Showing papers in "The Lancet Global Health in 2014"

TL;DR: Between 2003 and 2009, haemorrhage, hypertensive disorders, and sepsis were responsible for more than half of maternal deaths worldwide, and more than a quarter of deaths were attributable to indirect causes.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors did a systematic literature review to identify all population-based studies of age-related macular degeneration published before May, 2013, using retinal photographs and standardised grading classifications.

TL;DR: The intervention increased mean village-level latrine coverage from 9% of households to 63%, compared with an increase from 8% to 12% in control villages, and increased exposure to faecal pathogens and preventing disease.

TL;DR: The risk-adjusted typhoid fever burden estimate was more conservative than previous estimates, which will allow assessment of the effect at the population level and will facilitate cost-effectiveness calculations for risk-based vaccination strategies for future typhoid conjugate vaccine.

TL;DR: A systematic review and meta-analysis examining the epidemiology of chronic kidney disease in sub-Saharan Africa found poor data quality limits inferences and draws attention to the need for more information and validated measures of kidney function especially in the context of the growing burden of non-communicable diseases.

TL;DR: The model has shown that the incidence of paediatric tuberculosis is higher than the number of notifications, particularly in young children, and estimates of current household exposure and cumulative infection suggest an enormous opportunity for preventive treatment.

TL;DR: Quantification of the economic value of surgery provides a strong argument for the expansion of global surgery's role in the global health movement, and economic value should not be the only argument for resource allocation.

TL;DR: The findings suggest that the excess mortality risk to adolescent mothers might be less than previously believed, and in most countries the adolescent maternal mortality ratio is low compared with women older than 30 years.

TL;DR: Estimates suggest that earlier eligibility for antiretroviral therapy is very cost effective in low-income and middle-income settings, although these estimates should be revisited when more data become available.

TL;DR: It is shown that substantial increases in handwashing with soap can be achieved using a scalable intervention based on emotional drivers in rural India, and this study shows that the proportion of handwashing at key events was more common in the intervention group than in the control group.

TL;DR: The Papillomavirus Rapid Interface for Modelling and Economics (PRIME) model was developed and validated to assess cost-effectiveness and health effects of vaccination of girls against HPV before sexual debut in terms of burden of cervical cancer and mortality.

TL;DR: Key weaknesses (and strengths) in health systems that should be considered to improve primary care for NCDs in Africa are identified and ways that HIV programmes could serve as a model and structural platform for these improvements are identified.

TL;DR: After programmatic use of PCV10 in Kilifi, carriage of vaccine serotypes was reduced by two-thirds both in children younger than 5 years and in older individuals, suggesting that PCV 10 introduction in Africa will have substantial indirect effects on invasive pneumococcal disease.

TL;DR: The prevalence of clinically silent and clinically manifest rheumatic heart disease in endemic countries as assessed by different screening modalities and as a function of age was estimated and an association between social inequality expressed by the Gini coefficient was noted.

TL;DR: A quantitatively very small to null association was seen between increases in per-head GDP and reductions in early childhood undernutrition, emphasising the need for direct health investments to improve the nutritional status of children in low-income and middle-income countries.

TL;DR: The results are sufficiently robust, especially when taking into consideration the combined results of modest reduction in HIV incidence combined with increases in HIV testing and reductions in HIV risk behaviour, to recommend the Project Accept approach as an integral part of all interventions (including treatment as prevention) to reduce HIV transmission at the community level.

TL;DR: The aim of this study was to estimate the burden of tuberculosis disease among pregnant women, and to describe how maternal care services could be used as a platform to improve case detection.

TL;DR: The risk of early neonatal death is very high across a range of countries and contexts and cost-effective and feasible interventions to improve neonatal and maternity care could save many lives.

TL;DR: Global human population movements have had a substantial effect on the distribution of the HbS gene, which should increase awareness about the global burden of haemoglobinopathies and encourage policy makers to implement specific public health interventions, such as screening programmes and genetic counselling.

TL;DR: Important differences exist between boys and girls with respect to survival up to the age of 5 years, and survival chances tend to improve more rapidly for girls compared with boys as total mortality decreases, with a reversal of this trend at very low infant mortality.

TL;DR: This study investigated T pallidum pertenue and another bacterium known to cause skin infections in the Pacific islands-Haemophilus ducreyi-as causes of skin ulceration in a yaws-endemic region and identified specific signs and symptoms associated with these causative agents of cutaneous ulcers.

TL;DR: The need to protect pregnant women from malaria across Africa is estimated, using a mathematical model applied to estimates of the geographical distribution of P falciparum across Africa in 2010, to estimate the number of pregnant women who would have been exposed to infection that year in the absence of pregnancy-specific intervention.

TL;DR: A large cohort of laboratory-confirmed cases of Buruli ulcer from Pobè, Benin is analysed to provide a comprehensive description of the clinical presentation of the disease, its variation with age and sex, and its effect on the occurrence of permanent functional sequelae.

TL;DR: Overall, tobacco use in pregnant women in LMICs was low; however high prevalence estimates were noted in someLMICs.

TL;DR: Socioeconomic inequality in NMR seems to have decreased in the past two decades in most countries of low and middle income, however, a substantial survival advantage remains for babies born into wealthier households with a high educational level, which should be considered in global efforts to further reduce NMR.

TL;DR: Urine lipoarabinomannan tests have insufficient sensitivity and specificity to diagnose HIV-positive and HIV-negative children with tuberculosis and should not be used in this patient population.

TL;DR: The overall prevalence of age-related macular degeneration is examined to help in the prevention of the disease, in elucidating the pathogenesis, and could give hints for the development of new therapeutic procedures.

TL;DR: Recurrent violence resulted in a major increase in post-traumatic stress disorder and severe distress in a community previously exposed to mass conflict, and the findings underscore the importance of preventing recurrent violence, alleviating poverty, and addressing injustices in countries emerging from conflict.

TL;DR: The diagnostic accuracy of HAT Sero-K-SeT is adequate for T b gambiense antibody detection in local health centres and could be used for active screening whenever a cold chain and electricity supply are unavailable and CATT/T b gambling cannot be done.

TL;DR: The Botswana national HIV/AIDS treatment programme reduced mortality among adults with HIV to levels much the same as in other low-income or middle-income countries.