Metabolic Products. Storage Products of Lichens. Pigments. Carotenoids. Phycobiliproteins. Principles of Classification and Main Taxonomic Groups. Interaction of Lichens and Pollutants. Other Uses of Lichens. Use of Lichens in Dating. Medicinal and Other Economic Aspects. Lichens and Pedogenesis. Methods for Cultivating Lichens and Isolated Bionts. Index.

Lichens, bryophytes, and air quality

Abstract: Bryologists and lichenologists are well aware of the differential sensitivity of bryophytes and lichens to air pollutants. However, governmental agencies and other scientists have not used the wealth of information to the fullest extent. It is hoped that this volume will help bridge the gap between the professional bryologist and lichenologist on the one hand and those who are concerned with assessing biological aspects of air FR EN DE

In situ preservation of dna in plant specimens

Abstract: Summary Twenty-seven treatments of plant specimens were examined to determine their effects on the quantity and quality of DNA obtained from spinach leaves. Treatments included various drying methods, cold storage, and chemical preservatives. Good yields of quality genomic DNA (30-50 kbp) were obtained from fresh, frozen, and dried leaves, but none of the chemical preservatives yielded high molecular weight DNA, even after only three to seven days of storage. The application of the hot CTAB procedure to fresh and dried leaves of Ginkgo biloba, Juniperus ashei, J. virginiana, Magnolia grandiflora, Phoradendron tomentosum, Pinus ponderosa, Quercus virginiana and Thuja orientalis, species that possess considerable tannins, yielded high molecular weight DNA from all the fresh leaves with some degradation. The dried leaves of Juniperus ashei, Quercus virginiana and Magnolia grandiflora yielded only small amounts of high molecular weight DNA with the hot CTAB extraction procedure.

A suprageneric taxonomic classification of the hamamelidaceae

Abstract: The first comprehensive suprageneric classification of the family Hamamelidaceae since the treatment by Harms (1930) is provided. Four subfamilies are recognized: Hamamelidoideae, Rhodoleioideae, Exbucklandioideae (incl. Disanthoideae and Mytilarioideae), and Altingioideae. The Hamamelidoideae contain four tribes: Hamamelideae, Corylopsideae, Eustigmateae, and Fothergilleae (incl. Distylieae). Within the Hamamelideae three subtribes are described: Hamamelidinae subtrib. nov.; Loropetalinae subtrib. nov., and Dicoryphinae subtrib. nov.

The use of the species pair concept in lichen taxonomy

Abstract: Etude sur l'historique, les limites et les consequences taxonomiques du concept d'espece binomiale

Origins of heterospory and the seed habit: the role of heterochrony

Abstract: Summary The origin of the seed-plant life history, and subsequent diversification of seed morphology, should be considered two independent, fundamentally distinct evolutionary problems. Gametophytic endospory may have arisen paedomorphically from homosporous ancestors, specifically by progenesis in the gametophyte generation. Heterospory and gametophytic unisexuality are not necessarily evolutionary antecedents of endospory; rather, they may have arisen as developmental consequences of endospory. Once seeds existed, their early pattern of diversification was not one of gradual change in form, but of a proliferation of integumentary types differing widely from one another. Subsequently, the morphological spectrum narrowed, with closed integuments eventually prevailing. This two-stage pattern of diversity suggests an initial phenotypic breakthrough into a largely "empty" adaptive zone, followed by intensified biotic competition as the adaptive zone filled.

Species-pattern or process?

Abstract: Summary It is emphasized that taxonomy concerns pattern and that attempts to apply temporal aspects to taxa, including species, are doomed to lead to unsolvable paradoxes. The temporal species concepts have serious impacts on biological theory as the recognition of taxa is confused with evolutionary processes. The choice of inclusiveness of any Linnean taxon is in principle arbitrary in each particular case.

The ephedra‐species of p. forsskål: identity and typification

Abstract: Summary The names of the two Ephedra-species validly published in P. ForsskAl's Flora aegyptiaco-arabica are typified: E. aphylla Forssk. by means of a neotype, and E. foeminea Forssk. by designation of a lectotype. Arguments and details in support of the decisions are provided. Hitherto, E. aphylla has usually been called E. alte C. Meyer. The type material of the later published E. alte is in fact a mixture of E. aphylla (male specimens) and E. foliata Boiss. ex C. Meyer (female specimens). Ephedrafoeminea also has priority against E. campylopoda C. Meyer. The species and their closer relatives are compared with respect to their morphology, ecology and distribution.

Measurement of biological and historical influences on plant classifications

Abstract: In the first part of this paper I suggest that the best general measure of the hollow curve is the variance of the fitted lognormal distribution. By this means we can compare classifications, such as Linnaean classifications with modern ones; the Linnaean classification of the Gramineae is more « lumped» but more «even» than the modern one. In the second part I use phenetic automatic classifications as a model for the classification process to show that classifications are heavily influenced by the method used, but that the biological patterns of character state distribution among organisms also contribute to the hollowness of the curve

Nomenclatural and taxonomic notes on the infrageneric taxa of the tuber-bearing solanums (solanaceae)

Abstract: Literature Cited Bremekamp, C. E. B. 1937. The Malaysian species of the genus Ixora (Rub.). Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz. ser. III, 14: 197-367. Burman, J. 1737. Thesaurus zeylanicus.... Amsterdam. 111 pls. Corner, E. J. H. 1941. Notes on the systematy and distribution of Malayan phanerogams. IV. Ixora. Gard. Bull. Str. Settl. 21: 177-236. Fosberg, F. R. and M.-H. Sachet. In press. Three cultivated ixoras. Baileya. L. H. Bailey Hortorium. 1976. Hortus third. New York. Linnaeus, C. 1747. Flora zeylanica.... Stockholm. Nicolson, D. H., C. R. Suresh and K. S. Manilal. 1988. An interpretation of Van Rheede's Hortus malabaricus. Regnum Veg. 119: 1-378. Plukenet, L. 1694, 1696. Phytographia... Almagestum bot.... London, p. 196, t. 59, f. 2. Rheede tot Drakenstein, H. A. van. 1679. Hortus indicus malabaricus 2: 17, t. 13. Amsterdam.

Systematics of biological systematics (or, taxonomy of taxonomy)

Abstract: Taxonomy and systematics, which clarify organization among organisms by analysis of relationships, classification, and naming, ironically themselves require clarification of these parameters. The following are concerns: circumscription of research area: relationship with other biological sciences ― whether overlapping or not, and whether hierarchical or not; subdisciplinary classification; and nomenclatural analysis of the disciplinary titles: taxonomy, systematics, biosystematics, experimental taxonomy, genecology, and population genetics

Matisia and quararibea (bombacaceae) should be retained as separate genera

Abstract: This study indicates that Quararibea differs completely from Matisia by its reduced ovarian locule number and, less definitively, by its short, radially-symmetrical staminal lobes. In keeping with the original generic concepts, these genera are easily distinguished and should be maintained as separate

Fifteen years with the computer: assessment of the “precis” taxonomic system

Abstract: Summary PRECIS (Pretoria National Herbarium Computerized Information System) is designed to provide information about plants in southern Africa, a region that lacks a completed moder flora. The system now consists of four separate but linked components: Specimen, Taxon, Nomenclatural and Curatorial. The "PRECIS experiment" covers an estimated nine per cent of the world's plant species. It provides a broad and continuously up-to-date overview of the southern African flora as well as detailed information about particular species, specimens and localities. PRECIS results have wide applicability in taxonomic and vegetation studies, and could not have been obtained without computerization.