scispace - formally typeset
Search or ask a question

Showing papers in "The Lancet in 1997"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The three leading contributors to the burden of disease are communicable and perinatal disorders affecting children, and the substantial burdens of neuropsychiatric disorders and injuries are under-recognised.

4,425 citations


Journal ArticleDOI

4,248 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) used various data sources and made corrections for miscoding of important diseases (eg, ischaemic heart disease) to estimate worldwide and regional cause-of-death patterns in 1990, and the estimates by cause provide a foundation for a more informed debate on public-health priorities.

4,195 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The host factors of ageing, alcohol consumption, and male sex have a stronger association with fibrosis progression than virological factors in HCV infection.

3,008 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The finding of circulating fetal DNA in maternal plasma may have implications for non-invasive prenatal diagnosis, and for improving the understanding of the fetomaternal relationship.

2,851 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Among elderly patients with isolated systolic hypertension, antihypertensive drug treatment starting with nitrendipine reduces the rate of cardiovascular complications and may prevent 29 strokes or 53 major cardiovascular endpoints.

2,781 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
Eugenia E. Calle1, Clark W. Heath1, R. J. Coates2, Jonathan M. Liff2  +191 moreInstitutions (45)
TL;DR: Of the many factors examined that might affect the relation between breast cancer risk and use of HRT, only a woman's weight and body-mass index had a material effect: the increase in the relative risk of breast cancer diagnosed in women using HRT and associated with long durations of use in current and recent users was greater for women of lower than of higher weight or body- mass index.

2,343 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Patients without clinical involvement of the axilla should undergo sentinel-node biopsy routinely, and may be spared complete axillary dissection when the sentinel node is disease-free, and thereby provide important information about the status of axillary nodes.

1,857 citations



Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Treatment with losartan was associated with an unexpected lower mortality than that found with captopril in older heart-failure patients and there was no difference in renal dysfunction.

1,634 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the existence and possible significance of the acute-phase responses of CRP and another sensitive reactant, serum amyloid A protein (SAA), in patients with unstable or stable angina.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: There is no treatment of choice for early-stage cervical carcinoma in terms of overall or disease-free survival and the combination of surgery and radiotherapy has the worst morbidity, especially urological complications.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is suggested that dementia and its two major subtypes Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia are associated with atherosclerosis and that there is an interaction between apolipoprotein E and Atherosclerosis in the aetiology of Alzheimer’s disease.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Heterogeneously resistant VRSA was found in hospitals throughout Japan, which could explain, at least partly, the frequent therapeutic failure of MRSA infection with vancomycin in Japan.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is shown that corneal progenitor cells are localised in the limbus, that cultured limbal cells generate cohesive sheets of authentic cornean epithelium, and that autologous cultured corneals restored the corNEal surface of two patients with complete loss of the Corneal-limbus epithelio.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The cachectic state was predictive of 18-month mortality independent of age, NYHA class, left-ventricular ejection fraction, and peak oxygen consumption, and a subset of patients at extremely high risk of death was identified.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Much of the inverse social gradient in CHD incidence can be attributed to differences in psychosocial work environment, and from factors that act early in life, as represented by physical height.

Journal Article
TL;DR: In patients with refractory unstable angina, treatment with abciximab substantially reduces the rate of thrombotic complications, in particular myocardial infarction, before, during, and after PTCA.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The epidemiological and clinical evidence on CHD and Helicobacter pylori, Chlamydia pneumoniae, and cytomegalovirus, as well as possible mechanisms are reviewed.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Management of patients with suspected deep-vein thrombosis based on clinical probability and ultrasound of the proximal deep veins is safe and feasible and the need for serial ultrasound testing is reduced and the rate of false-negative or false-positive ultrasound studies is reduced.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Circum circumcised infants showed a stronger pain response to subsequent routine vaccination than uncircumcised infants, and preoperative treatment with Emla attenuated the painresponse to vaccination.


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Taken together, CAST and the similarly large IST show reliably that aspirin started early in hospital produces a small but definite net benefit, with about 9 (SD 3) fewer deaths or non-fatal strokes per 1000 in the first few weeks, and with 13 (5) fewer dead or dependent per 1000 after some weeks or months of follow-up.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The findings do not support the systematic prophylactic use of amiodarone in all patients with depressed left-ventricular function after myocardial infarction, but the lack of proarrhythmia and the reduction in arrhythmic death support the use of the drug in patients for whom antiarrhythmmic therapy is indicated.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: English language bias may be introduced in reviews and meta-analyses if they include only trials reported in English if authors are more likely to report trials with statistically significant results in English than in German.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A comprehensive estimate of the prevalence of "cognitive impairment, no dementia" (CIND) in an elderly population of elderly Canadians and this diagnostic category includes a costly group of disorders that merit further study.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Sweden and Norway had larger relative inequalities in health than most other countries for both measures; France fared badly for mortality but was average for morbidity.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This investigation investigated the usefulness of the sign “stops walking when talking” in predicting falls and found that some frail elderly patients stop walking when they start a conversation with a walking companion, presumably because walking demands attention and they stop when they are expected to do two things at once.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The authors' finding of isolated nerve fibres that express substance P deep within diseased intervertebral discs and their association with pain suggests an important role for nerve growth into the interverTEbral disc in the pathogenesis of chronic low back pain.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is found insufficient evidence from these studies that homoeopathy is clearly efficacious for any single clinical condition, and the hypothesis that the clinical effects of homoeopathic remedies are completely due to placebo is not compatible.