Showing papers in "The Journal of The Institute of Image Information and Television Engineers in 2011"
151 citations
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79 citations
TL;DR: The principle and the basic experimental results of a method to reduce speckle in laser displays with a moving screen system were described and it reducedSpeckle on laser projection displays.
Abstract: The laser display can be a very high quality one because of its excellent properties such as a wide color gamut and low power consumption. It is essential, however, to reduce the speckle related to the essence of lasers. We describe the principle and the basic experimental results of a method to reduce speckle in laser displays with a moving screen system. The relationship among the screen gain, radius of screen rotation, linear velocity and speckle was quantitatively evaluated and it reduced speckle on laser projection displays.
10 citations
TL;DR: An algorithm that improves the robustness of an ear biometric system is proposed and targeted for use in surveillance systems based on ear biometrics to deal with pose variation when ears are rotated in depth.
Abstract: An algorithm that improves the robustness of an ear biometric system is proposed and targeted for use in surveillance systems based on ear biometrics. To deal with pose variation when ears are rotated in depth, Gabor jets of different poses are estimated and used as training data for a discriminant-analysis-based classifier. Experimental evaluations show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm and the possibility of improving the robustness of a single-view-based ear surveillance-system.
8 citations
TL;DR: The assessment results indicate that the image quality of the synthesized image transmission is higher than that of the depth and image transmission, which is advantageous in terms of interactivity.
Abstract: We investigated the effect of network delay on changing viewpoint in free-viewpoint video transmission by conducting a Quality of Experience (QoE) assessment. We address two transmission methods: synthesized image transmission and depth and image transmission. We assessed the image quality, interactivity of changing viewpoint, and comprehensive quality as QoE factors. The assessment results indicate that the image quality of the synthesized image transmission is higher than that of the depth and image transmission, which is advantageous in terms of interactivity. Also, because the inferior-to-superior relationship between the two methods depends on the characteristics of the video content and camera work used in the rendering process for the comprehensive quality, we should choose one suitable method from the two methods according to the situation.
6 citations
6 citations
TL;DR: The preferred viewing distances for high definition television LCDs were measured as a function of the screen size, screen luminance and content of the displayed pictures, and these results are compared with the field survey data of the practical viewing distances in home environments.
Abstract: The preferred viewing distances for high definition television LCDs were measured as a function of the screen size, screen luminance and content of the displayed pictures. Although the screen size is the most dominant parameter, both it and the screen luminance significantly influence the preferred viewing distance, while the content of the displayed pictures does not. The ratio of the viewing distance preferences to the screen height (H) decreases with the size of the screen. The preferred viewing distance for a 24-inch display is a 5.9 H for a screen luminance (peak white luminance) of 200cd/m2. Similarly, that for a 65-inch display is a 3.9 H. The preferred viewing distance for a screen luminance of 200cd/m2 can be described Using the following empirical equation: D = (2.73 S + 75) /S. This is where D is the preferred viewing distance in screen height and S is the diagonal screen size in inches, where S is larger than or equal to 24 and smaller than or equal to 65. In this paper, these results are compared with the field survey data of the practical viewing distances in home environments. We also discuss the optimum screen size and viewing conditions of high definition television LCDs in actual home environments.
6 citations
TL;DR: It is suggested that controlling the speed of vection-inducing stimuli could enable the driver's sensation of speed to be manipulated in real freeways.
Abstract: We propose a method for presenting visual stimuli to change a driver's sensation of speed on a freeway: utilizing vection, one of the perceptual properties needed for self-motion and show that this method can be used on a freeway with CG simulation movies. Furthermore we investigated the relationship between the velocity of vection-inducing stimuli and the sensation of speed. Our study consists of three experiments. In all experiments, the simulated freeway 3D movies were presented on a wide hemisphere screen and the magnitude of the observer's sensation of speed was measured. Vection-inducing stimuli were produced by flickering in the boards on both sides of the freeway. This flickering yielded apparent motion. We set the speed of the vection-inducing stimuli and that of the driver's car as experimental variables. The observer compared two movies consecutively presented with different conditions and selected the one that gave a sensation of faster speed. The observer's sensation of speed increased linearly with the speed of vection-inducing stimuli. Our study suggests that controlling the speed of vection-inducing stimuli could enable the driver's sensation of speed to be manipulated in real freeways.
5 citations
TL;DR: A method for detecting salient regions which is based on two color histograms obtained by the clipping, which shows that salient regions can be detected more clearly with this method.
Abstract: We have proposed a method for clipping a rectangular region from an image by minimizing a weighted intersection of two color histograms that are constructed with pixels inside and outside the rectangular region. We propose a method for detecting salient regions which is based on two color histograms obtained by the clipping. We experimentally compared our method with the latest method by Achanta et al., and the results show that salient regions can be detected more clearly with our method.
5 citations
4 citations
TL;DR: It is demonstrated how the proposed novel content-aware image resizing technique is faster than the seam carving method at producing resized images that retain the important regions.
Abstract: Content-aware image resizing techniques have become more important with the development of device technology. Although the seam carving method produces high-quality resized images, it requires high computational complexity. In this paper, we propose a novel content-aware image resizing technique that performs the seam carving method in the wavelet transform domain. This approach reduces the computational complexity of image resizing. To avoid breaking the spatial continuity of an image, we reduce the image width by scaling the seam width down instead of carving it out. In addition, the decomposition level is decreased adaptively to avoid distortion. We demonstrate how our method is faster than the seam carving method at producing resized images that retain the important regions.
TL;DR: A method for enabling a robot to switch the parallel and the cascade positions autonomously with the movement of oncoming people and obstacles when it moves with a user in a daily environment is proposed.
Abstract: Two people usually walk through a corridor in a parallel position. However, they spontaneously switch their positions from the parallel to the cascade position when they pass oncoming people. We propose a method for enabling a robot to switch the parallel and the cascade positions autonomously with the movement of oncoming people and obstacles when it moves with a user in a daily environment. The robot uses two laser range finders to detect walls, the user's position, as well as surrounding people and obstacles. It autonomously decides whether to go on ahead or to give way to the user. Experimental results using a robot in a daily environment show that our method was effective.
TL;DR: New algorithms for finding and tracking the transmitter are proposed, which result in increased communication speed and data rate compared to the previous methods.
Abstract: We propose a visible light road-to-vehicle communication system at intersections as an ITS(Intelligent Transport System) technique. In this system, the communication between a vehicle and an LED traffic light is conducted using an LED traffic light as a transmitter and an on-vehicle high-speed camera as a receiver. The LEDs in the transmitter emit light at high frequency, and those emitted light is captured by the high-speed camera for communication. Here, the luminance value of the LEDs in the transmitter should be captured in consecutive frames to achieve communication. For this purpose, first the transmitter should be found, and then it should be tracked in consecutive frames while the vehicle is moving by processing the images from the high-speed camera. In this paper, we propose new algorithms for finding and tracking the transmitter, which result in increased communication speed and data rate compared to the previous methods. Experiments using appropriate images showed the effectiveness of the proposals.
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TL;DR: A system that immediately detects the pupil positions in the mother's face video provided by the color camera using a robust pupil detection technique and the experimental results show the precise pupil center detection in the color face videos.
Abstract: A recent finding showed that infants with autism do not tend to look into their mother's eyes. The disease can be diagnosed by examining the eccentricity of the infant's gaze distribution from the mother's eyes and showing a video of the mother's face on a display screen. In the present study, to cope with a lot of examination, we develop a system that immediately detects the pupil positions in the mother's face video provided by the color camera using our robust pupil detection technique. The system consists of one color camera and two monochrome cameras with near-infrared light sources. All cameras are calibrated. The monochrome camera determines the 3D positions of the mother's pupil centers, which are transformed into the coordinates in the color camera image. These processes were easily performed with 60 fps. In addition, the experimental results show the precise pupil center detection in the color face videos.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined both static and dynamic characteristics of accommodation and vergence responses while viewing stereoscopic displays and real objects to clarify the effect of stereoscopic images on the visual function.
Abstract: The conflict between accommodation and vergence stimuli has been identified as a possible cause of visual fatigue from viewing stereoscopic images. We examined static and dynamic characteristics of accommodation and vergence responses while viewing stereoscopic displays and real objects to clarify the effect of stereoscopic images on the visual function. We used an instrument based on the Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor to measure accommodation and vergence responses simultaneously. Accommodation responses to the static stereoscopic target with large binocular disparity were deviated from those to the real target, i.e., static characteristics. The step responses of the accommodation response showed considerable individual differences, i.e., dynamic characteristics. In addition, the asymmetries of step responses of accommodation were observed between the near-to-far and the far-to-near step directions. These results suggest that we need to examine both static and dynamic characteristics of accommodation and vergence responses to clarify the biological effect of stereoscopic images.
TL;DR: The projector can resolve Super Hi-Vision images and that it has an extremely high dynamic range and a fine 12-bit tone reproduction and the dynamic range of about 30000:1 is necessary for displaying special images which have low average picture levels.
Abstract: We have developed a projector which can display high-resolution images of Super Hi-Vision (7680 x 4320pixels) and has a high dynamic range of 1.1 million to 1. This projector features a serial combination of two modulation blocks: the first for chrominance and the second for luminance. While a conventional projector has one modulation block that contains three devices to modulate red, green, and blue light, our projector has another modulation block that contains a device for luminance to further modulate the combined RGB modulated light. We measured some characteristics of the projector, which are modulation transfer function, dynamic range, and tone reproduction. We found that the projector can resolve Super Hi-Vision images and that it has an extremely high dynamic range and a fine 12-bit tone reproduction. We did two types of subjective evaluations with the projector to research the effect of the resolution of the chrominance component and that of the limited dynamic range of the display on the total image quality. The results of the first evaluation indicate viewers do not notice the image degradation when the resolution of the chrominance component is degraded to a half of that of the luminance component. The results of the second evaluation indicate the dynamic range of at least 1000:1 is necessary for displaying natural images and the dynamic range of about 30000:1 is necessary for displaying special images which have low average picture levels.
TL;DR: A focus-aid signal that enables a low-resolution VF to be used to focus the Super Hi-Vision camera system and the results show that the signal provided good focus in an SHV system.
Abstract: In the current Super Hi-Vision (SHV) camera system, a camera operator has difficulty in finding the best focus because the resolution of SHV video is extremely high compared to that of the viewfinder (VF). Therefore, a video engineer adjusts the lens focus on a high-resolution monitor on a remote site. We propose a focus-aid signal that enables a low-resolution VF to be used to focus the SHV. The signal is generated from the high spatial frequency components of an SHV video and mixed with an VF video. We first discuss the difficulty of focusing the SHV camera on the basis of the MTF calculation including the lens defocus. We then simulated the focus-aid signal generation by using an SHV video and evaluated the property of the generated signal. We finally developed a prototype focus-aid signal generator and the results of our experiments show that the signal provided good focus in an SHV system.
TL;DR: A hybrid camera system is proposed in this paper with the goal of increasing the recognition distance compared to the conventional systems, in which an active telephoto camera is used as an assistant to a wide angle camera.
Abstract: Traffic sign recognition systems can be used to assist drivers and improve road safety. The system is expected to recognize traffic signs at even greater distances in order to give drivers as much warning as possible based on the road conditions. A hybrid camera system is proposed in this paper with the goal of increasing the recognition distance compared to the conventional systems. In this system, an active telephoto camera is used as an assistant to a wide angle camera. Traffic sign detection and classification are processed separately for the different images from the wide angle camera and telephoto camera, respectively. The image from the telephoto camera provides enough information for a classification when the resolution of the detected traffic sign is low from the wide angle camera. The experimental results demonstrated that the recognition distance of the proposed system is improved compared to the conventional systems.
TL;DR: A weighted mean method is proposed to determine the final precise gaze point, which can be achieved using three of the four cameras arranged around the screen, with near-infrared light-emitting diode (LED) lights attached to each camera.
Abstract: Conventional gaze tracking systems are burdensome in that they require the user to gaze at several targets on the PC screen in the user-calibration process. The proposed calibration procedure requires the user to gaze at only one target. The implemented system consists of four camera-calibrated, wide-view video cameras arranged around the screen, with near-infrared light-emitting diode (LED) lights attached to each camera. The angle θ between the line of sight and the line connecting the center of the pupil and the camera (LED lights) is related to the vector from the center of the pupil to the corneal reflection detected from the video image. The user-calibration process makes it possible to determine three parameters, which can be achieved using three of the four cameras. Usually, the larger that angle θ is, the worse the gaze detection precision is. A weighted mean method is proposed to determine the final precise gaze point.
TL;DR: A method of virtual bokeh reconstruction by using only multiple differently-focused images acquired with a single system of lenses to decompose the 3-D blurring filter into ray-sets, each of which goes through a certain point on the lens.
Abstract: We propose a method of virtual bokeh reconstruction by using only multiple differently-focused images acquired with a single system of lenses. First, we analyzed our previously proposed 3-D blurring filter that combines scene information and the acquired multiple differently-focused images to decompose the filter into ray-sets, each of which goes through a certain point on the lens. A new 2-D filter based on dimension reduction was then designed to allow the ray-sets to be reconstructed without the need to estimate the scene. A weighted composition of them provides free shapes of bokeh, i.e., the desired features of lenses and irises. Virtual bokeh reconstruction was simulated by utilizing synthetic multiple differently-focused images with a number of shapes of bokeh. The criteria for appropriate bokeh for image acquisition were also clarified. Finally, we show experimental results of virtual bokeh reconstruction from real images.
TL;DR: A new method in which scents are emitted through the display screen in the direction of the viewer to enhance the reality effect of the visual images and the effectiveness of the scents and the psychological effects were evaluated.
Abstract: We propose a new method in which scents are emitted through the display screen in the direction of the viewer to enhance the reality effect of the visual images. A thin LED display panel filled with tiny pores was made for this experiment and an air control system with a blower was placed behind the screen. We experimentally proved that the direction of airflow could be controlled and scents could properly travel through the pores to the front side of the screen aimed at the viewer. The effectiveness of the scents and the psychological effects were evaluated by the subjects' biological responses and answers to a questionnaire. By analyzing their biological responses, more significant changes in skin conductance were detected when the advertisements were presented with visuals and scents than with visuals alone. Therefore, we had a lot of good reasons to objectively evaluate the psychological effects of visuals with scents.
TL;DR: The proposed depth resampling filter, used in combination with a standard state-of-the-art video encoder, can increase both the coding efficiency and rendering quality, particularly at lower bit rates.
Abstract: There are several ways to represent 3D scene information. One popular way is based on N-view plus N-depth representation. In applications based on this representation, efficient compression of both view and depth is important. In this paper, we present a depth coding method that uses depth downsampling and a novel depth upsample filter that uses the color view in the depth upsampling. Our method of depth down- and up-sampling is able to reconstruct clear object boundaries in the upsampled depth maps, and, therefore, we can obtain a better coding efficiency. Our experimental results show that the proposed depth resampling filter, used in combination with a standard state-of-the-art video encoder, can increase both the coding efficiency and rendering quality, particularly at lower bit rates.
TL;DR: A prototype of a rotatable ray scan system for flatbed autostereoscopic display systems is introduced, the main feature of the new system is the rotatable scanning unit for capturing objects at a depression angle.
Abstract: We introduce a prototype of a rotatable ray scan system for flatbed autostereoscopic display systems. The main feature of the new system is the rotatable scanning unit for capturing objects at a depression angle. The scanning unit of the new system can be easily rotated with the case. Both depth correction and vertical perspective correction are necessary for flatbed 3-D image synthesis. Since the rays acquired by this system are very high density, an adaptive 3-D image can be synthesized for flatbed autostereoscopic displays.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors define the competitive advantage of technology utilizing the two-dimensional framework of IPR exclusiveness and product life cycle, and propose a framework to evaluate the patent exclusiveness.
Abstract: Intellectual property, clearly, is a major component for any company's competitive advantage in the 21st century. We can see many industries where intellectual property played important roles in aiding competitive advantage in the past. However, recognizing IPR importance is not sufficient. For example, the Japanese electronics industry lost its leadership in the DRAM and DVD business despite having strong technology superiority in terms of IPR. This paper deals with patents that are important components of intellectual property; specifically, this paper tries to define the competitive advantage of technology utilizing the two-dimensional framework of IPR exclusiveness and product life cycle.
TL;DR: The thickness of the CaCO3 layer formed on the surface of theCaMgO protective layer during a high-temperature process in air was reduced by optimizing the concentration of MgO in the CaMg O protective layer.
Abstract: The thickness of the CaCO3 layer formed on the surface of the CaMgO protective layer during a high-temperature process in air was reduced by optimizing the concentration of MgO in the CaMgO protective layer. The discharge voltage of the panel with Ca0.3Mg0.7O protective layer stabilized at low values (Vf=163V, Vs min=112V) within 40hours of aging. This duration was remarkably short for a high-γ protective layer under the air annealing process. These voltages were considerably lower those of MgO (Vf=241V, Vs min=142V).