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Showing papers in "The Lancet in 2000"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Selenium is needed for the proper functioning of the immune system, and appears to be a key nutrient in counteracting the development of virulence and inhibiting HIV progression to AIDS.

3,359 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Irinotecan combined with fluorouracil and calcium folinate was well-tolerated and increased response rate, time to progression, and survival, with a later deterioration in quality of life.

3,176 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: An adverse drug reaction is an appreciably harmful or unpleasant reaction, resulting from an intervention related to the use of a medicinal product, which predicts hazard from future administration and warrants prevention or specific treatment, or alteration of the dosage regimen, or withdrawal of the product.

2,442 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The campaign produced a sustained improvement in compliance with hand hygiene, coinciding with a reduction of nosocomial infections and MRSA transmission, and the promotion of bedside, antiseptic handrubs largely contributed to the increase in compliance.

2,404 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Quantification of cerebral perfusion by monitoring of intracranial pressure and treatment of cerebral hypoperfusion decrease secondary injury and an organised trauma system that allows rapid resuscitation and transport directly to an experienced trauma centre significantly lowers mortality and morbidity.

2,400 citations


Journal Article
TL;DR: Ramipril was beneficial for cardiovascular events and overt nephropathy in people with diabetes and the cardiovascular benefit was greater than that attributable to the decrease in blood pressure.

2,307 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: For larynx preservation, the non-significant negative effect of chemotherapy in the organ-preservation strategy indicates that this procedure must remain investigational and the routine use of chemotherapy is debatable.

2,259 citations


Journal Article
TL;DR: Ramipril was beneficial for cardiovascular events and overt nephropathy in people with diabetes and the cardiovascular benefit was greater than that attributable to the decrease in blood pressure.

2,149 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Stress hyperglycaemia with myocardial infarction is associated with an increased risk of in-hospital mortality in patients with and without diabetes; the risk of congestive heart failure or cardiogenic shock is also increased in patients without diabetes.

2,089 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This CT score is simple and reliable and identifies stroke patients unlikely to make an independent recovery despite thrombolytic treatment as well as primary outcomes, including symptomatic intracerebral haemorrhage and 3-month functional outcome.

2,044 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The ELITE II Losartan Heart Failure Survival Study as discussed by the authors showed an association between the angiotensin II antagonist losartan and an unexpected survival benefit in elderly heart-failure patients, compared with captopril, an ACE inhibitor.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A single dose of monoclonal antibody to IL-5 decreased blood eosinophils for up to 16 weeks and sputum eosInophils at 4 weeks, which has considerable therapeutic potential for asthma and allergy, however, the findings question the role of eos inophils in mediating the late asthmatic response and causing airway hyper-responsiveness.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Strong evidence of benefits of ACE inhibitors and calcium antagonists is provided by the overviews of placebo-controlled trials, and data from continuing trials of blood-pressure-lowering drugs will substantially increase the evidence available about any real differences that might exist between regimens.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors did a randomised trial to compare a policy of planned caesarean section with a plan of planned vaginal birth for selected breech-presentation pregnancies.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Individuals of 50 years and older who were prescribed statins had a substantially lowered risk of developing dementia, independent of the presence or absence of untreated hyperlipidaemia, or exposure to nonstatin LLAs.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Alterations in the hypocretin receptor 2 and preprohypocretin genes produce narcolepsy in animal models andHypocretein was undetectable in seven out of nine people with narcoLEpsy, indicating abnormal hypocretIn transmission.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined surgical, electrocardiographic, and late haemodynamic data, and their relation to clinical arrhythmia and sudden death occurring over 10 years, in a multicentre cohort of patients with repaired tetralogy.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The impact of outdoor (total) and traffic-related air pollution on public health in Austria, France, and Switzerland and the results should guide decisions on the assessment of environmental health-policy options are guided.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors did a multicentre prospective randomised trial to find whether postoperative pelvic radiotherapy improves locoregional control and survival for patients with stage-1 endometrial carcinoma.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Although there was a trend towards greater reduction in risk of death or readmission for heart failure in patients with lower ejection fractions, benefit was apparent over the range examined.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Mortality among critically ill patients with acute renal failure was high, but increase in the rate of ultrafiltration improved survival significantly, and it is recommended thatUltrafiltration should be prescribed according to patient's bodyweight and should reach at least 35 mL h(-1) kg(-1).

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: N-BNP-guided treatment of heart failure reduced total cardiovascular events, delayed time to first event compared with intensive clinically guided treatment, and changed left-ventricular function, quality of life, renal function, and adverse events were similar in both groups.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Etanercept offers patients with psoriatic arthritis and psoriasis a new therapeutic option for control of their disease.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Patients should caution patients against mixing herbs and pharmaceutical drugs, as many reports of herb-drug interactions are sketchy and lack laboratory analysis of suspect preparations.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: An extensive social network seems to protect against dementia, and further investigation to clarify the mechanisms are worthwhile due to the implications for prevention.


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Drug treatment is justified in older patients with isolated systolic hypertension whose systolics blood pressure is 160 mm Hg or higher and in those with previous cardiovascular complications or wider pulse pressure, suggesting the coronary protection may have been underestimated.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The early use of NIV for mildly and moderately acidotic patients with COPD in the general ward setting leads to more rapid improvement of physiological variables, a reduction in the need for invasive mechanical ventilation (with objective criteria), and a reduced in-hospital mortality.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The data suggest that PAT had a major role in the spread of HCV throughout Egypt, and this intensive transmission established a large reservoir of chronic HCV infection, responsible for the high prevalence ofHCV infection and current high rates of transmission.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This review focuses on the pathogenesis, clinical features, and management of the principal toxicities of the 15 licensed antiretroviral drugs, including mitochondrial toxicity, hypersensitivity, and lipodystrophy, as well as more drug-specific adverse effects and special clinical settings.