Showing papers in "The American Historical Review in 1970"

Bede's ecclesiastical history of the English people

Abstract: Bede's Ecclesiastical History of the English People was completed in 731 and still ranks among the most popular of history books. By the end of the eighth century, copies of it were to be found in many parts of England and on the Continent, some of which are still extant. If it were not for Bede's History we should know little about the Anglo-Saxon invasion and the beginnings of Christianity in England, and such familiar names as Edwin and Oswald, Cuthbert and Chad, Hilda and Caedmon would be almost forgotten. First published in 1969, Colgrave and Mynors's edition made use for the first time of the mid-eighth-century manuscript now in Leningrad, provided a survey of the extant manuscripts, and a new translation; it also brought up to date Plummer's invaluable edition. This revised edition takes into account J.M. Wallace-Hadrill's Bede's Ecclesiastical History of the English People: A Historical Commentary (Oxford Medieval Texts, 1988), enabling the reader to use the two in conjunction.

Shoal of Time: A History of the Hawaiian Islands@@@Hawaii: Reciprocity or Annexation

Abstract: Gavan Daws' remarkable achievement is to free Hawaiian history from the dust of antiquity. Based on years of work in the documentary sources, Shoal of Time emerges as the most readable of all Hawaiian histories.

Atoms and Powers: An Essay on Newtonian Matter-Theory and the Development of Chemistry

Abstract: We may not be able to make you love reading, but atoms and powers an essay on newtonian mattertheory and the development of chemistry will lead you to love reading starting from now. Book is the window to open the new world. The world that you want is in the better stage and level. World will always guide you to even the prestige stage of the life. You know, this is some of how reading will give you the kindness. In this case, more books you read more knowledge you know, but it can mean also the bore is full.

The Church and the Two Nations in Medieval Ireland

Abstract: This book examines the way in which the central English government dealt with Irish ecclesiastical matters from the time of the invasion and partial conquest of Ireland by Henry II in 1171 up to the Statute of Kilkenny. The struggle involved the king, the clergy in Ireland, both Irish and English, and the pope. Using manuscript material and printed sources, which have not been previously used for this purpose, Dr Watt shows how an attempt was made to 'colonize' Ireland by ecclesiastical means, and traces the changing fates and fortunes of the 'two nations' in their relations with one another. Dr Watt also deals very fully with the role played in the struggle by the religious orders, particularly the Cistercians and the friars, and with the effect which the English common law had on the Irish clergy.

The Evolution of the Ottoman Seaborne Empire in the Age of the Oceanic Discoveries, 1453-1525

Abstract: would encompass the world. In the same period Ottoman sultans, entering upon a century of major expansion, created an Islamic seaborne empire. Corresponding in time but different in character, these two imperial maritime ventures came together along the northern coastline of the Indian Ocean to create a new frontier that firmly separated two different societies. Until recently the study of joint Ottoman and Iberian naval expansion during the years when Christian Europe rose to the position of a world power on the oceans has not attracted attention. European historians, preoccupied with the identification of their own history, first unraveled the dramatic story of the oceanic voyages, the discoveries, and the European commercial and colonial empires, only stopping to consider how Muslim actions influenced the course of European history: Did the Ottoman Turks cause the oceanic explorations? Did the Portuguese discovery of the new route to India divert Asian trade from Mediterranean to Atlantic ports?1 Once these questions were answered, the study of Islamic history became the work of small, specialized disciplines, such as Oriental studies, which occupied a position on the periphery of the Western historical profession. Finally the successful imperial expansion of Western states in Islamic territories during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries confirmed for most Europeans the idea that the history of Islam, let alone the deeds of Ottoman sultans, had little influence on the expansion of the West. In the long run, however, the forces that stimulated Western imperialism led to a greater interest in Islamic history. The voyages of discovery, as revolutionary leaps in the technology of communication, reduced the distance between the world's societies and, therefore, brought Muslims and Christians together as - An assistant pr-ofessor of history at Temple University, Mr. Hess, who specializes in Ottoman history, received his Ph.D. from Harvard in 1966, having studied with Stanford Shaw. An earlier ar

Red Fascism: The Merger of Nazi Germany and Soviet Russia in the American Image of Totalitarianism, 1930's–1950's

Abstract: IN the early months of the cold war, Herbert L. Matthews of the New York Times posed some disturbing questions: "Should we now place Stalinist Russia in the same category as Hitlerite Germany? Should we say that she is Fascist?"' He answered affirmatively, as did many Americans in the post-World War II era. President Harry S. Truman himself remarked in I947 that "There isn't any difference in totalitarian states. I don't care what you call them, Nazi, Communist or Fascist....".2 Americans both before and after the Second World War casually and deliberately articulated distorted similarities between Nazi and Communist ideologies, German and Soviet foreign policies, authoritarian controls, and trade practices, and Hitler and Stalin. This popular analogy was a potent and pervasive notion that significantly shaped American perception of world events in the cold war. Once Russia was designated the "enemy" by American leaders, Americans transferred their hatred for Hitler's Germany to Stalin's Russia with considerable ease and persuasion. As Matthews put it, "It is really a matter of labels."3 Those Americans who labeled Russia "Nazi Germany" and coined the phrase "Red Fascism"'4 were seeking relief from their frustrated hopes for a peaceful postwar world and from their shock in finding continued international tension after the close of a long and destructive war. They were well acquainted with Germany; they were less familiar with un-

The Young Turks : the Committee of Union and Progress in Turkish politics, 1908-1914

Abstract: This book, first published in 1973, was regarded on publication as the definitive study of the 'Young Turks', or Committee of Union and Progress, the name given to a group of Turkish army officers who sought to reform the Ottoman Empire and who in 1908 led a constitutional revolution against Sultan Ahmed Hamid II. The author also discusses the counter-revolution of 1909 and the emergence of the 'Group of Saviour officers' who formed a cabinet determined to destroy the Young Turks. With the rout of the Ottoman armies in the First Balkan War and the loss of Macedonia, the Unionists, led by the charismatic Enver Bey, carried out a coup on 23 January 1913 and regained power. Thereafter they pursued a more moderate and conciliatory policy abandoning the idea of 'union'. The book concludes by examining the impact of territorial losses and of six years of revolution and war on the Ottoman state and society.