Showing papers in "Taxon in 1993"
TL;DR: Wilson and Reeder's Mammal Species of the World as discussed by the authors is the classic reference book on the taxonomic classification and distribution of more than 5400 species of mammals that exist today.
Abstract: Wilson and Reeder's Mammal Species of the World is the classic reference book on the taxonomic classification and distribution of the more than 5400 species of mammals that exist today. The third edition includes detailed information on nomenclature and, for the first time, common names. Each concise entry covers type locality, distribution, synonyms, and major reference sources. The systematic arrangement of information indicates evolutionary relationships at both the ordinal and the family level. This indispensable reference work belongs in public and academic libraries throughout the world and on the shelf of every biologist who works with mammals.
5,477 citations
705 citations
TL;DR: A revised system that incorporates the sections proposed by Baillon and Grisebach is presented, with a key to the 40 sections recognized, along with a description and list of representative species.
Abstract: The 19th century classification of Croton by Muller Argoviensis is highly artificial. A revised system that incorporates the sections proposed by Baillon and Grisebach is presented, with a key to the 40 sections recognized. For each section, types and synonymy are indicated, along with a description and list of representative species. Described as new are 2 sections (C. sect. Anadenocroton, sect. Corylocroton) and 3 subsections (C. subsect. Cuneati, subsect. Matourenses, subsect. Sampatik); 2 new sectional names (C. sect. Argyrocroton, sect. Luntia) represent changes in rank.
166 citations
TL;DR: 44 taxa of Juniperus were analysed using RAPDs, similarity measures and principal coordinate analyses (PCO) to confirm earlier taxonomic work based on leaf terpenoids and find the genus appears to be naturally divided into three major sections.
Abstract: 44 taxa of Juniperus were analysed using RAPDs, similarity measures and principal coordinate analyses (PCO). The three sections of Juniperus (sect. Caryocedrus, sect. Juniperus, sect. Sabina) were found to be distinguished by RAPDs. The genus appears to be naturally divided into three major sections with two series (serrate and smooth leaf margins) in J. sect. Sabina. Additional examinations of specific and infraspecific taxa confirms earlier taxonomic work based on leaf terpenoids. Computer software (PCO3D from R.P.A.) for PCO is introduced for the analysis of RAPDs. RAPDs were found to be of taxonomic use ranging from sectional to varietal levels.
126 citations
TL;DR: This work is a nomenclatural review of the twenty-one generic names that have been used to designate mesozoic tracheidoxyls with araucarioid cross-field pitting and only eight are legitimate and can be justifiably used.
Abstract: Many studies on fossil woods did not respect the International code of botanical nomenclature. As a result their nomenclature is complex and fluctuating. During preparation of a thesis on Jurassic fossil woods from Franche-Comtd (northeastern France), problems have arisen with the nomenclature of gymnospermous woods with araucarioid cross-field pitting. This work is a nomenclatural review of the twenty-one generic names that have been used to designate mesozoic tracheidoxyls with araucarioid cross-fields. Only eight are legitimate and can be justifiably used. As a taxonomic summary, a generic key is proposed.
91 citations
50 citations
TL;DR: RAPD markers were used to assess the relationship among species, cultivars and hybrids of lilacs and it was felt that RAPD markers will be very useful for assessing the origin of cultivar and hybrid of many plant species.
Abstract: RAPD markers were used to assess the relationship among species, cultivars and hybrids of lilacs. Thirteen random primers were used to examine 87-130 bands per cultivar or hybrid. The percent band sharing among Syringa xchinensis 'Alba', S. xchinensis 'Saugeana', S. xchinensis 'Red Rothomagensis' and. S. xpersica, was surprisingly high (98.3 % to 99.6 %), supporting the theory that S. xpersica has the same species parentage as the three S. xchinensis hybrids, but also indicating that all four are of different clonal origin since they do not share 100 % of their bands. The percent band sharing among the hybrids and their putative parental species, S. vulgaris L. (3 selections) and S. protolaciniata P. S. Green & M. C. Chang (2 selections), were also determined. On average the first shared 48.9 % of their bands with the hybrids, and the second shared 50.7 %, thus strongly supporting the postulated parentage. Most bands found in the hybrids were shared with at least one of the selections, but 11 bands were found exclusively in all four hybrids. They might either represent genetic characteristics specific to these hybrids or might indicate that the exact parental selection combination has not yet been studied. The two studied selections of S. protolaciniata shared only 90,7 % of their bands, thus confirming that they are of different provenances. It is felt that RAPD markers will be very useful for assessing the origin of cultivars and hybrids of many plant species.
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42 citations
TL;DR: Each member of the International Association for Plant Taxonomy is entitled to participate in the preliminary mail vote on nomenclature proposals submitted to the XVIII International Botanical Congress as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Each personal member of the International Association for Plant Taxonomy is entitled to participate in the Preliminary Mail Vote on nomenclature proposals submitted to the XVIII International Botanical Congress, as stated in Division III of the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (McNeill & al. in Regnum Veg. 146. 2006). Authors of proposals to amend the Code and members of the Permanent Nomenclature Committees (described in Div. III.2) are also entitled to participate, but no institutional votes are allowed. A voting form is inserted in this issue of Taxon and, if lost, available from www .iapt-taxon.org (sub Nomenclature). The voting forms (ballots) should be returned to the IAPT Office, Institute of Botany, University of Vienna, Rennweg 14, A-1030, Vienna, Austria, by 31 May 2011, so that they may be included in the tabulation to be made available to members of the Nomenclature Section of the Congress. The sessions of the Nomenclature Section, which will take definitive action on proposals, will be held in the Copland Theatre, Economics and Commerce Building 148, University of Melbourne (Parkville campus), Melbourne, Australia, from Monday, 18 July 2011 (09:00 hours) to Friday, 22 July 2011 (see http://www.ibc2011.com/ NomenclatureSection.htm). Each person registered for at least one full day of the Congress is entitled to enrol as a member of the Nomenclature Section. Registration for the Congress should be done in advance (see http://www .ibc2011.com/Registration.htm); the confirmation received will be the evidence of eligibility for registration for the Nomenclature Section, which will start during a welcoming reception on Sunday, 17 July, at 16:00 hours at The School of Botany Building 122 on the Parkville campus; Nomenclature Section registration will continue on Monday, 18 July at 08:00 hours at the Copland Theatre. Each member of the Nomenclature Section is entitled to one personal vote in the sessions. Personal votes can neither be transferred nor accumulated; one person never receives more than one personal vote. A member of the Nomenclature Section may be the official delegate of one or more institutions, thereby carrying their votes, but no one person is allowed more than 15 votes (including his or her personal vote). Official delegates are required to submit their credentials and to collect their voting cards when registering for the Nomenclature Section. Institutions are being advised of their allocation of votes in March 2011, in accordance with Division III of the Code. INTRODUCTION
TL;DR: In this article, Isozyme variation was analyzed in 11 diploid populations identified as P. lemmonii and one identified as the rare P. parishii, and variation profiles were generated for each population, reflecting each allele as either absent, present and fixed, or present and not fixed.
Abstract: Phylogenetic species, the minimal elements appropriate as terminals in phylogenetic analysis, are population systems that are differentiated by unique (i.e., diagnostic) character combinations. Within the predominantly polyploid Puccinellia nuttalliana species complex, two diploid taxonomic species are recognized on the basis of morphology. Isozyme variation was analysed in 11 diploid populations identified as P. lemmonii and one identified as the rare P. parishii, and variation profiles were generated for each population, reflecting each allele as either absent, present and fixed, or present and not fixed. Population Aggregation Analysis (PAA) grouped these populations into two distinct isozyme species that correspond precisely in membership to the species recognized previously on the basis of morphology; thus, isozyme patterns are congruent with those of morphology. Mean genetic identities among populations of P. lemmonii are not unusually high for conspecific plant populations, nor are genetic identities between populations of the two species unusually low.
TL;DR: By identification of the holotype of Miller's name and the evaluation of some historical facts concerning Miller's source trees, the correct botanical name for the Mexican cypress is established and its principal synonymy given.
Abstract: Vagaries regarding the origin and taxonomic relationship of the second true cypress described after Linnaeus's Cupressus sempervirens result in the current use of two to three binomials for what is beyond doubt a single species. By identification of the holotype of Miller's name and the evaluation of some historical facts concerning Miller's source trees, the correct botanical name for the Mexican cypress is established and its principal synonymy given.
TL;DR: The scientific and lexicological works of the Swedish naturalist Charles Linneaus (1707-1778) have raised up a great interest in France after his death and the first linnean society in the world was founded in Paris in December 1787 and a linneaus's bust was unveiled in the jardin du roi in august 1790.
Abstract: The scientific and lexicological works of the Swedish naturalist Charles Linneaus (1707-1778) have raised up a great interest in France after his death. The Linneaus's doctrines were at first very popular among the south France naturalists (Montpellier, Lyons, Agen,. . . ) and spread soon after among those of Paris and among the political authorities who saw in them the confirmation of the Condillac's views defended by the ideologies. The first linnean society in the world was founded in Paris in December 1787 and a linneaus's bust was unveiled in the jardin du roi in august 1790. Nevertheless, we pointed out that the position of Adanson, A-L. De Jussieu and Lamarck towards the works of Linnaeus was very more reserved. 1818 was the revival of linneism in France with the creation of linnean societies in Bordeaux (1818), Paris (1821), Lyons (1822), Caen (1823), and the emergence, through the linnean feast, of a real linneaus's cult which we established as the sign of a protest against the spread in botanical science of the Jussieu's natural method. But the struggle of the linneans was anachronical and after 1830 the linnaeus's cult dwindled and finally disappeared.
TL;DR: The chromosome number of Viola pilosa was counted as 2n = 20 and other characteristics such as acaulescent stoloniferous habit, adaptations to myrmecochorous dispersal and slightly uncinate styles suggest close similarity to V. ser.
Abstract: The chromosome number of Viola pilosa was counted as 2n = 20. This number as well as other characteristics such as acaulescent stoloniferous habit, adaptations to myrmecochorous dispersal and slightly uncinate styles suggest close similarity of V. pilosa and its relatives to V. ser. Viola. On the other hand, they contrast in chromosome number, fruit characters and style morphology with other species traditionally placed in V. ser. Serpentes (W. Becker) Steenis. We thus propose that V. pilosa, including the type of V. ser. Serpentes, and its relatives be transferred to V. ser. Viola. A new name is given to what is left of Becker's "Serpentes group": V. ser. Australasiaticae Okamoto.
TL;DR: In the face of extinction of many of these organisms, we need to learn as much about them as quickly as possible as discussed by the authors, which can be achieved through monographic studies, which contain basic descriptive information about organisms and their distributions.
Abstract: The increasing size and activities of the human population have resulted in pressure on the survival of other life forms. In the face of extinction of many of these organisms, we need to learn as much about them as quickly as possible. One level of understanding can be achieved through monographic studies, which contain basic descriptive information about organisms and their distributions. Monographs also contain predictive classifications and usually also evolutionary and biogeographic hypotheses for use by systematic biologists and society in general. The current rate of disappearance of the world's biota suggests need for increased ?levels of creative monographic activity. Funding for botanical monography in the United States, however, is declining, and fewer graduate students are being trained with these interests and skills. Large-scale monographic projects with established workers and postdoctoral associates together focusing on large taxa (i.e., 50-100 species) are advocated as one solution to the problem.
TL;DR: The HDR complex indeed is poor in shikimate-derived compounds; polyketide, mevalonate, and Krebs cycle-derived substances, which originate primarily by reactions such as condensation, esterification, and reduction, prevail but lack systematic continuity.
Abstract: Galloyl esters (galloand ellagitannins), which occur throughout the more primitive members of the Hamamelididae, Dilleniidae and Rosidae (the "HDR complex"), are important chemosystematic markers. Their significance is not limited to their strong protein-binding activity, as was formerly believed, or to their toxic properties, which have more recently been recognized. They also have powerful electron scavenging properties, thus inhibiting oxidation, a reaction that is fundamental in the synthesis of secondary metabolites. The HDR complex indeed is poor in shikimate-derived compounds; polyketide, mevalonate, and Krebs cycle-derived substances, which originate primarily by reactions such as condensation, esterification, and reduction, prevail but lack systematic continuity. The absence of coherent chemosystematic markers reflects the systematic isolation of the orders and superorders in the HDR complex, where phylogenetic relationships are less obvious than in the other dicotyledonous subclasses. Phytoalexins are mostly found in members of the HDR complex that are poor in galloyl esters. In view of their molecular properties (small, planar, highly conjugated molecules) it is suggested that they equally act as antioxidants. The superorders belonging to the subclasses Magnoliidae, Caryophyllidae, and Asteridae, which lack galloyl esters, are endowed with antioxidants of weak efficacy (proanthocyanidins and/or caffeic acid esters) and have a rich array of secondary metabolites, which permits the recognition of major evolutionary lines.
TL;DR: The chromosome numbers in Sonneratia and Duabanga are inconsistent and indicate the basic numbers of the two genera are x = 9 or 11 and x = 12, respectively, which is most likely the ancestral number for the order.
Abstract: Published chromosome numbers in Sonneratia and Duabanga are inconsistent and indicate the basic numbers of the two genera are x = 9 or 11 and x = 12, respectively. Chromosome number counts made in this study for three species of Sonneratia indicate 2n = 24, and for two species of Duabanga, 2n = 48. The base is established as x = 12 in both genera. Although the genera have accumulated numerous autapomorphies that lead them to be regarded in separate subfamilies Sonneratioideae and Duabangoideae of the Lythraceae s.l., they share karyologically similar chromosomes and a unique basic number for the family, which is x = 8 in the remaining subfamilies Punicoideae and Lythroideae. Sonneratia and Duabanga are regarded as among the most primitive genera of the Lythraceae s.l. A number of other myrtalean higher taxa also have x = 12. This base number is most likely the ancestral number for the order.
TL;DR: An overview of validly published suprageneric names of the Caryophyllaceae is presented to present an overview of higher-level relationships within the family.
Abstract: Through our work on the nomenclature of the Caryophyllaceae in preparing our treatments for the Generic flora of the southeastern United States (Rabeler, in prep.) and for The families and genera of the vascular plants (Bittrich, in prep.) we uncovered a number of problems involving the suprageneric names being used in the Caryophyllaceae. Given the increased interest in higher-level relationships in the Caryophyllidae that has arisen from the application of molecular (e.g., Giannasi & al., 1992) and cladistic methods (e.g., Rodman & al., 1984; Rodman, 1990; Hershkovitz, 1991) and from questions about relationships within the Caryophyllaceae (e.g., Gilbert, 1987; Hershkovitz, 1991), we feel that it is appropriate to present an overview of validly published suprageneric names.
TL;DR: Registration postponed to take effect by the year 2000, provided that the next Congress will again agree; the NCU principle not endorsed but sent back to the level of committee deliberations how may the hypothesis of a new nomenclature having arisen out of the Tokyo Congress be voiced.
Abstract: The impatient innovative mind will perhaps frown at the question in the title, having read the report on Congress action on nomenclature proposals on the preceding pages. Registration postponed to take effect by the year 2000, provided that the next Congress will again agree; the NCU principle not endorsed but sent back to the level of committee deliberations how may we dare to voice the hypothesis of a new nomenclature having arisen out of the Tokyo Congress?
TL;DR: The present paper constitutes a first step toward a revision of the genus Arbutus in the Canary Archipelago with a new interspecific hybrid represented by A. canariensis Veill.
Abstract: During field work in Tenerife, Canary Islands, we have located a population of Arbutus unedo L. until now unknow to us. We observed that among the individuals of this population some possessed characteristics similar to A. canariensis Veill. After a detailed study of these individuals we decided that they represented a new interspecific hybrid. The present paper constitutes a first step toward a revision of the genus Arbutus in the Canary Archipelago.