Showing papers in "The Eugenics Review in 1960"

Human biochemical genetics

Abstract: So far in this course we have dealt entirely with the evolution of characters that are controlled by simple Mendelian inheritance at a single locus. There are notes on the course website about gametic disequilibrium and how allele frequencies change at two loci simultaneously, but we didn’t discuss them. In every example we’ve considered we’ve imagined that we could understand something about evolution by examining the evolution of a single gene. That’s the domain of classical population genetics. For the next few weeks we’re going to be exploring a field that’s actually older than classical population genetics, although the approach we’ll be taking to it involves the use of population genetic machinery. If you know a little about the history of evolutionary biology, you may know that after the rediscovery of Mendel’s work in 1900 there was a heated debate between the “biometricians” (e.g., Galton and Pearson) and the “Mendelians” (e.g., de Vries, Correns, Bateson, and Morgan). Biometricians asserted that the really important variation in evolution didn’t follow Mendelian rules. Height, weight, skin color, and similar traits seemed to

Growing up in Newcastle Upon Tyne

Abstract: Growing Up in Newcastle upon Tyne: a continuing study of health and illness in young children within their families. By F. J. W. MILLER, S. D. M. COURT, W. S. WALTON and E. G. KNOX. (Pp. 369; illustrated. 25s.) Published for the Nuffield Foundation by the Oxford University Press. 1960. The Newcastle study was initiated in 1947 by Sir James Spence and his co-workers of the Nuffield Department of Child Health at King's College and the City Health Department with the object of providing a record of the incidence and type of illness occurring in childhood evaluated against a fully studied family and environmental background. It is offered as 'a contribution towards understanding the needs of the family in sickness and in health' as a means of preventing childhood disturbances and illnesses with their associated morbidity and mortality. The study emphasizes throughout the child as an integral part of his family and environment. The first volume, 'A Thousand Families in Newcastle upon Tyne',* deals with the first year of life of the children in the sample. The new volume is a continuation of this work and presents the progress of 847 of the children from the same thousand family sample during the first five years of life between 1947 and 1952. The book describes the varying social and economic fortunes of the family seen against a background of life in the city and gives a general picture of the patterns of illnesses and deaths during the five years. These are subsequently described in detail and related to various aspects of the child's environment which have been fully considered in terms of housing, family and medical care. The importance of this approach can be seen in the conclusion that 'in infancy, at least, social factors largely determine whether a given infection will develop as a cold, bronchitis or pneumonia'. The significance of the family in the epidemiology of childhood illness is beautifully demonstrated in the family studies of entrenched staphylococcal and streptococcal infections. The analyses of recorded facts are well laid out in the Appendices and a short glossary of medical and local terms is provided. There are some excellent photographs which add to the clear descriptive pictures. The value of the book lies not only in its clear presentation of the natural history of childhood disease fully evaluated against its environmental and epidemiological background, but in its record of contemporary social life. The care and consideration with which the families have been treated in order to obtain these facts are evident throughout the book and are stressed by the attitude 'We hope that during these years we have been sufficiently sensitive to the privileges we have been so generously

The study of population, an inventory and appraisal

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Yours by choice. A guide to the adoption of children

Abstract: The symposium enjoyed having as its chairman P. B. Medawar, and its deliberations were mainly concerned with a close examination of observed facts and of hypotheses relating to some of the fundamental problems which must be solved before we can claim to have the slightest understanding of the phenomena that are observed, for example, during the homograft reaction and in secondary disease. This emphasis on the fundamental aspects of tissue transplantation is, at the present state of our knowledge, a right and proper one. However, at the same time, room has been found for the practical application of the lessons which are being learned from the experimental biologist. One of the most interesting contributions of this latter kind is that by Dr. Mathe, which includes very valuable information on the technique of bone-marrow grafting.

Issues in American social work

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An estimate of the future population of England and Wales.

Abstract: In 1944 the Royal Commission on Population was set up in order to determine the probable consequences of population trends then current. In order to do this they prepared a range of sixteen separate population projections for Great Britain based on various combinations of assumptions as to mortality, fertility (and marriage), and migration. The method used, in which each component of population change i.e. birth, death and migration receives separate treatment, is generally known as the component method. This distinguishes it from cruder methods based on the assumption that the total numbers in a population follow some mathematical formula. Since the Royal Commission reported, this method has continued to be used in preparing what may perhaps be described as the ‘official’ projections of the population of England and Wales.