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Showing papers in "The Journal of Nuclear Medicine in 1972"


Journal Article
TL;DR: In this article, an improved method for the preparation of HSA microspheres with an average diameter of 0.5-0.7 microns and narrow particle-size range, suitable for the study of the RES, has been described.
Abstract: Summary An improved method for the preparation of HSA microspheres with an average diameter of 0.5–0.7 microns and narrow particle-size range, suitable for the study of the RES, has been described. No toxic effects towards the new drug were observed in animals. Nonradioactive HSA spheres could be stored for more than 10 months. Labeling of the spheres with 99mTc was carried out under sterile conditions immediately before use. The tagging efficiency was 65–83%, and the labeled product was stable for up to 20 hr. When injected intravenously, about 90% of the 99mTc microspheres were extracted by the liver. Blood clearance studies in dogs showed small variability in day-to-day preparations. The advantage of this new drug over the widely used 99mTc-sulfur-colloid is that it can be used for the assessment of RES functions in addition to scanning the distribution of the RES.

206 citations


Journal Article
TL;DR: 99mTc-DTPA, rapidly prepared by a kit method, is a useful addition to the list of radiopharmaceuticals that can be used for measurement of GFR.
Abstract: Summary The usefulness of 99mTc-DTPA as an agent for measuring glomerular filtration rate was evaluated in five dogs and 11 human patients. In dogs, using a constant infusion technique, no change in 99mTc-DTPA clearance was found at different urine flow rates or following tubular blockade with probenecid. In the patients clearance of 99mTc-DTPA was 8% lower than that of 125I-iothalamate as determined by single-injection technique. The two compounds, however, had similar rates of plasma disappearance and urinary excretion. Thus 99mTc-DTPA, rapidly prepared by a kit method, is a useful addition to the list of radiopharmaceuticals that can be used for measurement of GFR.

175 citations



Journal Article
TL;DR: In this article, a radioisotope angiocardiography using the scintillation camera and a quantitative television data system for rapid data recording and readout is described.
Abstract: Summary A method for radioisotope angiocardiography using the scintillation camera and a quantitative television data system for rapid data recording and readout is described. This essentially noninvasive, risk-free, outpatient procedure, which can be repeated at frequent intervals, shows promise of being a significant supplement to conventional x-ray angiocardiography. By precise area-of-interest masking and the use of fast-response counting-rate recording, a stroke-by-stroke reading of the left ventricular ejection fraction is obtained. Cardiac output is determined from the same record. In the absence of valvular insufficiency, end-diastolic volume is computed from these numbers. Comparison of this value with end-diastolic volume determined from area of measurements of the pictures provides an estimate of the degree of regurgitation when present. Direct comparison of this technique with standard contrast angiocardiography has been made in 16 patients with confirmatory results which are presented. Clinical application has already demonstrated the ability of isotope cardiography to provide a large amount of information not obtainable by other simple techniques. It is likely that this method will also prove useful in situations requiring serial study such as the management of intensive-care cardiac patients.

141 citations


Journal Article
TL;DR: In this article, a series of patients analyzed according to histological classifications showed no dependence of 67Ga accumulation on the morphological type of tumor and the highest percent of positives were found in patients with bronchial cancer, thyroid cancer, gastric cancer, malignant melanoma, and metastases of unknown primary tumors as well as in Hodgkin9s disease.
Abstract: Summary Gallium-67-citrate was administered to 246 patients. The highest percent of positives was found in patients with bronchial carcinoma, thyroid carcinoma, gastric carcinoma, malignant melanoma, and metastases of unknown primary tumors as well as in Hodgkin9s disease. The series of patients analyzed according to histological classifications showed no dependence of 67Ga accumulation on the morphological type of tumor. Without the use of laxative and enemas the demonstration of 67Ga accumulation in abdominal tumors is complicated by the physiological accumulation in the intestines. The study of the 67Ga accumulation in untreated and treated patients was not conclusive. In 39 patients with nonmalignant disease 67Ga accumulation in the lesion was found in 11, comprising four patients with recent sarcoidosis and one patient with primary tuberculosis. According to biological investigations and measurements of the whole-body retention, the total-body dose normally amounts to 250 mrad/mCi 67Ga.

139 citations



Journal Article
TL;DR: The synthesis and quality control of 1-hydroxy-ethy!idene-1, 1-diphosphonic acid (HEDPHA), and the formulation andquality control of oomTc@HEDSPA are described.
Abstract: Structure The radionuclide 99mTchas nearly ideal physical characteristics for imaging and is presently being used as a label for numerous radiopharmaceuticals. Consequently, most of the major organ systems have been studied with the aid of this radionuclide. One of the most recent to be considered is the skeletal system as reported by Subramanian and coworkers who labeled inorganic polyphosphates with oDmTc and observed satisfactory bone images (1,2). Our laboratory is presently investigating several organo-phosphorus compounds which also show promise as satisfactory bone imaging agents after tag ging with 99mTc One such compound which currently shows the most promise is a phosphonate derivative with the chemical name 1-hydroxy-ethylidene-1, 1-disodium phosphonate (HEDSPA) . Phosphonates are compounds containing a carbon-to-phosphate bond, and diphosphonates are compounds containing a carbon-to-disphosphate bond (3) . The structures of several inorganic and organic phosphorus corn pounds are shown in Table 1. Phosphonates have been used both in industry and in medicine : for example, as additives to deter gent tablets (4) , as scale and corrosion inhibitors (5), and as antioxidants (6). In 1966 several phos phonates were found to significantly inhibit bone resorption in vivo (7) , and three years later Fleisch and coworkers reported diphosphonates to inhibit the dissolution and crystal growth of hydroxyapatite (8) . More recently, diphosphonates have shown promise in the clinic for the treatment of myositis ossificans progressiva (9,10) , Paget's disease (11), and calcinosis universalis (12). This paper describes the synthesis and quality control of 1-hydroxy-ethy!idene-1 , 1-diphosphonic acid (HEDPHA), and the formulation and quality control of oomTc@HEDSPA.

111 citations


Journal Article
TL;DR: During the later stages of the clinical investi gation of T2Ga, studies with °7Gaessentially free of gallium revealed that the amount of stable gallium administered had a profound effect on the tissue distribution in rats, so the autopsy data published in 1953 on T2Gain humans may not be applicable to the present use.

106 citations




Journal Article
TL;DR: The syndrome of exophthalmic goiter with incidental functioning nodule(s) was accepted as a distinct subdivision of Graves' disease, and it is now classified in the most recent schema of the American Thyroid Association.
Abstract: Summary Ten hyperthyroid patients with functioning thyroid nodules were studied in whom Plummer9s disease (autonomous nodular goiter) had been excluded by failure of TSH to stimulate suppressed extranodular tissue. The responses of the nodules and the extra nodular tissue to TSH administration were significantly different from those seen in Plummer9s disease and were consistent with the responses noted in patients with Graves9 disease. It was concluded that these patients had Graves9 disease with incidental functioning nodules. In three of six treated patients, the nodules were relatively resistant to 131I therapy, as judged by dose requirement, post-treatment scintigrams, and measurements of nuclear polyploidy. Subtotal thyroidectomy may therefore be the treatment of choice in this syndrome. The frequency of occurrence of incidental functioning nodules was found to be 2.7% of 375 patients with Graves9 disease referred to us for testing. In recognition of the investigators who first described this entity biochemically, it is proposed that Graves9 disease with incidental functioning nodules be called the Marine Lenhart syndrome.


Journal Article
TL;DR: In this paper, excellent skeletal images have been obtained with 99mTc-EHDP in animals, which has the advantage of a more rapid blood clearance, and relatively lower soft tissue concentrations.
Abstract: Summary Excellent skeletal images have been obtained with 99mTc-EHDP in animals. Its skeletal concentration is comparable to 99mTc polyphosphates. It has the advantage of a more rapid blood clearance, and relatively lower soft tissue concentrations. However, it is apparently not biodegradable. More information must be obtained about its intravenous toxicity and biological fate before it can be considered for trial in humans. It is likely that other diphosphonates like MDP, Cl2MDP, and EHDP condensate, labeled with 99mTc, will also exhibit good skeletal localization. Further work along these lines is in progress.






Journal Article
TL;DR: It is concluded that the pattern-reading methodology may inherently preclude further uncompensated improvement in a single aspect of clinical performance and suggests that development of disease specific radiopharmaceutical agents merits high priority in research planning.
Abstract: Summary The results of 650 liver scintiscans performed in a university teaching hospital have been analyzed with the aim of relating scintigraphic appearance to clinicopathological disease in the context of diagnostic management. Hepatic scintigraphy detected the presence of parenchymal, focal, or infiltrative disease with 90% accuracy. The various possible scintigraphic abnormalities, while by no means histologically diagnostic, occurred with probabilities distinctive for each disease category. Analysis of these data and the sources of erroneous interpretations in the light of signal detection theory leads to the conclusion that the pattern-reading methodology may inherently preclude further uncompensated improvement in a single aspect of clinical performance. This conclusion is supported by accuracy data already on record and it suggests that development of disease specific radiopharmaceutical agents merits high priority in research planning.


Journal Article
TL;DR: Paediatric age groups present a diagnostic problem of a functional heart murmur versus congenital heart disease, or, in the nursery age group, primary pul monary disease versus congenitals heart disease.
Abstract: pediatric age groups present a diagnostic problem of a functional heart murmur versus congenital heart disease, or, in the nursery age group, primary pul monary disease versus congenital heart disease. Often the correct diagnosis is made only at cardiac cathe terization. In 1962 Folse and Braunwald (1 ) de scribed a simple technique to evaluate patients suspected of having a left-to-right shunt. They ob tamed pulmonary vascular radionuclide dilution curves following an intravenous injection (femoral vein) of 1311-labeled Diodrast. Their method con sisted of placing a flat-field scintillation detector over a peripheral lung field and using a ratemeter to record the appearance and disappearance of the radionuclide beneath the probe. The resulting pul monary dilution curves represented the time-concen

Journal Article
TL;DR: Variation in the TBG con centration was achieved by diluting serum with high TBG capacity obtained from a patient with severe myxedema taking high doses of estrogens, with serum fromA patient (MiP) with congenital TBG deficiency (7).

Journal Article
TL;DR: S of WORKS IN PROGRESS PAPERS as mentioned in this paper is a collection of works in progress in progressprinting, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1995, 1996
Abstract: S OF WORKS IN PROGRESS PAPERS . 780

Journal Article
TL;DR: The fundamental principles of holography were first set forth by Gabor in 1948 and this technique has now been applied to imaging gamma-ray sources at the suggestion of Barrett.
Abstract: The fundamental principles of holography were first set forth by Gabor in 1948 (7). Rogers de scribed the hologram in terms of a generalized Fresnel zone plate in 1950 (2). In 1961, Mertz and Young realized that a Fresnel zone plate could be used to construct a hologram using incoherent radiation (3). They applied the principle to imaging x-ray stars. This technique has now been applied to imaging gamma-ray sources at the suggestion of Barrett (4). The properties of a Fresnel zone plate are de scribed in almost any elementary optical textbook (5). A zone plate pattern consists of alternating opaque and transparent rings whose bounding radii are in the ratio of the square roots of successive whole numbers. It behaves as a lens with the principal focal length given by




Journal Article
TL;DR: Iodine123 fulfills the criteria for an ideal gamma-emitting radionuclide for in situ and in vivo diagnostic procedures more closely than any other isotope of iodine.
Abstract: method of the production and preparation of 1231 iodination reagents, specifically 12@ICland 12@ICl2, in which the iodination reagent has @99.8%radio chemical purity as 1231 (the only radioimpurity is 12@I). The reagent may be obtained carrier-free in nonaqueous or aqueous media. Iodine123 fulfills the criteria for an ideal gamma-emitting radionuclide for in situ and in vivo diagnostic procedures more closely than any other isotope of iodine (1—3). Iodine123 is desirable for nuclear medicine appli cations because the 13. 1-hr half-lived isotope decays principally by electron capture emitting a 159-keV photon. This energy radiation is optimum for tis sue penetration and for detection on high-resolu tion counting equipment. The radiation exposure from equal amounts of 12:q will not exceed a few percent of that delivered in 1311clinical applications and diagnostic examinations. Further by using 123J, a radiopharmaceutical may be administered at fre quent intervals. Undesirable negatron decay is absent in decay of