Showing papers in "Technology in Society in 1994"

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss the concept of a national system of innovation (NSI) in the context of increased globalization in scientific and technological activities, and the importance of international innovative processes in relation to NSIs is compared with that of the domestic ones.

TL;DR: In this paper, several strategies for converting government procurement into instruments of technology policy are reviewed by examining case studies, and the most important factors are: the technological capacity of the public sector user, the value of orders that allows the supplier to reduce the risk associated with innovation, and relation between needs and requirements.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examine the properties inherent in large technical systems that increase the risk to their deployers and sponsors of losing political legitimacy, using the management of radioactive wastes in the U.S. and the public's trust in the Department of Energy.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors analyze available data concerning the public perception of biotechnology and genetic engineering in Spain and show a series of ambivalent attitudes in Spanish public opinion towards these modern technologies.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the factors that have influenced, and are currently influencing, the dominant patterns of technological innovation in the pulp and paper industry and argued that if a model of general economic development is accepted as valid, it should be applicable to individual sectors or industries as well.

TL;DR: In this paper, the relationship between Japanese culture and modern technology is discussed, and it is argued that these values have shaped the course of modern technology in Japan, a course that both advanced and developing countries can learn from.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors argue that U.S. goods cost too much to design, develop, and build, and a related set of pressures exist on the civilian side of the economy.

TL;DR: In this paper, four concepts are developed to guide technology policy: self-organization, learning, positive feedback, and emergence, based on the new science of complexity, and they are used to guide the choice of policy options.

TL;DR: The authors compared the S&T-based policies used by European countries (specifically, the members of the European Community), Japan, and the United States to reduce economic disparities among and within regions.

TL;DR: In this paper, the concept of a National System of Innovation is defined in terms of policies that directly affect the structural and behavioral aspects of industries and policies that shape the selection environment and, thereby, the nature of the selection processes to which the industries are exposed.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors develop a broad interpretative framework to examine these evolving realities, examines in some detail the new challenges, and shows that some strategies in good currency (open liberalization, warring blocs) are ill inspired.

TL;DR: In the long term, green evolution will occur because sociotechnical systems advance a few percent per year along environmentally desirable directions or trajectories as discussed by the authors, and the critical directions include decarbonization and dematerialization.

TL;DR: In this article, an expanded, integrated, and self-sufficient model for public-private partnerships is proposed through which 503(c) nonprofit organizations can manage and operate technology extension programs for the state or federal government.

TL;DR: In this article, the interaction between economic restructuring and privatization is summarized, the causes of the decline of Hungary's economy are examined, and the impact of foreign investment in Hungary is reviewed.

TL;DR: In this article, the development of a macro-engineering diplomacy is proposed as a fundamental framework for solving global environmental problems, which might result in avoiding wasted efforts at national and regional levels.

TL;DR: In this paper, a new national policy to promote technology should focus on enhancing the basic incentives of the private enterprise system, rather than supporting expensive new subsidies to private enterprise, and the federal government would be well advised to embarking on a comprehensive regulatory reform effort, adopting a simpler patent system, and overhauling the cumbersome process through which the public sector procures high-tech products.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors focus on biotechnology to illustrate some of the issues involved in the emerging information age and its lexicon, arguing that this new age demands the reinterpretation of basic ideas ranging from scientific vision to theories of properties and property rights.

TL;DR: In this article, a new National Forum on Science and Technology (NFST) is proposed to draw the key actors together in a way which inserts a national vision into the current ecology of games.

TL;DR: The medical imaging industry offers an example of what can happen when an industry ignores threats from new technologies and fails to respond to a change in the paradigm upon which it is based.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss the issues relating to competitiveness and its effects on management policies, technology, and the workforce that those interviewed said were of primary importance, including declining competitiveness, competitive strategies, obstacles to competitiveness, and future strategies.

TL;DR: In this paper, the author argues that these obstacles depend for their strength on outdated notions and on a simplistic view of our own psychological makeup, and argues that such obstacles depend on a simple view of the world.

TL;DR: Using personal anecdotes, the author examines the history of Yellowstone National Park and its affect on the development of scientific research, on public policy concerning national parks, and on his own interests and career as mentioned in this paper.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors argue that the United States has paid insufficient attention in recent years to the relationship between its overall economic well-being and technology, and that a major goal of the Clinton Administration, and the objective of the Technology Administration in the Department of Commerce, is to work with industry to address these issues.