Showing papers in "The Journal of social sciences and humanities in 2019"

Cycle of Fear in Learning: The Case for Three Language Skills

Abstract: Fear or anxiety in learning is a vicious cycle. A reaction at one stage may lead to consequences at another stage. The fear of learning sometimes gives negative impact on a learner’s future learning encounters. The feeling of fear may hinder further learning experience possibilities. Studies on language learning have revealed that the fear of learning language skills influences learners’ perception of language skills. This paper presents the cycle of fear in language learning from the perspectives of speaking, reading and writing skills. Past studies in fear of readings reveal that learners’ choice of language strategies and their perception of reading difficulties influence their reading skill. Past research on writing found that fear of writing stems from the learners’ perception, the writing task and also the environment. Fear of oral presentation is caused by trait and state apprehension. The concept of fear of language learning can be summarized from common fears found in all the three past studies on language skills.

Social Studies Curriculum and Cooperation among Preschool Learners in Nairobi County, Kenya: Addressing Effectiveness of Instructional Methods

Abstract: Effective utilization of instructional methods in social studies curriculum nurtures the foundation for developing cooperation among preschool learners for sustained coexistence in society. Appropriate adoption of instructional methods assists in managing behavior dispositions for constructive societal relationships. Adoption of appropriate instructional methods diminishes and averts disruptive behavior and supports problem solving skills which in turn form the basis for cooperative character among learners. However, the mismatch between content learnt in class and behavior dispositions exhibited in society seems to originate from instructional methods employed by preschool teachers in social studies curriculum implementation. This study examined effectiveness of role play, storytelling and discussion methods in enhancing cooperation among pre-primary learners in Nairobi County, Kenya. Anchored on ecological systems theory, this study was informed by evaluation research model using both quantitative and qualitative interpretative paradigms. The target population was 98 pre-preschool teachers purposely sampled from 211 preschools. Questionnaire for pre-primary teachers were used as the main data collection instruments. Quantitative data was summarized and organized according to research questions and arranged into themes for analysis. The findings indicated that storytelling was the most effective instructional methods in enhancing cooperation followed closely by discussion and lastly role play. The study recommends that schools should support value based education through effective utilization of instructional methods for learners to develop cooperation for societal cohesiveness.

Peri-urban informal land market and its implication on land use planning in Gondar city of Ethiopia

Abstract: In recent times, peri-urban land use planning is challenging in contemporary urbanization in sub-Saharan Africa in general and in Ethiopia in particular. This study analyzes peri-urban informal land market and tenure security status and its implications in peri-urban land use planning around Gondar city of Ethiopia. It uses primary data collected through household survey, field observation and key informant interviews, which are complemented by secondary data from national legal and policy documents, and regional and city administration reports. The analysis utilizes descriptive statistics and chi-square test. The result showed that a plot acquisition from peri-urban areas passes through its own stages, which mainly start to identify a plot for sale, and ends with the confirmation of letter of agreement signed by transacting parties without legal ground to do so. It also indicated the main actors (land brokers, local peri-urban landholders, social and religious relations) in the peri-urban informal land market, traditional social institutions (Idir, equb etc) played a significant role in processing peri-urban informal settlements, and stabilizing land related conflicts by social sanctions.

Role of social media in promoting tourism in pakistan

Abstract: Tourism has emerged as the fastest growing industry and source of foreign exchange all across the world. Many countries owe major part of their annual earning and wealth to tourism. Pakistan is amongst the best tourism destination in the world. The main attractions for international travelers are usually, mountains, snow, desserts, beaches, plains, rivers, forests, cliffs, scenic beauty, historical places and cultural diversity. Pakistan is blessed with all of the said attractions. Up until now Pakistan had faced two major impediments towards becoming the top tourist destination, first it was not properly showcased in-front of the world and secondly in the recent past the security conditions were not suitable for international visitors. Today, it is high time for the Pakistan to become the top priority for tourists from all across the world. In this regard Social Media can play the best role possible. Various social media platforms are full of pictures and stories of people describing their experiences about the places they had been to. Secondly the governmental organizations also launch various social media office profile to show case the destinations. In this research the need of social media for the promotion of tourism in Pakistan has been focused.

A strategic vision of pakistan’s internal security dynamics

Abstract: Present era can be categorized due to its speed of changes. Pakistani society got affected by worst kind of terrorism and extremism in last fifteen years. The root causes of prevailing security environment in Pakistan are multifaceted, complex and are derived from structural, as well as micro-level conditions. Objective of this research is to highlight the gaps in security doctrine of Pakistan. Both qualitative and quantitative methodology in the format of Knowledge Attitude and Practice (KAP study) is selected. Primary question of this research was to find the gaps in national internal security policy of Pakistan. This primary question is further sub divided into ten sub questions. Implementation modalities and the impediments of National Internal Security Policy (NISP) 2014 are also discussed. This research finds out that national internal security policy 2014 was a vibrant document and right step in the domain of policy formulation but demanded non-pragmatic results from security operators. Majority of its drawbacks are removed in in its later version of 2018-23. Survey and questionnaire based analysis is also made part of this article along with recommendations as submitted by respondents.

Problems with Rhetorical Problems among Academic Writers

Abstract: Past studies have reported varying reasons for difficulties in academic writing. There have been reported studies revealing academic writing problems stem from lack of background knowledge in the content area. Some studies reported that some writer have to deal with their fear of writing. One of the major problems in writing is not lack of linguistic competence of the writer. The source of difficulty is the lack of competence in composing. Recall the way we were taught writing- we spent much time thinking of “what” to write” but when it comes to the process of writing, we are alone. This qualitative study looks into the problems that writers face in their composing process. Three writers comprising of one undergraduate, one postgraduate (masters) and one postgraduate (doctorate) were asked about what their writing problems were. Data will be coded into specific categories to reveal different categories of difficulty faced by these writers. Findings bear interesting pedagogical implications to both teachers of writing and writers.

Effect of Collaborative Concept Mapping Instructional Strategy on Secondary Students’ Achievement in Difficult Biology Concepts

Abstract: This study investigated the Effects of Collaborative Concept Mapping Instructional Strategy (CCMIS) on the Achievement of Senior Secondary Two (SS2) Students in Perceived Difficult Biology Concepts. The aim of the study was to identify the biology concepts students perceived as difficult and to determine the effects of CCMIS on the mean achievement scores of students in the perceived difficult biology concepts. The study was guided by four research questions and three hypotheses. The study adopted a non-randomized Pretest- Posttest Quasi-experimental design. The sample was 276 SS2 biology students selected from six schools from the three education zones in Taraba State using a multi-stage sampling technique. Intact classes were assigned to the experimental and control groups. Data were generated using Perceived Difficult Biology Concepts Inventory (PDBCI) with a Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of 0.76 and Biology Achievement Test (BAT) with KR20 of 0.87. Mean and standard deviation were used to answer the research questions while Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) was used to test the hypotheses at 0.05 alpha level of significance. The findings revealed that students exposed to CCMIS attained significantly higher mean achievement scores in BAT than those exposed to Conventional Teaching Strategy (F=60.73, p=0.00). In addition, male and female students taught using CCMIS did not differ significantly in achievement (F=0.35, p=0.56). Based on these findings, the study recommended among others that biology teachers should use CCMIS to teach students in perceived difficult biology concepts.

The Influence of Enterprise Risk Management on Firm Performance Measured by the Balanced Scorecard: Evidence from SMEs in Southern Thailand

Abstract: Even though enterprise risk management (ERM) has been extensively studied in recent years, the influence of ERM on firm performance in small and medium enterprises (SMEs) and its benefits to them has been little studied in emerging countries. Therefore, the main objectives of the study reported were to (1) investigate the extent and level of ERM among SMEs in southern Thailand, and (2) test for the influence of ERM on firm performance measured by the balanced scorecard (BSC) of SMEs. Using a mailed questionnaire, a sample of 385 (out of 394) SMEs from southern Thailand were analyzed. Descriptive analysis, a correlation matrix, and multiple regression were used to analyze the data obtained. From the results, the most common element of ERM employed was information and communication followed by control activities, monitoring, risk response, internal environment, event identification, objective setting, and risk assessment. Moreover, objective setting, risk assessment, control activities, and monitoring were found to significantly and positively influence SMEs’ performance measured by BSC while event identification had a negative influence on SMEs’ performance. The study demonstrates that SMEs in developing countries can benefit from the adoption of ERM in the same way as large firms in developed countries.

Korean Vocabulary Learning Strategies of University Students in Thailand

Abstract: This research aims to investigate trends in the use of Korean language vocabulary learning strategies by Thai students and the relationship between students’ use of vocabulary learning strategies and their specific characteristics. Participants comprised Thai students currently studying the Korean language. Data were collected through a questionnaire, examined for reliability, and then analyzed. The first step in data analysis was to explore trends in the students’ use of vocabulary learning strategies, which could be categorized into two types, namely vocabulary discovery strategies and vocabulary consolidation strategies. A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted using SPSS 24 in order to determine statistically significant differences between the two types of strategy as well as the frequencies of use of each strategy. Next, correlation analysis was performed via SPSS 24 to assess the relationship between the students’ Korean language vocabulary learning strategies and their specific characteristics (i.e. gender, age, level of Korean language proficiency, experience in residing in Korea, length of Korean language study, experience in traveling/undertaking training in Korea, and state of being of Korean descent). From the analysis, it has been discovered that Thai students employed both discovery and consolidation strategies concurrently, yet consolidation strategies were used more frequently than the other. The most frequently used strategy was “If [I] cannot think of certain words when speaking or writing in Korean, [I] refer to the Internet or ASR: CMU Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (2018) Vol. 5 No.1 81 a dictionary”. Besides, statistical significance has been found in the relationship between vocabulary learning strategies and Korean language proficiency, while consolidation strategies were observed to correlate with the students’ gender. The findings of this research would therefore enable teachers to recognize crucial elements of Korean vocabulary pedagogy, also allowing them to adjust their teaching so as to correspond with students’ different levels of language proficiency.

The Impact of Human Capital on Economic Growth: Evidence from Selected Asian Countries

Abstract: The aim of this paper is to find out the role of human capital in economic growth of selected Asian countries namely Pakistan, India, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka. It is based on time series data for the period 19712013. Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) and Cointegration have been used as analytical techniques for this purpose. The results obtained through Ordinary least Squares show that human capital in form of education affects economic growth in all selected countries except India. The relationship is positive and statistically significant. Moreover, physical capital is another significant determinant of economic growth in the study area. When education is replaced by health as human capital, the OLS results demonstrate a little change showing human capital a significant determinant of economic growth but physical capital in case of India becomes insignificant. In order to avoid the doubt of spurious regression, stationarity was checked by using the Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) test and long-run relationship was analyzed by conducting Johansen Cointegration Test. The Cointegration test results confirmed the existence of long run relationship in human capital (education) and economic growth in Pakistan and Bangladesh. Moreover, there is long run association between human capital in form of health and economic growth in Pakistan, India and Bangladesh. It is therefore concluded that human capital in form of health and education is an important determinant of GDP per capita in most of selected countries. It is, therefore suggested to focus on health and education to reap the economies of sustained economic growth.

ASUU Strike and Nigerian Educational System: An Empirical Investigation of the Nigerian Tertiary Institution

Abstract: Education is the panacea that liberates an individual from slavery while the university is the brain box of a nation. As such, this study set out to examine the extent to which academic staff union of the university (ASUU) strikes influences tertiary educational system in Nigeria. The study adopts the descriptive research design where questionnaires were distributed to 600 students of the four target universities in Rivers and Ekiti state. Student performance, quality of education and permanent solution to education problems were measures of the Nigerian educational system while ASUU strike remains the dimension. Findings from the study reveal that quality of education and student performance is negatively influenced by incessant ASUU strike such that increase in ASUU strike is capable of decreasing student performance in the Nigerian universities. The study thus concludes that incessant strike actions culminate into the erosion of academic quality, robbing off academic time from school administrators and upon resuming from a strike, academic work is bound to the rushed. As such, this study recommends that universities monitoring committee should be formulated whose responsibility will be to liaise with the union on the recent challenges the universities are facing and relate back to the government for quick action. This will further help in reducing the incessant industrial action of ASUU and thus boost the education system in Nigeria.

Trends in Illicit Drug Trafficking in Nigeria: Highlighting the Imperative of Raising the Red Flag

Abstract: Drug trafficking has assumed a frightening dimension and poses a serious threat to human and national security. One of the major challenge facing Nigeria as a country is the problem of illicit drug trafficking and consumption. Hard drugs such as cannabis, cocaine, heroin, amphetamine, ephedrine, and psychotropic substances, though mostly produced outside the country are on high demand and abused by people of different class, religious and cultural background. In drug trafficking, some fundamental forces romance each other in ensuring the success or otherwise of this organised criminal activity. These include the routes, mode of concealment, the medium of transportation and deception technique. Others include drug barons, merchants, traffickers, agents, distributors, couriers, and peddlers. The joint and shared efforts of members of these syndicates determine the fate of the illicit drug commerce. Available records of arrest with the Nigeria Drug Law Enforcement Agency (NDLEA) indicate that there has been an exponential and steady increase in the number of persons arrested for drug trafficking-related offences. From four hundred and sixty-four (464) drug traffickers arrested in 1990, the statistics stood at eight thousand, eight hundred and twenty-six (8,826) arrest in 2014. The statistics further revealed that between 2000 and 2014, a total number of eighty-six thousand, three hundred and fourteen (86,314) persons were arrested for drug trafficking-related offences. In light of the above, this paper examined the trends in illicit drug trafficking in Nigeria, highlighting the need to raise the red flag. The paper recommends that strong laws, good governance, and political will are fundamental in checking the problem of illicit drug trafficking in Nigeria. In addition, Nigeria Law Enforcement Agency should focus on adequate intelligence gathering that will aid them in designing efficient ways of achieving a drug-free society.

Does the Gap Between East and West Still Exist? a Study of Indonesia’s Disparities

Abstract: Indonesia is a large country with many classical problems. One of the problems still faced by Indonesia is the disparity between Western Indonesia and Eastern Indonesia. Western Indonesia is synonymous with developed and prosperous regions, while East Indonesia is identical to the developing region, the area that left behind. The Indonesian government is implementing various programs to reduce disparities between the two regions. This study aims to map the most striking aspects of the disparity between Western and Eastern Indonesia using discriminant analysis. The variables used are poverty, gini ratio, unemployment, HDI, GEI, GDI, economic growth, sanitation access, and IDI. The results showed that the most distinguishing aspects of the two regions were poverty, unemployment, GDI, and access to sanitation. Thus, it is expected that the policies implemented by the government can prioritize these issues to accelerate equity throughout Indonesia.

Deeprooted Issue Of Child Labor In Balochistan: A Case Study Of Quetta

Abstract: The phenomenon of child labor which denies children in their rights comparatively to possible outcomes and which seats them over inexpressible torments need to stop current in as irritable a period as suitable. Meanwhile, actions are being ended toward this path and administration has taken various errands to battle and expel little child labor from the general public. The task of halting and disposing of child labor needs certain separation additional devotion than most extraordinary formative games and demands for purposeful and orchestrated endeavors from every single public accomplice. The present study was noble as the child labor risk in Quetta. It is basic to commit a sign of the study area jointly through its demographic data and general data of the shared characteristics. Present contemplate was accepted in Quetta. The sample size was one hundred family units which were selected through sample random sampling technique. Children rouse the change way thusly it should be propelled with the goal that their folks could be followed and restrained precisely. With this, the general public can dishearten road peddling by methods for children. Besides, government ought to edify the general population at the appalling impacts of street selling by children. The edification must be intended for demoralizing individuals from looking for from adolescent

Participatory Development and its Impact on Poverty, Vulnerability and Social Exclusion in Baluchistan

Abstract: This paper evaluates the impacts of Baluchistan Area development program in terms of reduction of rural poverty, vulnerability and social exclusion in the selected regions of Baluchistan (Pakistan). Using the participatory approach, both quantitative and qualitative data were collected by impact surveys. Then they were categorized and analyzed by applying descriptive ordinal scale technique in such a way as to reach the distributional impact. The key findings confirm durability and relevancy of some interventions for effective reducing of poverty; vulnerability and social exclusion but some were found less effective in the context of study. Basic physical infrastructure in social sector such as water supplies, dames, water channels were found more productive putting the positive effect on the well-being of beneficiaries. Positive linkage in the reduction of poverty, vulnerability and social exclusion was found with different degrees of impact on different segments of population. Finally, the study concludes program's overall temporary positive impact on above three correlated concepts of poverty. But has found it insignificant for durable development as such suggests measures to strengthen the impact of certain interventions by getting them more innovative through strong and viable community organizations.

Science and Technology Diplomacy and the Power of Students: The Case of Iranian Student in Malaysia

Abstract: The world is witnessing a paradigm shift in international relations. Due to rapid changes in science and technology, “Science and Technology Diplomacy” (scientific diplomacy) has emerged as a new strategy for developing, shaping, and reshaping international relations across the world. In this paper, a scientometric approach is applied to study the trend and progress of “Scientific Diplomacy” in Iran’s relationship with Malaysia during the last few years. The results of the study show that, with 5569 joint publications and as part of the 10,239 authors from both countries, Iranian students in Malaysia have contributed to 10.13% of Iran’s international joint publications between 2012 and 2017. Additionally, Iranian students in Malaysia have contributed to 9.8% of all Malaysian international joint publications during the same period. This is equal to 2.06% and 3.6% of all scientific publications in Iran and Malaysia, respectively. Using Malaysia as a specific case, the study shows a significant relationship between the presence of Iranian students in Malaysia and the growth of scientific and academic collaboration between the two countries. The results of the study have many scientific, political, cultural, and social implications. Considering this study and applying its results to similar cases, “Scientific Diplomacy” seems to work successfully worldwide and plays a key role in future relations among nations. “Scientific Diplomacy” has great potential for furthering the development of relations between nations in very intelligent ways, and may help their states avoid possible disputes and conflicts.

Play Across the Generations: Perceptions of Changed play Patterns in Childhood: Play Across the Generations:

Abstract: While the structure and opportunity for child play has changed across the generations, there is little empirical evidence on how it has changed and the potential impact on child development. Focus group interviews were used to retrospectively explore perceptions of play with 35 participants. Thematic analysis identified themes including active versus passive play, creative play, freedom to play, social / group play and solitary / lone play. Changing play patterns were linked to obesity and health in children. This exploratory data provides some evidence of the ways in which play has changed and provides a basis for future study.

Instructional Technology Integration: Understanding Senior High School Business Studies Teachers’ Concerns

Abstract: In the field of education, technology has revolutionised and its noticeable quality cannot be disregarded. In Ghana, it seems that the adoption and integration of instructional technologies are as yet a predicament that postures extraordinary difficulties to most of Ghanaian teachers. The successful implementation of instructional technologies into Business Studies programme in the senior high schools (SHS) depends partially on the concerns of teachers. The study examined the concerns of Business Studies teachers towards instructional technology integration in the Takoradi Metropolis, Ghana. Descriptive survey design was used in the study and 66 teachers from 12 SHS in were selected using convenient sampling technique. Primary data was gathered from the respondents using adapted stages of concern questionnaire (SoCQ). The data was analysed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. Business Studies teachers had their primary highest concern towards instructional technology integration at stage 4 (consequence) and their second highest concern and lowest concerns at stage 1 (informational) and stage 0 (unconcern) respectively. The study, further, found no statistically significant association between teachers’ characteristics (gender, age and teaching experience) and stages of concern. They are adopters, implementers and users of instructional technology in the curriculum, however, they still need more information about the change. Ministry of education (MoE) in collaboration with school administrators, National Association of Graduate Teachers (NAGRAT) and Ghana association of business education teachers (GABET) should organise workshops, seminars and conferences for teachers on instructional technology adoption and incorporation in the curriculum.

A Study on Causal Relationship between Food Handler’s Awareness and Safe Food Handling Practices in Malaysia

Abstract: This study analyzes the food handler’s awareness towards safe practices in food handling. 322 food handlers from Sungai Petani, Kedah, Malaysia have been given structured questionnaire. Two different dimensions to identify awareness towards safe practice in food handling are knowledge and general perception on safe food handling. Construct of knowledge divided into five different dimensions which are knowledge on minimizing risk of contaminated ingredients, temperature control, personal hygiene, minimizing risk of cross contamination and sanitation. Food handler’s knowledge about safe food handling explored to be in slightly good level. While food handler’s perception identified to be in good level. Food handlers are discovered to practice safe practices in food handling. Significant relationship exists between knowledge and perception of food handlers towards safe practices in food handling.

Smart Classroom for Teaching Learning at Secondary Level in West Bengal: An Exploratory Study

Abstract: The objectives of this paper are to study the availability of equipments and softwares in smart clasrrom and to find out the ICT training of teachers and use of different educational applications by teachers in teaching. Survey method was used with sample of 25 secondary schools selected from three districts (Darjeeling, Hooghly and Siliguri) of West Bengal, India randomly. Self developed and validated questionnaire consisting of 40 items based on availability of equipments, softwares, training of teachers and use of educational applications etc were used as tool for collecting data from school principals. The data were analyzed in terms of frequency count, percentage and average followed by qualitative descriptions. The study indicated that all secondary schools have desktop and projectors in smart classroom but 88% of schools do not have laptop and no schools have interactive board which is important for smart classroom. Half of the teachers are trained in using smart class and ICT for taking class and few schools have subject specific educational softwares. Majority of teachers does not use smart classroom every day for teaching learning. The study suggested that all schools must be equippied with proper digital devices and subject specific softwares. Teachers must be oriented or trained in smart class pedagogy for taking class as it fosters students cognitive capacities. Further, teachers must be encouraged and motivated by educational authority and school principal for using smart classroom facilities in regular teaching activities.

Education for All within Emerging Context: Ivorian Experience, Issues and Perspectives

Abstract: It is the sole aim of every country to ensure that Education for All (EFA) becomes a reality. The presence of educational challenges that pose a threat to the attainment of EFA are worrisome. The obstacles to educational development in a changing environment such as Cote d’Ivoire are being eradicated gradually by sound measures. However, there exist some challenges that call for immediate policy reassessment and re-evaluation as well as prompt actions on the part of the government and key stakeholders. These seeming challenges called for this study. This paper sought to unveil some of the challenges and as well propose workable recommendation. The study employed a qualitative approach to analyze its outcomes by conducting document analysis. The results showed that despite sustained efforts since 2012, there are some traits of failures in the system. These include low enrolment at the secondary level, discrimination against the girl-child, variance in the school curriculum and the demands on the job market, to mention but a few. This paper recommended among other to things to policymakers and stakeholders in the education sector of Cote d’Ivoire the need to further establish and develop an inclusive approach to compulsory schooling for children from 6 to 16 years. It is suggested that reforms should be carefully enacted, and additional resources are to be planned through the National Development Plan.

Poverty as a Factor in Human Trafficking in Rwanda

Abstract: Poverty is a world wide phenomenon and is believed to be the main cause of human trafficking and Rwanda is no exception. Households below the poverty line are prone to human trafficking. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between poverty and human trafficking. Quantitative approach was adopted. The target population of the study was 200 and the sample size is133 respondents. Stratified random sampling technique was used to select the participants. Simple random sampling was used in each stratum to get a representative sample. A questionnaire was used to collect primary data. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 21 for windows was used as to analyze quantitative data. The findings indicated that R=0.744 and R-Square = 0.553 which is a strong relationship between the independent variables and the dependent variable. The significance of the F-statistic is 0.000 which is less than 0.05. This implies that null hypothesis is rejected and conclude that there is a relationship between poverty and human trafficking. The proposed model shows that poverty (Beta = 0.584) was the most important in influencing human trafficking. Thus, Beta at 0.584 is statistically significant and y intercept is at 0.657 where P value 0.000 is less than 0.05 . The model is given as ,Y=0.584 X+0.657. Orphans and single mothers are the ones who fall below the poverty line. To overcome poverty export diversification and expanding manufacturing sector is of paramount importance.

Post-traumatic Stress Disorder, Depression and Substance Abuse among Female Street-based Sex Workers in Addis Ababa

Abstract: The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of mental health conditions among female street-based sex workers in Addis Ababa. Quantitative research approach was employed and data were collected using a sampling technique that helped select 200 participants from the sample frame.Around one-third of the sample was diagnosed as PTSD positive. Over 72% of the participants reported mild to severe level of depression while 43.5% of the participants scored high/severe depressive symptoms. More than 60 % of the sample met the criteria for substance abuse. The analysis of the data showed significant relationships among childhood sexual abuse and current PTSD, depression, and substance abuse symptoms. In conclusion, there was a high prevalence of PTSD, depression and substance abuse among the female/women participants. The targeted samples involved in continuous sex work, despite experiencing work-related violence. Therefore, more targeted interventions and integrated work among different stakeholders should be employed to help these women make positive life changes.

Women Participation in Conflict Management in Nigeria: A Case of a Rural Community in the Niger Delta Area

Abstract: The Niger Delta of Nigeria is plagued by crisis and youth criminality, most of which are committed by jobless and frustrated youths. Communal/ethnic, political, and youth violence are some of the crises and community leaders, the women are usually excluded due to the cultural biases against their involvement. This study examined women participation in conflict management in Omuku, bedeviling the region. Unfortunately, in an effort to manage and tackle these crises by the government Rivers State. The main objective of the research is to determine the extent of women participation in conflict management in Omuku community. The Radical Feminist and Socialist Feminist theories were used as the theoretical framework. A sample of 150 were drawn from a population of 283,292 using the purposive and snowball sampling techniques. Collected data were analysed using a descriptive method. The research found that women had very limited participation in conflict management. The research also found that women did not have any significant roles in the management of conflict in Omuku community.

Caring Narratives in the Face of Perilous Situations: Voices of Karen Women in Communities in Thai-Burmese Border Zones

Abstract: The current situation in the Thai-Burmese borderlands can be labeled ‘frontier capitalism’, that is , capitalist expansion into the borderlands that is characterized by political conflict, state recognition that ethnicity issue playings a key role in preventing women and men from obtaining Thai citizenship, and competition for control of natural resources through development programmes. Among the numerous stakeholders involved are local Karen people, including women, who are asserting their rights over natural resources and protecting their livelihoods. This article argues that the women’s motives are based on the ethics of care. Considering the precarious situations and the risks to sustainability of natural resources, Karen women at border villages have raised their voices to protect the future of their families and the community. However, their association with community men for joint action is riddled with many challenges. Therefore, they have to seek survival strategies and create opportunities to negotiate with frontier capitalism to secure better livelihoods.

The policy failures of central governments during east bengal crisis, 1947-71

Abstract: The incident of 1971 is a historical concern. Both wings of Pakistan were united at the time of the creation of Pakistan but some policies that were adopted after the creation of Pakistan were inadequate to resolve the growing differences between the both wings. Writers are divided regarding the causes of the Fall of Dhaka. Indian involvement has been highlighted frequently and it is also said that East Bengal was on the distance of 1000 km from West Pakistan. Apart from these causes, this study will highlight a new perspective regarding the separation of East Bengal. From 1947 to 1971 the central governments of Pakistan took some measure regarding formulating policies and the policies were not sufficient to bring people of the both wings closer. Thus, the major policies and their consequences would be analysed in this paper. Further, this research would be a new one in a sense that there would be a general description of the policies from both wings.

Principals’ strategies for curriculum implementation at secondary level

Abstract: This paper provides an insight on the strategies adopted by principals in the implementation of curriculum at secondary level. The objectives of the study were to find out the impact of strategies adopted by principals and identifying the gaps acting as potential hampers in managing the implementation of curriculum. For this purpose, a close ended questionnaire with 5 points Likert scale was designed and the entire population was taken as sample of the study. The collected data were treated with Chi–square statistics. The results revealed that the principals were not accompanied with the curricular materials, physical and financial facilities and least training regarding the application of strategies for implementation of curriculum were provided. The recommendation like provision of formal training to strengthen the academics, development of organizational commitment among the employer and employees were made.

Quality of Life of People Living with HIV/AIDS: The Roles of Clinical and Demographic Factors

Abstract: The study examined quality of life of people living with HIVAIDS and the roles of clinical and demographic factors. A purposive sample of 210 (59 males and 151 females) PLWHA with age ranged between 18 and 90years participated in the study. A structured questionnaire format was used to gather data and analysed using descriptive and correlation analyses, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Post-hoc analyses. The results revealed that educational qualification and HIV-Serostatus significantly have negative correlation with quality of life. Additionally, physical psychological, level of independence, social relationship, environment and spirituality domains and general health perception significantly have positive correlation with general quality of life. Conversely, age, gender, tested HIV-Positive, consideration of illness, risk factors and CD4 medical outcome have no significant correlation with general quality of life. Specifically, educational qualification negatively related with physical, level of independence, spirituality domains and general quality of life. Similarly, HIV–positive status negatively related with physical and spirituality domains of quality of life. Likewise, HIV-Serostatus significantly have negative relationship with psychological, level of independence and environment domains of quality of life. In addition, risk factors significantly have negative correlation with psychological domain of quality of life. ANOVA showed that participant’s educational qualification and HIV-Serostatus significantly influenced quality of life whereby participants with postgraduate degrees and AIDS significantly difference on quality of life. The study concluded that clinical and demographic factors correlated with quality of life of people living with HIV/AIDS and hence should be taking into consideration when assessing PLWHA.