Showing papers in "The Lancet in 1998"

TL;DR: In this article, the effects of intensive blood-glucose control with either sulphonylurea or insulin and conventional treatment on the risk of microvascular and macrovascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes in a randomised controlled trial were compared.

TL;DR: The effects of intensive blood-glucose control with either sulphonylurea or insulin and conventional treatment on the risk of microvascular and macrovascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes in a randomised controlled trial were compared.

TL;DR: Since intensive glucose control with metformin appears to decrease the risk of diabetes-related endpoints in overweight diabetic patients, and is associated with less weight gain and fewer hypoglycaemic attacks than are insulin and sulphonylureas, it may be the first-line pharmacological therapy of choice in these patients.

TL;DR: Intensive lowering of blood pressure in patients with hypertension was associated with a low rate of cardiovascular events and the potential benefit of a low dose of acetylsalicylic acid in the treatment of hypertension was assessed.

TL;DR: The absolute improvement in recurrence was greater during the first 5 years, whereas the improvement in survival grew steadily larger throughout the first 10 years, and these benefits appeared to be largely irrespective of age, menopausal status, daily tamoxifen dose, and of whether chemotherapy had been given to both groups.

TL;DR: The variation in the prevalences of asthma, allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, and atopic-eczema symptoms is striking between different centres throughout the world and will form the basis of further studies to investigate factors that potentially lead to these international patterns.

TL;DR: There have been many randomised trials of adjuvant tamoxifen among women with early breast cancer, and an updated overview of their results is presented in this paper, which approximately doubles the amount of evidence from trials of about 5 years of tamoxifier and, taking all trials together, on events occurring more than 5 years after randomisation.

TL;DR: Study of low methodological quality in which the estimate of quality is incorporated into the meta-analyses can alter the interpretation of the benefit of intervention, whether a scale or component approach is used in the assessment of trial quality.

TL;DR: Despite the increased risk of intracranial haemorrhage, thrombolysis with alteplase at a dose of 0·9 mg/kg in selected patients may lead to a clinically relevant improvement in outcome.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated worldwide prevalence of asthma, allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, and atopic disorders in children, and found differences of between 20-fold and 60-fold between centres in the prevalence of symptoms of asthma.

TL;DR: The ATRAMI study as discussed by the authors provides clinical evidence that after myocardial infarction the analysis of vagal reflexes has significant prognostic value independently of LVEF and ventricular arrhythmias and that it significantly adds to the prognosis value of heartrate variability.

TL;DR: The age-specific benefits of polychemotherapy appeared to be largely irrespective of menopausal status at presentation, oestrogen receptor status of the primary tumour, and of whether adjuvant tamoxifen had been given.

TL;DR: Carotid endarterectomy is indicated for most patients with a recent non-disabling carotid-territory ischaemic event when the symptomatic stenosis is greater than about 80%, but age and sex should also be taken into account in decisions on whether to operate.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated a consecutive series of children with chronic enterocolitis and regressive developmental disorder, and identified associated gastrointestinal disease and developmental regression in a group of previously normal children, which was generally associated in time with possible environmental triggers.

TL;DR: AnInterferon α2b plus ribavirin combination is more effective than 48 weeks of interferonα2b monotherapy and has an acceptable safety profile and patients with few favourable factors benefit more from extending the duration of combination therapy to 48 weeks.

TL;DR: The findings of this international multicentre study have implications for studies of the causes of cognitive decline and, in clinical practice, for the information given to patients before surgery.

TL;DR: In this paper, a double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted to investigate the effects of subcutaneous interferon β-1a on relapsing/remitting MS.

TL;DR: There have been many randomised trials of adjuvant prolonged polychemotherapy among women with early breast cancer, and an updated overview of their results is presented in this paper.

TL;DR: A positive relation between circulating IGF-I concentration and risk of breast cancer was found among premenopausal but not postmenopausal women, and may be useful in the identification of women at high risk of Breast cancer and in the development of risk reduction strategies.

TL;DR: Assessment of risk by a combination of maternal age and fetal nuchal-translucency thickness, measured by ultrasonography at 10-14 weeks of gestation, finds that selection of the high-risk group for invasive testing by this method allows the detection of about 80% of affected pregnancies.

TL;DR: In elderly people with isolated systolic hypertension, antihypertensive treatment was associated with a lower incidence of dementia and if 1000 hypertensive patients were treated with anti Hypertensive drugs for 5 years 19 cases of dementia might be prevented.

TL;DR: The results suggest transmission of the virus from infected chickens to the child without another intermediate mammalian host acting as a "mixing vessel" illustrates the importance of intensive global influenza surveillance.

TL;DR: Death rates across Europe among patients infected with HIV-1 have been falling since September, 1995, and at the beginning of 1998 were less than a fifth of their previous level.

TL;DR: Platelet glycoprotein-IIb/IIIa blockade with abciximab substantially improves the safety of coronary-stenting procedures and is safer than stenting without abcximab.

TL;DR: This study shows that despite the side-effects of treatment, patients who have metastatic colorectal cancer, and for whom fluorouracil has failed, have a longer survival, fewer tumour-related symptoms, and a better quality of life when treated with irinotecan than with supportive care alone.

TL;DR: The hypothesis that cellular mediators of inflammation have a role in atherogenesis is supported and provide a clinical basis to consider antiadhesion therapies as a novel means of cardiovascular disease prevention.

TL;DR: Platelet glycoprotein-IIb/IIIa blockade with abciximab substantially improves the safety of coronary-stenting procedures and is safer than stenting without abcximab.