Showing papers in "The American Journal of Medicine in 2000"

TL;DR: Redox regulation of gene expression by superoxide and other related oxidants and antioxidants is beginning to unfold as a vital mechanism in health and disease.

TL;DR: A large number of highly reactive microbicidal oxidants are formed, including HOCl (hypochlorous acid), which is produced by the myeloperoxidase-catalyzed oxidation of Cl(-) by H(2)O(2); OH(*) (hydroxyl radical); ONOO(-) (peroxynitrite), formed by the reaction between O(2)(-) and NO(*); and many others.

TL;DR: A 5-year, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study was conducted to determine whether salmon calcitonin nasal spray reduced the risk of new vertebral fractures in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis.

TL;DR: Adverse drug events are common and often preventable in nursing homes and Psychoactive medications and anticoagulants were the most common medications associated with preventable adverse drug events.

TL;DR: Outpatient training in patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease resulted in significant and clinically relevant changes in 6-minute walking distance, maximal exercise performance, peripheral and respiratory muscle strength, and quality of life.

TL;DR: Intensive communication was associated with a reduction in critical care use by patients who died and the intervention, which allowed dying patients earlier access to palliative care, was not associated with increased mortality.

TL;DR: A meta-analysis of published, English-language, randomized clinical trials on the use of antidepressants for the treatment of patients with functional gastrointestinal disorders was performed in this paper, and the summary odds ratio for improvement with antidepressant therapy was 4.2 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.3 to 7.9).

TL;DR: The modified Charlson Comorbidity Index predicts outcomes and costs in Dialysis patients and may be useful in determining appropriate payment for care of dialysis patients under capitated payment schemes and as a research tool to stratify dialysis Patients in order to compare the outcomes of various interventions.

TL;DR: There is strong support for ROS as mediators of the reversible ventricular dysfunction that often accompanies reperfusion of the ischemic myocardium and the therapeutic potential of free radical-directed drugs in cardiac disease has not been fully realized.

TL;DR: The bacterial load and species contribute to airway inflammation in patients with stable chronic bronchitis and the consequences of bacterial colonization on patient morbidity and decline in lung function are determined.

TL;DR: Evidence indicating that the inordinate or aberrant generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) may contribute to the initiation and maintenance of ATN is reviewed, and the possibility that ROS may participate in the recovery phase of ATn is raised.

TL;DR: Cilostazol was significantly better than pentoxifylline or placebo for increasing walking distances in patients with intermittent claudication, but was associated with a greater frequency of minor side effects.

TL;DR: The association between use of tricyclic antidepressants, but not SSRIs, with an increased risk of myocardial infarction in patients suggests that an earlier report that there was no difference in risk between the antidepressant classes, based on short-term studies, may not apply to long-term adverse cardiovascular outcomes.

TL;DR: Clinical trials have demonstrated potential benefits from treatment with the antioxidants, vitamin E, selegiline, extract of Gingko biloba, and idebenone, and further studies are warranted to confirm these findings and explore the optimum timing and antioxidant combination of such treatments in this therapeutically frustrating disease.

TL;DR: There is substantial morbidity associated with HIV disease in adults and the variability in health-related quality of life according to disease progression is relevant for health policy and allocation of resources, and merits the attention of clinicians who treat patients with HIV Disease.

TL;DR: The role of cNOS and iNOS in intestinal inflammation is discussed and an overview of peroxynitrite inestinal inflammation is provided, highlighting some of the controversy that exists.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined whether the size of the effusion, the presence of tamponade, and inflammatory signs are useful in determining the causes of moderate or severe pericardial effusions.

TL;DR: Thalidomide has long been used successfully in several other dermatologic disorders, including aphthous stomatitis, Behçet's syndrome, chronic cutaneous systemic lupus erythematosus, and graft-versus-host disease, the apparent shared characteristic of which is immune dysregulation.

TL;DR: It is proposed that right-sided heart failure, with resultant hepatic venous congestion, may predispose the liver to hepatic injury induced by a hypotensive event.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors compared chart abstraction with standardized-patient reports for four aspects of the encounter: taking the history, examining the patient, making the diagnosis, and prescribing appropriate treatment.

TL;DR: Physicians are commonly unaware that their patients have an indwelling urinary catheter, and system-wide interventions aimed at discontinuing unnecessary catheterization seem warranted.

TL;DR: The coexistence of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis with and without Cirrhosis and cryptogenic cirrhosis within these kindreds suggests a common pathogenesis and possible genetic risk.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors evaluated the effect of automated telephone assessment and self-care education calls with nurse follow-up on the management of diabetes and found that intervention patients reported more frequent glucose monitoring, foot inspection, and weight monitoring, and fewer problems with medication adherence (all P ≤ 0.03).

TL;DR: In this article, a double-blind investigation, 209 generally healthy adults with a serum low-density-lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol level of 160 mg/dL or higher were randomly assigned to 6-month treatment with lovastatin (20 mg) or placebo.

TL;DR: Age affects the performance of common diagnostic tests for pulmonary embolism and should be kept in mind when evaluating patients suspected of having this condition.

TL;DR: The association between orthostatic hypotension and recurrent falls was independent of measured demographic or clinical risk factors for falls and may be prudent to identify high-risk residents and institute precautionary measures.

TL;DR: The diameter of a patent foramen ovale is an independent risk factor for ischemic events, especially recurrent strokes.

TL;DR: The understanding of apoptosis in the nervous system is reviewed, concentrating on its possible roles in chronic neurodegenerative disorders.