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Showing papers in "The Journal of International Communication in 2016"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In the post-cold war world, the ideological glue that was the source of national unity and identity was no longer present in post-Cold War Russia as mentioned in this paper, and the Russian approach is defined by a top-down, centralized nature that emphasizes a nationalist message to its target audiences, leading to significant limitations on Russia's ability to persuade foreign publics and build new partnerships.
Abstract: As the Soviet Union fell, the ideological glue that was the source of national unity and identity was no longer present in post-Cold War Russia. Recently, however, Russia has made attempts to redefine itself in the post-Cold War world, establish a new national identity, and project it to the world. Russia's exercise of public diplomacy and soft power differ starkly from most Western countries, as the Russian approach is defined by a top-down, centralized nature that emphasizes a nationalist message to its target audiences. The Russian approach has been marked by a tendency to locate and mobilize sympathetic Russian diaspora populations, but an aversion to building networks among those who do not presently share Russia's foreign policy goals. This approach has led to significant limitations on Russia's ability to persuade foreign publics and build new partnerships. Such tendencies are especially evident through an examination of Russia's public diplomacy in Ukraine, where attempts are made to mobil...

26 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors argue that the Islamic worldview offers a modern journalism ethical model that both protects and limits universal pluralism in a multi-cultural society, and therefore, establishes universal values that human beings share without transcending local cultures.
Abstract: There seems to be an internationally shared consensus that search for a universal journalism ethic has often ended with the attempt to import traditional and underlying Western free-press values, such as objectivity and an adversarial platform forged in Enlightenment philosophy. There is also a universally shared consensus on the dilemma of how to invent a universal journalism ethical framework that sustains the universal solidarity of human being and recognises cultural, religious and ideological differences. The central argument of this article is that the Islamic worldview offers a modern journalism ethical model that both protects and limits universal pluralism in a multi-cultural society. It favours pluralism to the extent that it does not threaten unity of the universe or create the state of anarchy. It, therefore, establishes universal values that human beings share without transcending local cultures. The suggested model is based on four guiding principles: respecting pluralism and cultura...

22 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This paper investigated how US and South Korean newspapers framed the North Korean nuclear test on 9 October 2006 and the diversity of news sources in constructing such frames, and found that news sources used news sources differently to support certain frames of the nuclear test coverage.
Abstract: This study investigated how US and South Korean newspapers framed the North Korean nuclear test on 9 October 2006 and the diversity of news sources in constructing such frames. A content analysis of news articles in the New York Times, Washington Post, Chosun Ilbo, and Hankyore Daily found that US and South Korean newspapers framed the North Korean nuclear test differently. Results also showed that US and South Korean newspapers used news sources differently to support certain frames of the nuclear test coverage, implicating strategic media framing by which news media strategically construct aspects or meaning of the events by selecting different types of news sources. Findings are discussed in relation to news frames and news sources.

17 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This article found that nationalized qualities across four factors (patriotism, nationalism, smugness, and internationalism) varied little over time, with structural equation modeling indicating that these four qualities did have an effect on both fan involvement and the amount of Olympic media consumption.
Abstract: A total of 1025 respondents from the USA and Germany were asked questions about Olympic media consumption, fan involvement, and nationalized feelings over four data collection points before, during, and after the 2014 Sochi Winter Olympic Games. Nationalized qualities across four factors (patriotism, nationalism, smugness, and internationalism) varied little over time, with structural equation modeling indicating that these four qualities did have an effect on both fan involvement and the amount of Olympic media consumption. Models for the USA and Germany were also markedly different. Self-categorization theory is utilized as a lens for further understanding of the results.

17 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors analyzed the editorial treatment of Taliban in the elite English press of India and Pakistan during January 2008 to December 2009, and analyzed the relationship between elite press and the governments of the neighbouring countries of Afghanistan.
Abstract: We analysed the editorial treatment of Taliban in the elite English press of India and Pakistan during January 2008 to December 2009. The study critically evaluated the relationship between elite press and the governments of the neighbouring countries of Afghanistan, and discussed how media framed Taliban in the context of foreign policies of the South Asian neighbours having important stakes in the conflict-ravaged Afghanistan. The central focus of the study was the stated foreign policy positions of India and Pakistan on Taliban factor in Afghanistan and the approach used by the elite press of these countries in responding to the initiatives of foreign office. We employed qualitative content analysis to analyse editorials of two English newspapers (The Hindu and Dawn), which helped us examine framing of the foreign policy initiatives of India and Pakistan. We found that the elite English newspapers followed the official foreign policy of India and Pakistan while covering war in Afghanistan and T...

15 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors explore the capacity of small private enterprises to empower farming communities through a dialogical model of communication, arguing that market exchanges are mediated by social relations that can bring to light an alternative and ethical side of the global market.
Abstract: As sustainability is becoming a bigger global concern, sustainable development operations require new partnerships and a multiplicity of communication practices among various stakeholders. Private enterprises with social, ecological and ethical concerns can be among those stakeholders, but their role in development communication has received limited attention. To address this deficit, this article explores the capacity of small private enterprises to empower farming communities, through a dialogical model of communication. Focusing on alternative food networks, the article argues that market exchanges are mediated by social relations that can bring to light an alternative and ethical side of the global market. These relations are examined empirically through a qualitative case study: a community of farmers in South India and their relation with small private enterprises from Europe and North America. The findings reveal significant ways in which these partnerships can prove empowering for farmers,...

15 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Results show that newspapers mainly frame SNS in matters of users’ informational self-determination and that they predominantly present SNS as a threat to this value.
Abstract: In this study, we examined the portrayal of privacy and data protection on social network sites (SNS) in German media. As a widely used social web application, SNS arouse a considerable amount of media attention. By means of a value-framing analysis, the present study investigated how German media frame privacy and data protection on SNS. In a first step, the three value frames informational self-determination, security and psychosocial need satisfaction were identified through a qualitative framing analysis of online media. In a second step, we conducted a standardized content analysis of four preselected German newspapers to quantify the previously identified frames. Results show that newspapers mainly frame SNS in matters of users’ informational self-determination and that they predominantly present SNS as a threat to this value.

12 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors analyzed how mass demonstrations can be used for nation-building purposes and showed how, in this digital and discorporate era, the occupation of the streets by large numbers of people is still a powerful strategic communication tool with strong political implications.
Abstract: ABSTARCTThis article analyses how mass demonstrations can be used for nation-building purposes. In particular, it shows how, in this digital and discorporate era, the occupation of the streets by large numbers of people is still a powerful strategic communication tool with strong political implications. It reveals how traditional propaganda, mass media campaigns and grassroots lobbying organisations can work together with great effectiveness to effect political change. The Catalan case, which concerns the claim by the regional Catalan government of a referendum for independence, shows how the occupation of the streets by citizens can still be highly relevant for political change.

11 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors use a number of mainland China case studies from 2009 to 2013 to investigate specific social and political conditions that both enable and limit the power of the Internet in an authoritarian society.
Abstract: This article uses a number of mainland China case studies from 2009 to 2013 to investigate specific social and political conditions that both enable and limit the power of the Internet in an authoritarian society. Drawing on German scholar Jurgen Habermas’ thesis of the public sphere, we argue that the digital revolution has the potential to create a kind of ‘virtual public sphere’, a realm relatively independent of both the state and dominant corporate economic institutions. However, the full exploration of the democratic function of this virtual public sphere depends upon its interplay with the real world and is conditioned by actual political and social structures. Therefore, this virtual sphere is a battleground upon which both the state and online democratic forces negotiate power and strive for the control of discourse.

8 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the case of an Indian diplomat's prosecution by the US government for visa fraud was analysed and the arguments and the counterarguments of each side were examined to understand the underlying cultural concerns.
Abstract: Diplomatic negotiations between countries involve complex multi-dimensional processes. Negotiators are often locked into bargaining mode by strictly adhering to their list of demands. Often times, these demands involve mutually exclusive positions and pit countries in a win–lose contest. It is however important to keep in mind that policies and priorities for a nation, even in diplomatic stand-off situations, are often reflections of its societal culture. To illustrate this point, the case of an Indian diplomat's prosecution by the US government for visa fraud was analysed and the arguments and the counter-arguments of each side were examined to understand the underlying cultural concerns. The study found that differences in value dimensions such as individualism–collectivism and power distance influenced expectations of the negotiating nations and explained the stands taken by India and the USA. This study demonstrates the need to and value in understanding the underlying value orientations that ...

6 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a study of media practitioners in Qatar in terms of educational background, working conditions, and professional orientations was conducted, which revealed that 90% of the journalists in Qatar are expatriates from Arab and Asian countries, 34% of them are female, 68.8% hold a bachelor's degree, and 74.4% find it difficult to investigate corruption.
Abstract: This study draws a portrait of media practitioners in Qatar in terms of educational background, working conditions, and professional orientations. The main research tool of this study is the survey method. An 88-item questionnaire was administered to journalists. The study covered the daily press (both Arabic and English), the radio and television networks, and the national news agency – QANA. The sample of the study consisted of 125 journalists from all the news organisations in the country. Findings of the study suggest that 90% of the journalists in Qatar are expatriates from Arab and Asian countries, 34% of them are female, 68.8% of them hold a bachelor's degree. Over three-fourths of the surveyed journalists were satisfied with their job and working conditions, however; 74.4% said it is very difficult to investigate corruption. Journalists in Qatar believe strongly that the media are very influential in shaping and forming public opinion. Findings from the interviews revealed that journalists...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined factors that influence the consumption of American television programmes among young Croatians, by conducting a paper and pencil survey (N = 1.487).
Abstract: This study examined factors that influence the consumption of American television programmes among young Croatians, by conducting a paper and pencil survey (N = 487). The results indicate that young Croatians are avid consumers of American dramas and sitcoms, and that a set of cultural capital variables is a significant predictor of the consumption of American TV. Knowledge of English language, of US lifestyle, consumption of American movies and American press all had a significant unique contribution to the model.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This article explored the role of Facebook, Plurk, and YouTube in the two-step and N-step flows of communication models during the 2012 Taiwanese presidential election, and the possible effect on political efficacy caused by usage of the above online platforms.
Abstract: This study tried to explore the role of Facebook, Plurk, and YouTube in the two-step and N-step flows of communication models during the 2012 Taiwanese presidential election, and the possible effect on political efficacy caused by usage of the above online platforms. The results showed that higher frequency of online search for campaign information correlated to greater inclination to discuss related issues on Facebook and Plurk; and higher frequency of viewing political videos on YouTube correlated to more sharing behaviour. This validated the existence of the two-step flow of campaign communication online. The hypothesis of the N-step theory was also confirmed as forwarding behaviour among voters was found to be positively correlated to frequency of discussion on Facebook and Plurk. Moreover, Facebook, Plurk, and YouTube usage was demonstrated to have a significant positive effect on political efficacy.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The authors examined how two prominent Pakistani newspapers framed the US Navy Seals killing of Osama bin Laden and found that the newspapers blamed the Pakistani government for its security laxity during the invasion that killed bin Laden, but not on condemning the USA for the breach of Pakistan's national sovereignty in the process of assassinating al-Qaeda leader.
Abstract: This study examined how two prominent Pakistani newspapers framed the US Navy Seals killing of Osama bin Laden. Framing and content analysis were used as theoretical and methodological tools, respectively. Only in-house editorials were analysed. Results show the newspapers blaming the Pakistani government for its security laxity during the invasion that killed Osama bin Laden. Results also focused on the ruptured diplomatic ties between the USA and Pakistan, but not on condemning the USA for the breach of Pakistan's national sovereignty in the process of assassinating the al-Qaeda leader.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors analyse how the management of happiness, common good and cooperative work in the communication strategies of Coca-Cola is representative of transformations within the corporate culture, in their conception of sustainability, inserted in the spirit of the time related to affective capitalism.
Abstract: In this article, we aim to understand how the management of happiness, common good and cooperative work in the communication strategies of Coca-Cola is representative of transformations within the corporate’s culture, in their conception of sustainability, inserted in the spirit of the time related to affective capitalism. We analyse discourses – based on critical discourse analysis – that build the rhetoric of consumption of the brand, through commercials of the ‘Coca-Cola every bottle has a story’ global campaign. The imagery that results from Coca-Cola’s rhetoric in this path is based on the salvation by works, of a leadership position for a new world, guided by entrepreneurial autonomy, happiness, common good and cooperative work.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the usefulness of public diplomacy approaches in the current post-conflict situation in Sri Lanka has been discussed and pointed out, given that currently there is little k...
Abstract: Perceptive observers have called attention to the usefulness of public diplomacy (PD) approaches in the current post-conflict situation in Sri Lanka. However, given that currently there is little k...