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Showing papers in "The Journal of The Association for Persons With Severe Handicaps in 1990"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Nonaversive behavior management is an approach to supporting people with undesirable behaviors that integrates technology and values as mentioned in this paper, which has attracted numerous proponents, but is not suitable for all individuals.
Abstract: Nonaversive behavior management is an approach to supporting people with undesirable behaviors that integrates technology and values. Although this approach has attracted numerous proponents, more ...

344 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The perceptions of 21 non-handicapped high school students were investigated in regard to the benefits they had experienced as a result of developing relationships with peers who had moderate or severe physical impairments as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: The perceptions of 21 nonhandicapped high school students were investigated in regard to the benefits they had experienced as a result of developing relationships with peers who had moderate or sev...

155 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Part-time integration of students with moderate and severe disabilities into regular classes has become a common feature of special education programs as discussed by the authors. But how regular education students think about this process is open to question.
Abstract: Part-time integration of students with moderate and severe disabilities into regular classes has become a common feature of special education programs. How regular education students think about th...

122 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors review the literature related to issues of communication augmentation for individuals with severe and profound intellectual disabilities within the framework of the "Participation Mod" (MOD).
Abstract: This article reviews the literature related to issues of communication augmentation for individuals with severe and profound intellectual disabilities within the framework of the “Participation Mod

96 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This article conducted a functional analysis of aggressive behaviors with a 14-year-old boy with moderate mental retardation and found that aggression occurred during instruction on difficult tasks, but was less likely to occur when extra teacher assistance was provided.
Abstract: This study describes the results of a functional analysis of aggressive behaviors with a 14-year-old boy with moderate mental retardation. An initial analysis showed that aggression occurred during instruction on difficult tasks, but was less likely to occur when extra teacher assistance was provided. We interpreted the initial analysis as indicating that aggression and teacher assistance both served the function of escaping from difficult tasks (either by avoiding the task altogether, or by making it easier to perform). We subsequently taught the student and compared the effects of two response alternatives for requesting assistance: a high effort/low efficiency response of typing “help please” on an electronic communication device, and a low effort/high efficiency response of pressing a single key that produced the same message. Use of the low efficiency response did not result in a durable reduction of aggression. The high efficiency response, once trained, occurred frequently, and was associated with ...

77 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, three high school students with severe disabilities were taught to initiate and maintain a conversation independently through a 4min session with a communication book adaptation. Instruction occur during a 4-minute session.
Abstract: Three high school students with severe disabilities were taught to initiate and maintain a conversation independently through a 4-min session with a communication book adaptation. Instruction occur...

65 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Although differential reinforcement is a procedure generally used to increase responding, it can also be used to decrease responding that is inappropriate as discussed by the authors, and this article contains a review of 49 arti...
Abstract: Although differential reinforcement is a procedure generally used to increase responding, it can also be used to decrease responding that is inappropriate. This article contains a review of 49 arti...

59 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the interrelations among measures of lifestyle quality for 20 adults with severe disabilities living in the community were investigated using two interview-based measures, data were collected on the social networks and activity patterns of the participants.
Abstract: This article reports information on the interrelations among measures of lifestyle quality for 20 adults with severe disabilities living in the community. Using two interview-based measures, data were collected on the social networks and activity patterns of the participants. The results indicate that the overall size of the social networks and the number of family members were highly associated with a greater frequency and variety of activities across home and community settings. The results also indicate that neither the number of social network members paid to provide support, nor the number of friends were significantly related to activity patterns. Finally, implications for measuring lifestyle quality and the use of outcome-based measures for assisting people to build and maintain social relationships are presented.

47 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The authors presented a matrix model of spontaneous language that takes into account listener preparatory behaviors and contextual variables, and examined the practical implications of the model for teaching spontaneous language to individuals with severe handicaps.
Abstract: Although language intervention strategies have been successful in teaching persons with severe handicaps to communicate, success has been limited because individuals with severe handicaps often fail to use these new language skills spontaneously in their natural environment. Previous studies in teaching spontaneous and generalized language usage have not taken into account the need for listener preparatory behaviors such as selecting an appropriate listener, establishing proximity, and obtaining attention before delivering a message, nor have they addressed sufficiently the complexities of the contextual variables affecting spontaneous language/communication. The paper presents a matrix model of spontaneous language that takes into account listener preparatory behaviors and contextual variables, and examines the practical implications of the model for teaching spontaneous language to individuals with severe handicaps.

42 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, two studies were conducted involving 50 students with severe, profound, and multiply handicapping conditions who ranged in age from 1 year and 8 months up to 21 years.
Abstract: Behavior state is potentially a major variable that affects the level of alertness and responsiveness of persons with profoundly handicapping conditions. Two studies were conducted involving 50 students with severe, profound, and multiply handicapping conditions who ranged in age from 1 year and 8 months up to 21 years. In Study 1, behavior slate conditions for each student were observed across 20 sessions in classroom settings. Data were analyzed according to profile groups that reflected similarities and differences in behavior state conditions. The analyses also included short and long term measures of state stability. Results indicated that these stability measures further differentiated the profile groups. The data also showed that the students were observed to spend an average of 42% of their classroom time in slate conditions that were not judged optimal for learning. In Study 2, developmental, medical, environmental, and student characteristic data were compared statistically for the profile group...

39 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A simple, positive procedure was used to increase the number of times that a woman with severe disabilities complied with requests to take prescribed oral medication.
Abstract: A simple, positive procedure was used to increase the number of times that a woman with severe disabilities complied with requests to take prescribed oral medication. The procedure involved asking the woman to follow a number of requests with which she typically complied, reinforcing her compliance with these requests, and then presenting the request to take the medication. The procedure was implemented by direct-care staff during their daily ongoing responsibilities and was functionally related to increases in the number of times that she complied with the request to take her medication.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a shared framework for decision making among educators, related service personnel, and families is proposed, which may be characterized by the roles of the roles played by the stakeholders.
Abstract: Effective delivery of related services requires a shared framework for decision making among educators, related service personnel, and families This framework may be characterized by (a) the roles

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe patterns of co-worker involvement among 264 supported employees in relation to level of disability versus placement approach (individual, clustered, crew) and find that co-workers were more likely to be involved in the placement of disabled workers.
Abstract: This study describes patterns of co-worker involvement among 264 supported employees in relation to level of disability versus placement approach (ie, individual, clustered, crew) Results indica

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A psychometric assessment of an instrument, the Resident Lifestyle Inventory (RLI), that can be used to measure the activities performed by adults with severe disabilities demonstrated that the RLI is a psychometrically acceptable measure that is used accurately by residential programs.
Abstract: Outcome measures that document activity patterns provide an empirical basis for improving the lifestyles of adults with severe disabilities This report provides a psychometric assessment of an instrument, the Resident Lifestyle Inventory (RLI), that can be used to measure the activities performed by such persons In a series of three assessments the congruent validity (Assessment 1), test-retest reliability (Assessment 2), and social validity (Assessment 3) of the RLI were analyzed to determine its acceptability as a measurement instrument for documenting activity patterns Results from the three assessments demonstrated that the RLI is a psychometrically acceptable measure that is used accurately by residential programs It is perceived by support staff to be a useful strategy for improving lifestyle quality Implications of this report are provided for the role of outcome measures in community-based residential support, the individualized plan development process, and future research

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the social interactions of a group of 10 students with severe handicaps attending a junior high school campus were described with the use of narrative recording procedures, where the students were observed when they arrived at school, during lunch, and when they were engaged in vocational training.
Abstract: The social interactions of a group of 10 students with severe handicaps attending a junior high school campus were described with the use of narrative recording procedures. The students were observed when they arrived at school, during lunch, and when they were engaged in vocational training. In addition, teacher perceptions of behavior were measured, and parents were interviewed regarding their childrens' future vocational opportunities and their social relationships with their peers. The results from this study indicated that (a) these youth of transition age were involved in more task-related than nontask interactions, (b) they were engaged in more interactions with teachers than peers, (c) the purposes of the interactions were similar across contexts, and (d) these youth were dependent on contrived or extra cues and feedback from their environment in their vocational settings. These results are discussed with respect to their implications for facilitating the transition from school to work.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The social competence of persons with developmental disabilities is generally regarded as predictive of community adjustment as mentioned in this paper, and the development and validation of a measure of so-called social competence is described in this paper.
Abstract: The social competence of persons with developmental disabilities is generally regarded as predictive of community adjustment. This report describes the development and validation of a measure of so...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present information on instructional strategies and the effective use of personnel needed for educating students with dual sensory impairments in integrated learning environments to counter the practice of educating students in separate environments according to their most apparent weaknesses and limitations.
Abstract: This article presents information on instructional strategies and the effective use of personnel needed for educating students with dual sensory impairments in integrated learning environments. To counter the practice of educating students in separate environments according to their most apparent weaknesses and limitations, the authors contend that learners with dual sensory impairments can benefit from shared learning environments (cross-categorical) and from daily interactions with nondisabled peers. Specific examples and practical intervention strategies to accommodate for the sensory losses are provided.


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss the challenges faced by students with severe disabilities who also exhibit serious behavior problems are a significant challenge to the provision of integrated educational services in neighborhood public schools.
Abstract: Students with severe disabilities who also exhibit serious behavior problems are a significant challenge to the provision of integrated educational services in neighborhood public schools. This rep...


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a case study illustrating comprehensive systems-change integration strategies employed by the Iowa Department of Education over the past 6 years and the results of those efforts are presented. But despite increased integrated educational opportunities for these students, wide variations in placement options continue to exist within and across states.
Abstract: Attempts to achieve integrated education for students with moderate/severe handicaps have grown considerably over the last 15 years. However, despite increased integrated educational opportunities for these students, wide variations in placement options continue to exist within and across states. We propose that state education agencies (SEAs) must take a proactive, leadership role in promoting integration. A case study illustrating comprehensive systems-change integration strategies employed by the Iowa Department of Education over the past 6 years and the results of those efforts are presented. Implications for other states are discussed.



Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) was recently reauthorized with final regulations published in late 1989, and a series of case studies typical of school-based vocational programs for students with severe handicaps were presented.
Abstract: This article describes how the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) administered through the United States Department of Labor (DOL) governs school-based employment and vocational training programs. Particular attention is paid to the regulations regarding employment and training for students with disabilities. Because the FLSA was recently reauthorized with final regulations published in late 1989, this paper updates the Journal of the Association for Persons with Severe Handicaps publication by Martin and Husch (1987) on the same topic. It further explains and interprets situations that are often misunderstood by educators and employment specialists through a series of case studies typical of school-based vocational programs for students with severe handicaps. Finally, suggestions for reform in federal and state policy as a result of counterproductive provisions of the FLSA are presented.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, personal and relationship characteristics of 75 advocate-protege pairs involved in citizen advocacy relationships were assessed and related to ratings of advocate and protege satisfactio cation.
Abstract: This study assessed personal and relationship characteristics of 75 advocate-protege pairs involved in citizen advocacy relationships and related them to ratings of advocate and protege satisfactio...