Showing papers in "The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition in 1997"

TL;DR: Several disease-risk models and formulations of these models are available to account for energy intake in epidemiologic analyses, including adjustment of nutrient intakes for total energy intake by regression analysis and addition of total energy to a model with the nutrient density.

TL;DR: Great care must be taken not only to use appropriate animal models when studying lipoprotein metabolism but also to feed the animals comparable amounts of n-3 fatty acids, because failure to properly address these issues will make it difficult to uncover the biochemical basis for the hypolipidemic effect of fish oils in humans through use of experimental animals.

TL;DR: The National Weight Control Registry identified a large sample of individuals who were highly successful at maintaining weight loss and indicated that weight loss led to improvements in their level of energy, physical mobility, general mood, self-confidence, and physical health.

TL;DR: Infections, no matter how mild, have adverse effects on nutritional status that can impair resistance to infection and cell-mediated and nonspecific immunity are more sensitive than humoral immunity.

TL;DR: In the elderly, impaired immunity can be enhanced by modest amounts of a combination of micronutrients, and low-birth-weight infants have a prolonged impairment of cell-mediated immunity that can be partly restored by providing extra amounts of dietary zinc.

TL;DR: The physiologic anorexia of aging puts older persons at high risk for developing protein-energy malnutrition when they develop either psychologic or physical disease processes.

TL;DR: In humans, the bioavailability of lycopene is greater from tomato paste than from fresh tomatoes, and only the AUC response for the cis-isomers was significantly higher after ingestion of tomato paste.

TL;DR: Inulin showed a better laxative effect than lactose and reduced functional constipation with only mild discomfort and SCFAs showed a slight trend toward higher molar ratios of acetate to butyrate in response to the intake of lactose or inulin.

TL;DR: The purpose of this review is to summarize the current understanding of the cholesterolemic effects of individual fatty acids, and it appears that myristic acid is the most potent saturated fatty acid.

TL;DR: It is concluded that intake of antioxidant flavonols is not inversely associated with IHD risk in the United Kingdom, and experimental evidence suggests that adding milk to tea abolishes the plasma antioxidant-raising capacity of tea.

TL;DR: Underreporting of energy intake was highest in women and persons who were older, overweight, or trying to lose weight, and was associated with diets lower in fat and alcohol when expressed as a percentage of total energy intake.

TL;DR: There is no evidence that sodium reduction as achieved in these trials presents any safety hazards, and the blood pressure reduction that would result from a substantial lowering of dietary sodium in the US population could reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.

TL;DR: An advisory committee was convened to perform a critical review of the current medical literature evaluating the clinical use of nutrition support and to identify the issues that deserve further investigation.

TL;DR: The severity of malnutrition in patients with gastrointestinal disease and other internal diseases predicted the occurrence of complications during their hospital stay and this association was not completely explained by confounding factors.

TL;DR: High, long-term intake of zinc, magnesium, potassium, and fiber may be important to bone health, possibly because of their beneficial effect on acid-base balance.

TL;DR: It is concluded that anthelminthic therapy is an essential component of anemia control in schoolchildren in whom hookworms are endemic, and should be complemented with school-based iron supplementation.

TL;DR: Findings from the INTERSALT Study support the judgment that habitual high salt intake is one of the quantitatively important, preventable mass exposures causing the unfavorable population-wide blood pressure pattern that is a major risk factor for epidemic cardiovascular disease.

TL;DR: Bacterial adhesion to enterocytes, fecal colonization, or both seem to be valuable selection criteria for immunomodulation, and antiinfective mechanisms of defense can be enhanced after ingestion of specific lactic acid bacteria strains.

TL;DR: A repeated serum folic acid response is likely to be found in many women complying with the advice to take 400 micrograms folic Acid/d to prevent the occurrence of neural tube defects, particularly in consumers in nontargeted populations of large amounts of fortified foods.

TL;DR: When appropriate adjustments are made for effects of smoking and underlying disease, optimal weights are below average in both men and women; this appears to be true throughout the adult life span.

TL;DR: The high prevalence of lower wintertime calcidiol values may increase risk of bone loss in elderly men and women.

TL;DR: Associations between dietary intake and cognitive performance were examined in 260 elderly people aged 65-90 y who were free of significant cognitive impairment, indicating that intakes of different nutrients or the consumption of a more satisfactory global diet is associated with better cognitive function in the elderly.

TL;DR: Retrospective analyses of weight regain as a function of energy expended in physical activity indicated a threshold for weight maintenance of 47 kJ x kg body wt(-1) x d(-1).

TL;DR: Predictions indicated that compliance with current dietary recommendations will reduce plasma total and low-density-lipoprotein-cholesterol concentrations by approximately 5% compared with amounts associated with the average American diet.

TL;DR: A strong and evenly graded association was found between timing of puberty and BMI, with higher mean BMIs for the earlier maturers at ages 7-33 y, which suggests that although the prevention of childhood fatness may be desirable, most obese adults could not be identified from their childhood BMI, and hence, preventive strategies need to be population-based.

TL;DR: In elderly men there is higherLeucine extraction by the gut, liver, or both during feeding, which could lead to a lower peripheral availability of dietary leucine in the postabsorptive state.

TL;DR: The authors' data indicate that folate deficiency induces DNA strand breaks and hypomethylation within the p53 gene, and may be a means by which dietary folates deficiency enhances carcinogenesis.

TL;DR: It is concluded that both DHA and EPA decrease serum triacylglycerols, but have differential effects on lipoprotein and fatty acid metabolism in humans.

TL;DR: The prevalence of anemia and iron deficiency decreased markedly during the last trimester of pregnancy in the iron-supplemented group but remained constant in the placebo group, and three months after delivery, serum ferritin concentrations were significantly higher in infants of women in the Iron supplements group.

TL;DR: Although associations were relatively weak in this well-nourished and cognitively intact sample, the pattern of outcomes suggests some direction for further research on cognition-nutrition associations in aging.